盐胁迫对NHC牧草Na+、K+、Pro、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白的影响

为了改良辽宁营口沿海产业基地NaCl型盐碱地,研究了引进美国的NewHy Crested Wheatgrass(NHC)盐胁迫下的渗透调节物质变化及其部分耐盐机理。以1/2 Hoagland培养液培养NHC,3周后对幼苗进行NaCl和土壤盐胁迫处理。结果在100、200 mmol/L NaCl盐及土壤盐处理条件下,除根K+/叶K+值及可溶性糖含量极显著变化外,其他各生理指标均极显著增加。在300 mmol/L NaCl处理条件下,各项指标均极显著波动,在300 mmol/L土壤盐处理条件下,7 d后死亡。试验结果表明,NHC牧草通过增加根Na+/叶Na+值,增加脯氨酸（Pro）、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量,增强耐盐胁迫能力。NHC最大耐受盐浓度分别为土壤盐浓度200 mmol/L, NaCl浓度 300 mmol/L。     

NaCl胁迫对甘肃红豆草生理特性的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了不同浓度NaCl胁迫对甘肃红豆草幼苗株高、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、丙二醛、Na+和K+含量等生理指标的影响。结果表明:随着盐浓度的升高,甘肃红豆草株高降低,叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量逐步下降。渗透调节物质中,可溶性蛋白含量先升高后降低,可溶性糖含量逐步升高,膜质过氧化产物丙二醛的含量也随NaCl浓度的增加逐步升高,幼苗各器官中Na+含量和Na+/K+均随NaCl浓度的提高而显著增加,K+含量则显著降低,不同器官中Na+/K+在相同浓度NaCl胁迫下表现为根叶。表明甘肃红豆草能通过代谢调节适应低于75mmol/L NaCl胁迫。     

NaCl和Na2SO4胁迫下冰草幼苗的生长及生理响应

在温室条件下用不同浓度的NaCl和Na2SO4(60mmol/L、120mmol/L、180mmol/L、240mmol/L、300mmol/L)对冰草进行胁迫,结果表明:在两种盐处理下随着胁迫浓度递增,冰草的MDA含量增加,生物量、根冠比、叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量和POD活性都呈先增后降的变化趋势;胁迫浓度为300mmol/L时,冰草幼苗的生物量、根冠比、叶绿素含量、POD活性和脯氨酸含量显著下降,MDA含量达到最大值.120mmol/L以下的低浓度盐胁迫对冰草生长有一定的促进作用,NaCl对冰草的胁迫作用大于Na2SO4.     

NaCl胁迫对碱地风毛菊苗期植株Na+、K+含量的影响

通过不同浓度NaCl对碱地风毛菊苗期进行胁迫,测定碱地风毛菊叶片和根系中Na+、K+含量,以探讨NaCl胁迫对碱地风毛菊中Na+、K+分布的影响.结果表明:相同浓度胁迫,碱地风毛菊叶片Na+、K+含量高于根系;随着NaCl浓度的增加,碱地风毛菊根系和叶片的Na+含量显著增加,当NaCl浓度低于300 mmol/L时,碱...     

NaCl胁迫对盐芥和拟南芥K+、Na+吸收的影响(简报)

盐胁迫下植物对K 和Na 的选择性吸收能够代表植物对盐胁迫的适应性。本研究以盐生植物盐芥和甜土植物拟南芥为材料,研究了NaCl胁迫下盐芥和拟南芥幼苗的生长,K 、Na 在根与叶中的含量。结果表明,叶中拟南芥Na 含量逐渐增加,K 含量逐渐减少,K /Na 逐渐降低;盐芥则完全不同,盐浓度从0逐渐增加到300mmol/L,Na 含量基本没有变化,K 含量先增加然后逐渐减少,K /Na 先升高然后逐渐降低,100和200 mmol/LNaCl胁迫下,盐芥的K /Na 分别比拟南芥的高2和5倍。随着NaCl浓度从0逐渐增加到200 mmol/L,盐芥和拟南芥根中Na 和K 的增加和降低趋势相同,盐芥K 的含量随着盐浓度的增加先增加随后逐渐降低,拟南芥K 的含量逐渐降低,相同浓度下根的K /Na 始终是盐芥高于拟南芥。盐芥表现出盐生植物吸钾拒钠的特性。SNa /K 值表明盐芥限制地上部分吸收Na 的能力比拟南芥更强。分析结果发现盐胁迫下拟南芥中的Na 与K 含量变化极显著正相关,因此推断它们的吸收通道或载体为单一竞争性。盐芥吸收的Na 与K 含量完全不相关,具有各自独立的载体或通道系统。     

镧对NaCl胁迫下黑麦草幼苗根系生理特性的影响

采用水培法研究NaCl胁迫下黑麦草幼苗根系活性氧代谢和渗透调节物质含量的变化及La(NO3)3对其变化的影响,结果表明:随着NaCl浓度的增加,黑麦草幼苗根中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧阴离子(O2.-)和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量增大,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性及抗坏血酸(ASA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、可溶性蛋白质和脯氨酸含量先升后降,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和可溶性糖、Na+含量不断提高,K+含量和质膜H+-ATP酶活性持续下降。添加20 mg/L La(NO3)3处理提高了NaCl胁迫下幼苗根中SOD、CAT和H+-ATP酶的活性及ASA、GSH、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和K+的含量,降低了APX活性及O2.-、H2O2、MDA、脯氨酸和Na+的含量,POD活性在低浓度NaCl(50 mmol/L、100 mmol/L)时下降,高浓度(200 mmol/L、300 mmol/L)时升高。表明适宜浓度的La(NO3)3可通过提高盐胁迫下根系清除活性氧和渗透调节的能力,降低植株的膜脂过氧化,从而增强黑麦草的耐盐性。     

复盐胁迫下二种虉草K~+、Na~+吸收与运输的特点

用两种中性盐(NaCl和Na2SO4)和两种碱性盐(NaHCO3和Na2CO3)模拟土壤盐碱环境条件,对虉草新品系和"川草3号"虉草幼苗进行21d复盐胁迫处理,测定茎、叶和根内K+、Na+含量,探讨复盐胁迫下2种虉草体内K+、Na+吸收与运输特点。结果表明,随着盐胁迫强度增加,2种虉草叶、根的Na+含量显著升高,K+含量变化有所不同,新品系叶和根的K+含量均呈先升后降趋势,而"川草3号"均呈下降趋势。在等盐度下,新品系Na+含量增加幅度明显小于"川草3号"虉草,而K+含量和K+/Na+值、SK,Na(根系K+、Na+运输选择性系数)值显著高于"川草3号"虉草,表明新品系对K+的吸收和运输选择性较强。当盐胁迫浓度超过50mmol.L-1时,碱性盐胁迫使2种虉草体内K+含量下降和Na+含量升高的程度极显著大于中性盐胁迫。     

紫花苜蓿对苏打盐碱胁迫的生理响应

为了研究苏打盐碱胁迫下紫花苜蓿的生理生化反应,试验采用不同浓度的Na2CO3和Na HCO3混合液对紫花苜蓿的幼苗进行盐碱胁迫,测定紫花苜蓿幼苗在受到不同浓度的苏打盐碱胁迫时各项生理生化指标,分析苏打盐碱胁迫对紫花苜蓿生理生化的响应机制。结果表明:苏打盐碱浓度为50~150 mmol/L时,紫花苜蓿叶片的甜菜碱、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量三项生理指标和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)两种抗氧化酶活性会随着苏打盐碱溶液浓度的增加而增加,在150 mmol/L时达到最大值;当胁迫浓度超过150 mmol/L时随着浓度的增加,紫花苜蓿叶片的甜菜碱、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量及SOD、POD活性均下降。     

KN03对NaCl胁迫下两菊芋品种幼苗生长及光合能力的影响

以2个菊芋品种南芋一号(Nanyu No.1)和青芋二号(Qingyu No.2)为试验材料,采用砂培方式研究了150mmol/L NaCl胁迫下不同浓度KNO3对菊芋幼苗生物量及光合能力的影响.结果表明,1)无NaCl胁迫下,随KNO3浓度的增加,2个菊芋品种幼苗生物量,叶绿素含量及净光合速率均出现不同程度的减小.2...     

根施甜菜碱对盐胁迫下桑树幼苗生理生化反应的影响

为探讨桑树的耐盐性栽培措施,对盐胁迫下桑树幼苗根施外源甜菜碱,调查不同处理下幼苗生长发育及相关生理指标的变化。结果表明,根施2.5~10.0 mmol/L甜菜碱,可以提高盐胁迫(100 mmol/L NaC l)下桑树叶片的叶绿素、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量,保持叶片含水率,调节K+/Na+离子平衡,减少丙二醛含量,从而减轻盐胁迫对桑树生长的抑制作用;根施甜菜碱浓度以2.5~5.0 mmol/L较为合适。     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.     

Effects of butorphanol, flunixin, levorphanol, morphine, and xylazine in ponies

The analgesic and behavioral effects of butorphanol (0.22 mg/kg), flunixin (2.2 mg/kg), levorphanol (0.033 mg/kg), morphine (0.66 mg/kg), and xylazine (2.2 mg/kg), given IM were observed in 8 ponies. These ponies were instrumented to measure response objectively to painful superficial and visceral stimuli. Effects on the cardiopulmonary system and rectal temperature also were evaluated in 6 of these ponies. Observations were conducted before drug injection (base-line values) and after injection at 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes. Xylazine provided the highest pain threshold for the first 60 minutes and a sedative effect for 105 minutes. The effects for superficial pain and visceral pain persisted 3 hours and 4 hours, respectively. Morphine produced good analgesia for superficial pain (30 minutes), whereas butorphanol provided good effect for visceral pain (4 hours). A slight degree of analgesia for visceral pain was obtained after morphine (1 hour) and levorphanol (4 hours); flunixin did not induce analgesia. Butorphanol, levorphanol, and morphine stimulated motor activity. Behavioral effects did not occur after flunixin was given. Xylazine decreased systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures. Marked increases in these pressures, heart rate, and respiratory rate were observed after morphine was given. Changes of central venous pressure, rectal temperature, and blood gas values remained within base-line limits after both drugs were given. Butorphanol increased heart rates for 1 hour; flunixin and levorphanol did not alter any of the above values.     

Department of Clinical Veterinary Practices, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4

Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds.