家蚕钙网蛋白的基因结构与初步表达谱研究

钙网蛋白(calreticulin,CRT)是内质网/肌浆网主要的Ca2+结合蛋白,在细胞功能的调节方面发挥重要作用。利用双向电泳技术及质谱技术研究家蚕脂肪体蛋白组的变化,通过分析检索蛋白质组数据,获得了钙结合蛋白的氨基酸序列。通过电子克隆、cDNA3′末端快速扩增(3′rapid amplification of cDNA ends,3′RACE)方法克隆了家蚕钙网蛋白基因cDNA全长序列,命名为BmCRT(GenBank登录号:FJ360528)。BmCRT基因cDNA全长1 705 bp,开放阅读框序列(ORF)长1 197 bp,编码398个氨基酸。氨基酸序列分析显示,BmCRT与其它物种的CRT都具有保守的N-结构域、脯氨酸富集结构域和C-端结构域。BmCRT基因组结构分析表明:该基因由7个外显子和6个内含子组成。分析BmCRTmRNA在不同发育时期的表达变化显示,该基因在家蚕幼虫眠期的mRNA表达量比食桑期高,而在4龄和5龄食桑期mRNA表达量没有随着生长变化而变化。     

中国野桑蚕抗病毒蛋白基因(Lipase)的克隆与活性鉴定

从中国野桑蚕幼虫中肠细胞克隆获得了抗家蚕核型多角体病毒BmNPV的脂肪酶基因(Lipase)cDNA(GenBank:AY945212)。该基因cDNA大小906 bp,编码301个氨基酸,蛋白质分子质量约为28.9 kD。进一步克隆了其全长基因组,结果表明该基因由2 147 bp组成,包含4个外显子和3个内含子。该基因在野桑蚕体内的表达具有组织特异性,仅限于野桑蚕中肠组织表达,且在幼虫龄中表达水平较高,而在幼虫眠期和熟蚕期几乎没有表达。通过基因体外表达获得的重组蛋白Lipase,能够有效抑制BmNPV病毒对家蚕的感染,说明该蛋白具有较强的抗BmNPV的生物学活性。     

家蚕感染BmCPV相关未知功能蛋白LOC101742613的基因克隆及表征特征分析

在感染家蚕质型多角体病毒(Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrovirus,BmCPV)的家蚕中肠组织中发现一个表达量明显下调的未知蛋白LOC101742613,与棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)的未知蛋白LOC110378285的序列一致性为51%。利用PCR技术克隆获得了编码该蛋白质的cDNA,其序列全长为1 114 bp,最大开放阅读框(ORF)为993 bp,编码的蛋白质由330个氨基酸残基组成,预测蛋白质分子质量为36.6 kD,等电点为4.31。实时荧光定量PCR分析发现目的基因主要在家蚕的脂肪体、精巢、卵巢和头部组织中表达,且家蚕中肠感染BmCPV后48 h和72 h其mRNA的表达量显著下调,分别为对照组的7.3%和2.1%。通过构建重组表达载体pET28a/BGIBMGA014203对去掉信号肽的目的蛋白进行原核表达,表达产物经SDS-PAGE电泳分析发现重组蛋白主要在包涵体中,分子质量约为37 kD。研究结果为进一步阐明目的基因的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

家蚕脂肪酶基因Bmlipase-1在不同BmNPV抗性水平家蚕品种间的表达差异

家蚕脂肪酶Bmlipase-1在家蚕中肠组织特异性表达,具有抵抗家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)感染的活性。以对BmNPV具有不同抗性水平的6个家蚕品种为材料,利用荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术,检测Bmlipase-1基因在不同家蚕品种5龄期健康幼虫中肠组织的表达水平及感染BmNPV后的5龄期幼虫中肠组织中该基因的表达水平变化,探究该基因表达水平与家蚕对BmNPV的抗性水平的关系。结果表明:不同家蚕品种间Bmlipase-1的表达水平差异显著,抗性较强的品种,其表达水平较高,6个供试品种5龄幼虫中肠组织中的Bmlipase-1表达水平依次为NIL.LVR>P50>CVDAR18>nsd.NIL>892>306,抗性较强品种NIL.LVR 5龄期的平均表达量约为抗性较弱品种306的8.2倍;BmNPV能够诱导Bmlipase-1的表达,但不同品种间该基因的诱导表达差异显著,仍表现为抗性较强的品种该基因的诱导表达水平较高,NIL.LVR经BmNPV感染诱导后Bmlipase-1在5龄期的平均表达量约为抗性较弱品种306平均诱导表达水平的12.4倍。推测Bmlipase-1的表达水平与蚕体自身对BmNPV的抗性水平有一定的关联性。     

家蚕质型多角体病毒感染应答的假定蛋白基因全长cDNA克隆与表达特征分析

在感染家蚕质型多角体病毒(BmCPV)的家蚕中肠组织中发现一个差异表达的假定蛋白基因。利用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术克隆了该假定蛋白基因的全长cDNA。用生物信息学方法进行基因序列与结构分析表明:该基因全长cDNA序列为486bp,包含108bp的5′端非翻译区序列(5′-UTR)和153bp的3′端非翻译区序列(3′-UTR),开放阅读框(ORF)为225bp,编码74个氨基酸,蛋白分子质量为6.888kD,等电点为5.27;该基因由3个外显子和2个内含子组成,ORF位于第2外显子内,编码蛋白含二次跨膜结构,多肽链表现为疏水性,在多肽链上的第15～16氨基酸残基可能是信号肽的切割位点。RT-PCR结果显示该基因在家蚕5龄幼虫的丝腺、血液、脂肪体、生殖腺及中肠组织中均有表达;荧光定量PCR结果表明该基因在感染Bm-CPV的家蚕中肠组织中的表达水平为正常家蚕中肠组织的6.28倍。研究结果为进一步解析该基因的功能奠定了基础。     

家蚕Bmsps1基因的克隆和原核表达

从家蚕EST数据中检索到果蝇(D.melanogaster)硒磷酸合成酶基因(patuf)的氨基酸序列,用seqMAN延伸,电子克隆家蚕sps1的cds,用PCR克隆家蚕sps1基因序列.家蚕sps1基因cDNA长1817bp(登录号:ABA43639.1).利用BLASTN进行同源性分析表明与果蝇的同源性为94%,与大肠杆菌序列同源性最差为46%.Bmsps1基因在家蚕基因组中是单拷贝的,只有一个外显子.推导3'UTR序列包含AATAA终止信号和Poly(A).同时我们对Bm sps1进行了原核表达研究.     

家蚕转录因子AP-4基因cDNA的分子克隆与生物信息学分析

AP-4(activator protein 4)是一种转录因子,在生物的生长发育中有重要作用。根据家蚕表达序列标签(EST)并利用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)方法克隆了家蚕AP-4(Bombyx mori activator protein4)基因,结合生物信息学方法对所获的序列进行开放阅读框、序列同源性分析,预测了AP-4蛋白的理化性质。获得的家蚕AP-4基因cDNA的全长为1621bp,其开放阅读框为996bp,编码331个氨基酸,基因由3个外显子和2个内含子组成。同源性比对表明该基因推导的氨基酸序列与棉铃虫AP-4和谷蛀虫AP-4推测的蛋白同源性分别为76%和54%,第45-99位氨基酸序列是一个典型的保守结构域。实时定量RT-PCR显示该基因在所检测家蚕的各发育时期中,除幼虫1龄和蛹期第4天无表达外,其它时期均有表达,其中幼虫3龄和4龄期的表达量较高。     

利用酵母双杂交系统筛选BmNPV PE38的互作蛋白

利用酵母双杂交技术,以家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)的PE38蛋白为诱饵,从感染BmNPV的家蚕中肠组织cDNA文库中筛选与之相互作用的宿主蛋白编码基因,为探讨BmNPV PE38在侵染家蚕过程中的作用提供线索。将成功构建的酵母诱饵表达载体pGBKT7-Pe38转化到酵母菌Y2HGold中,并将含有感染BmNPV的家蚕中肠组织cDNA文库的Y187酵母细胞与含有pGBKT7-Pe38的酵母细胞共同培养,初筛出8个有匹配结果的候选蛋白基因,经功能搜索后筛选到2个与病毒复制有关的蛋白基因,通过测序和生物信息学分析,这2个基因编码的蛋白质可能是与BmNPV的PE38蛋白有相互作用的候选蛋白,分别为家蚕丝氨酸蛋白酶和过氧化氢酶。     

家蚕淀粉酶基因(Bmamy2)的分子克隆及表达特征和序列分析

淀粉酶在生物体内的碳水化合物代谢中起重要作用。根据预测的基因序列设计引物,克隆了一个家蚕淀粉酶基因(Bmamy2),获得完整的编码区序列(全长1 752 bp,编码583个aa)。用推导的氨基酸序列与其它物种的淀粉酶基因作相似性比较和系统发育分析,发现所克隆的Bmamy2基因是一个起源很早的拷贝,在细菌、果蝇、非洲蟾蜍、人和鸡等多种生物中存在与之同源的基因。该基因编码蛋白的功能结构域预测有2个起催化作用的关键氨基酸发生突变,推测该基因可能失去了催化水解碳水化合物的功能。RT-PCR和基因芯片检测结果表明,该基因在家蚕5龄第3天幼虫的中肠和脂肪体中表达,且在中肠中的表达丰度较高。     

家蚕类胰凝乳蛋白酶基因的发掘与表达特征分析

类胰凝乳蛋白酶(CTLP)是鳞翅目昆虫幼虫中肠中的主要蛋白酶。基于构建的家蚕中肠等组织差异表达基因的SSH文库,发掘和克隆了一条新的家蚕类胰凝乳蛋白酶基因Ctlp(GenBank登录号:JQ081296)。该基因定位于18号染色体nscaf2901,靠近端粒,有5个外显子和4个内含子,全长cDNA序列976 bp,ORF为840 bp,编码279个氨基酸残基,信号肽序列1～18 aa(分值0.985),1～20 aa和50～100 aa区域为2个由内到外的跨膜螺旋,推测蛋白质相对分子质量为29 780.10,pI为8.75,蛋白质功能域(保守区)和分子进化分析显示其为丝氨酸蛋白酶家族的类胰凝乳蛋白酶。家蚕Ctlp基因具有在5龄幼虫中肠特异性高表达和伴随进食量增加而上调表达的特征,同时也具有性别差异性和熟蚕期特异性上调表达的现象,暗示CTLP可能具有促进消化以外的功能。构建pET32a-ctlp重组表达载体,SDS-PAGE分析和Western blot鉴定结果显示,重组蛋白在原核表达系统中的表达量较低。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Observations of fracture of the anconeal process of the ulna of swine

Fractures of the anconeal process of 5 pigs ranging in age from 4 to 8 months were studied radiographically and histologically. Clinically, animals with a fracture of the anconeal process had a "tight," restricted gait. In pigs at 4.5 months of age, a radiolucent line through the base of the anconeal process was composed of fibrocartilage, fibrous connective tissue, and hyaline cartilage. Subperiosteal proliferation of woven bone was located along the cranial surface of the olecranon, adjacent to the base of the anconeal process. In older animals, the radiolucent line through the anconeal process contained variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue and fibrocartilage. The proliferation of subperiosteal bone at the base of the anconeal process formed a "buttress callus" which retained a radiolucent area between the callus and the proximal surface of the anconeal process. The latter region of radiolucency was continuous with the transversely oriented line that traversed the base of the anconeal process.     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.