猪链球菌PCR检测技术研究进展

猪链球菌是猪的一种重要病原菌,并且也会引起人的链球菌病。有35个荚膜血清型(1/21、~34),通常自发病或死亡猪体分离获得1,2,7,9型和14型菌株,其中2型是毒力最强的血清型。根据已知猪链球菌16 SrRNA及溶血素(sly)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(gdh)、荚膜多糖(cps)、胞壁蛋白或溶菌酶释放相关蛋白(mrp)、胞外因子(epf)编码基因序列设计特异性引物,建立猪链球菌群和1(14),2(1/2),7型和9型特异性PCR或多重PCR,建立2型致病性菌株和1型高致病性菌株毒力鉴定PCR或多重PCR,用于检测和鉴别临床病料和细菌分离物中的猪链球菌,具有高敏感性和高特异性,与其他致病菌及其他血清的猪链球菌型无交叉反应,为疫病诊断及流行病学的研究提供了快速、简便和有用的工具。     

猪链球菌2型安徽分离株毒力基因cps2J、mrp、epf、sly的检测及其序列分析

为了解19株猪链球菌2型(S.suis 2)安徽分离株的毒力基因型及毒力基因变异情况,通过PCR扩增S.suis 2毒力基因cps2J、mrp、epf和sly,对这4种毒力基因的扩增片段进行序列测定,并与国内外其他分离株的基因序列进行比较.结果显示,cps2J、mrp、epf和sly基因在19株S.suis 2中的检出率分别为100％、68.4％、68.4％、78.9％;19个受试菌株共分为7个毒力基因型,其中cps2J+/mrp+/epf+/sly+占57.9％,为优势基因型;S.suis 2安徽分离株4种毒力基因的检测序列之间及其与国内其他地区S.suis 2分离株的相应序列同源性均在99.1％以上,与国外S.suis 2分离株的相应序列同源性在87.8％～100％之间;19株cps2J+菌株中有1株菌cps2J基因序列有变异,13株mrp十菌株中有6株菌mrp基因序列发生变异,检测的epf和sly基因序列没有变异.表明cps2J +/mrp+ /epf+/sly+是S.suis 2安徽分离株优势毒力基因型,检测的S.suis 2安徽分离株cps2J、epf和sly基因部分序列较保守,mrp基因部分序列存在较大的变异.     

贵州省铜仁地区猪链球菌2型的分子流行病学分析

通过菌株分离培养、生化鉴定分析了贵州省铜仁地区各屠宰场收集的150份猪扁桃体样本,并用PCR方法对猪链球菌2型的主要致病毒力因子进行了检测。结果表明,150例样本中猪链球菌2型带菌率达到41.3%,其中屠宰场3的检出率较高,mrp、epf片段与阳性对照相关基因的同源性达到100%,屠宰场3的所有样本mrp、epf毒力因子均表现为阳性。说明该地区猪群猪链球菌2型携带率较高,mrp、epf毒性因子阳性表现型与疫病的流行可能存在一定的关联性。     

三重PCR方法检测猪链球菌2型

根据发表文献,设计合成三对引物,建立三重PCR方法,分别扩增猪链球菌2型cps2J、epf,mrp基因,目标片断大小分别为:230bp、570bp、860bp。对三重PCR方法进行特异性、敏感性、重复性试验,结果显示该三重PCR方法特异性好,敏感性高,重复性好,能快速的检测猪链球菌2型。     

新疆石河子部分猪场链球菌2型的分离鉴定与毒力因子检测

为了解石河子垦区具有呼吸道病症状的病死猪感染猪链球菌2型的情况，对采集的53份肺脏组织进行了猪链球菌的分离培养、生化鉴定、PCR鉴定以及cps2J、ef、mrp毒力因子的检测。分离出猪链球菌2型21株，其中8株毒力因-T-为cps2J．10株毒力因子为ef，3毒力因子为cps2J／ef；小鼠试验表明cps2J毒力因子的菌株不具有致病性，毒力因子为ef、cps2J／ef的菌株具有致病性。得出结论，石河子部分规模猪场存在链球菌2型感染情况，且部分感染菌株具有致病性，应引起有关生猪养殖场的高度重视。     

猪链球菌2型湖南分离株4种毒力基因的序列分析

本试验对猪链球菌2型湖南分离株的cps2j、mrp、epf、sly四种毒力基因进行部分序列扩增、测序后分析,结果表明,4株2型猪链球菌均可检出这四种毒力基因,其中cps2j、epf、sly三基因与国内外报道其他分离株具有很高同源性(98%以上)。然而湖南分离株Hunan-An1、Hunan-An2、Hunan-Ping的mrp基因与其他对比菌株相比同源性低,进化关系远,有较大变异。     

通山县某猪场猪链球菌分离株毒力特征及耐药性研究

对通山县某猪场猪链球菌(Streptococcus suis,SS)病料进行了毒力特征及耐药性研究。结果获得血清1型1株,血清2型12株,血清7型2株,血清9型3株。PCR检测epf、mrp和sly,结果显示epf+/mrp+/sly+型有7株,epf-/mrp+/sly+型有5株,epf-/mrp-/sly-型有6株。药敏试验结果显示其对头孢喹肟、青霉素和氨苄西林敏感,对其他类型抗生素均高度耐药。     

2型猪链球菌的毒力因子的鉴定及分布

为探讨河南省2型猪链球菌的毒力及分布情况,本实验设计3对引物,分别扩增溶菌酶释放蛋白(muramidase-released protein,MRP)、胞外因子(extracellular protein fateror,EPF)和溶血素(suilysin,SLY)基因,对2016年1月～2016年12月从河南省猪场采集的各种组织病料中分离鉴定出的87株2型猪链球菌进行了初步的小鼠毒力试验和mrp、epf、sly基因的扩增。结果表明,河南省流行的2型猪链球菌的菌株均对小鼠有毒力,共有8种毒力基因型,其中以毒力相对高的sly+mrp+epf+型为主,其次为sly+mrp-epf+型和sly-mrp+epf+型。     

猪链球菌2型HA0609的分离及致病性研究

从江苏省某屠宰场猪的扁桃体中分离到1株细菌,通过培养特性、菌体形态、菌落形态、染色特性、生化试验以及荚膜多糖(cps)基因的PCR检测,确定为猪链球菌2型,命名为HA0609。本试验针对猪链球菌7种主要毒力因子——谷氨酸脱氢酶(gdh)、溶菌酶释放蛋白(mrp)、胞外因子(epf)、溶血素(sly)、纤连蛋白/血纤蛋白原结合蛋白(fpbs)、次黄嘌呤核苷酸脱氢酶(impdh)及毒力相关序列orf2,进行PCR检测。与已知强毒株比较,该菌株2种主要毒力因子sly和epf均为阴性。动物试验显示HA0609对猪、兔和Balb/c鼠均无致病性。     

2型猪链球菌分离鉴定及毒力基因检测

猪链球菌(Streptococcus suis,SS)是一种重要的人畜共患病病原体,对养猪业和公共卫生构成严重威胁。从广东省某猪场发生急性死亡、伴有神经症状的病猪脑组织样品中分离到2株细菌,经培养特性观察、镜检、生化鉴定和PCR检测,确定为具有强毒力分子特征的2型链球菌,其毒力因子基因型均为:cps2J+/mrp+/sly+/epf+/fbps+/orf+/gapdh+/gdh+。     

Virulence-associated gene profiling of Streptococcus suis isolates by PCR

Definition of virulent Streptococcus suis strains is controversial. One successful approach for identification of virulent European strains is differentiation of capsular serotypes (or the corresponding cps types) and subsequent detection of virulence-associated factors, namely the extracellular factor (EF, epf), the muramidase-released protein (MRP, mrp) and the hemolysin suilysin (SLY, sly). In this work we present a novel multiplex PCR (MP-PCR) and an mrp variant PCR for identification and characterization of virulent S. suis strains. These new methods were used to identify association of disease with particular profiles of virulence-associated genes. The MP-PCR allowed identification of S. suis through detection of the housekeeping gene gdh, differentiation of four cps types (1, 2, 7 and 9), and detection of epf, mrp, sly and arcA (arginine deiminase from S. suis). Furthermore, this study describes the first PCR assay for differentiation of at least six mrp variants. Expression of the corresponding size variants of MRP was shown for four of the six mrp variants, but was undetectable for the two larger mrp variants in the particular strains investigated. The results of this study suggest that cps7 strains are associated with pneumonia and that variation of mrp is very pronounced among these strains. Gene profiles of invasive, pneumonia and carrier S. suis isolates by combination of PCR assays allowed differentiation of 24 different genotypes among cps1, 2, 7 and 9 strains. Forty-five percent of the invasive S. suis diseases investigated in this study were caused by only two of these genotypes, namely cps2/mrp+/epf+/sly+ and cps9/mrp(*)/epf-/sly+. Thus, this study demonstrates for the first time a uniform profile of the particular virulence-associated genes for the vast majority of the investigated invasive cps9 strains.     

猪链球菌病双重PCR诊断方法的建立

根据猪链球菌2型荚膜多糖和马链球菌兽疫亚种类M蛋白的保守区序列分别设计了2对简并引物,建立了一种能同时检测猪链球菌2型和马链球菌兽疫亚种的双重PCR方法。结果显示,该双重PCR能从100个细菌的混合纯培养物中扩增出2条目的片段。而且可以直接从病料组织中检测到相应的病原菌。用建立的双重PCR方法和细菌分离培养法平行检测人工感染的组织病料,PCR方法与细菌培养法的阳性检出率基本一致,但PCR方法的特异性好、敏感性高,简便易行,可以用于猪链球菌病的流行病学调查和实验室的快速鉴别诊断。     

Detection of virulent strains of Streptococcus suis type 2 and highly virulent strains of Streptococcus suis type 1 in tonsillar specimens of pigs by PCR.

We developed a PCR assay for the rapid and sensitive detection of virulent Streptococcus suis type 2 and highly virulent S. suis type 1 in tonsillar specimens from pigs. The PCR primers were based on the sequence of the gene encoding the EF-protein of virulent S. suis type 2 strains (MRP+EF+) and highly virulent S. suis type 1 strains (MRP(s)EF+) and of the EF protein of weakly virulent S. suis type 2 strains (MRP+EF). The latter strains give rise to larger PCR products than the virulent strains of S. suis type 1 and 2. A positive control template was included in the assay to identify false negative results. The PCR was evaluated using tonsillar specimens from herds known (or suspected) to be infected and herds without an S. suis history. The results obtained with the PCR assay were compared with the results obtained with a newly developed bacteriological examination. In this bacteriological examination we were able to identify the EF-positive strains directly in the tonsillar specimens. From the 99 tonsils examined, 48 were positive in the PCR and 51 negative. All specimens from which EF-positive S. suis strains were isolated were also positive in the PCR assay. Three samples were positive in the PCR, but negative by bacteriological examination. The results demonstrated that the PCR is a highly specific and sensitive diagnostic tool for the detection of pigs carrying virulent strains of S. suis type 2 and highly virulent strains of type 1. Application of the assay may contribute to the control of S. suis infections.     

Distribution of capsular serotypes and virulence markers of Streptococcus suis isolated from pigs with polyserositis in Korea

The objective of this study was to determine the capsular serotypes and potential virulence factors of Streptococcus suis isolated from pigs with polyserositis. Among the 24 isolates evaluated, serotype 3 [7 (29%) of the isolates] and serotype 4 [5 (21%)] were the most common. The isolates were also studied for the presence of the genes mrp, epf, and sly, which encode muramidase-released protein (MRP), extracellular factor (EF), and suilysin (SLY), respectively. Of the 24 isolates, 8 carried mrp: 4 of serotype 3, 2 of serotype 2, and 2 of serotype 4. One mrp(+) isolate (serotype 2) also carried the epf gene. All 24 isolates carried the sly gene. The serotype and genotype distribution greatly differed from that reported for isolates from pigs with other clinical manifestations of S. suis infection in other countries.     

Establishment and Preliminary Application of the Multiplex PCR Method for Detection of 4 Kinds of Swine Diseases

The aim of this study was to establish a multiplex PCR method for simultaneously detecting porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV),porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2),porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mh).Four pairs of primers were synthesized according to the reference.The multiplex PCR method was developed by optimizing the reaction condition,specificity and sensitivity detection.Four different amplicons with size of 424,490,298 and 360 bp for PRRSV,PCV2,PRV and Mh,respectively,were yielded.The sensitivity of multiplex PCR indicated that the detection limit was 3 copies by using Multiplex PCR Master Mix,and other common pathogens were not amplified.A total of 60 specimens from piglets were tested by multiplex PCR method.The positive accordance rate between simple and multiplex PCR was 100%.This study indicated that multiplex PCR might be a useful tool for rapid and sensitive etiological diagnosis and provided an effective technical support for pathogenic molecular epidemiology investigation.     

新疆地区4种猪病多重PCR检测方法的建立与初步应用

本试验旨在建立一种可同时检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)、猪圆环病毒2型(porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(porcine pseudorabies virus,PRV)、猪肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,Mh)的多重PCR检测方法。参考相关文献合成PRRSV、PCV2、PRV、Mh的特异性引物,通过对反应条件优化、特异性、敏感性测定,建立了可同时检测以上4种猪多发传染病的PCR诊断方法。扩增的片段长度分别为424 bp (PRRSV)、490 bp (PCV2)、298 bp (PRV)和360 bp (Mh),对其他常见猪病病原无特异性扩增,采用Multiplex PCR Master Mix对PRRSV、PCV2、PRV、Mh的核酸最低检出量为3个拷贝。采用多重PCR方法对60份临床样本反复检测,与单重PCR相比,4种病原符合率均为100%。结果表明,建立的多重PCR诊断方法可用于猪群中上述4种病原的单一或混合感染的快速鉴别诊断和流行病学调查。     

猪源链球菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

通过生化试验、药敏试验、PCR分型、毒力基因的PCR检测及动物试验对分离的猪源链球菌进行药物敏感性、血清型和分子流行病学初步研究。从不同省份猪链球菌病疑似病例猪的心血、肝、淋巴结、脑和关节液组织分离出97株链球菌,药敏试验结果表明各菌株对13种抗菌素的耐药谱不同,但对先锋霉素V和环丙沙星的耐药率均低于5%。通过对分离菌株进行PCR鉴定和分型,确认26株为猪链球菌,其中1株为1型,16株为2型,4株为7型,没有9型,另5株为其它型。进一步对1型、2型和7型猪链球菌mrp、epf和sly3种毒力基因的分布情况进行了PCR检测。动物试验表明能100%致死小白鼠的猪链球菌基因型均为epf^＋mrp^＋sly^＋2型猪链球菌,1株2型和1株7型猪链球菌均能复制出典型的猪链球菌病例。