外来动物疫情的防控措施

甘肃省酒泉市地处河西走廊最西端,是新疆及西亚各国从陆路进入内地的必经之地,也是新疆及西亚各国各种动物疫病传入我国内地的主要路径.近年来,随着贸易活动的增加,人员流动和物资流通越发频繁,各类外来动物疫病传播也随之加剧,酒泉也成为封堵外来动物疫病的主战场.2004亚洲Ⅰ型口蹄疫首次传入我国,并很快通过新疆传入酒泉,酒泉市采取果断措施有效控制了疫情,避免了疫情进一步向内地蔓延.2013年12月,新疆多个地区接连发生小反刍兽疫,并蔓延到了与酒泉接壤的哈密地区,酒泉市紧急启动防控预案,有效杜绝了疫情的传入,为封堵疫情传入内地作出了巨大贡献.分析总结两次外来动物疫情的防控工作,可以归纳为“堵、禁、查、灭、杀、免”六字防控措施.     

时讯

高鸿宾：加强边境地区动物疫病防控工作有效降低境外动物疫情传入风险7月7日,农业部在新疆召开边境省份重大动物疫病防控工作会议．分析了当前重大动物疫情防控形势,安排部署了边境地区防控工作。     

自治区兽医局深入基层调研边境动物疫病防控工作

随着国际全球化贸易日趋频繁,动物及动物产品流通加快,动物疫病跨境传播风险加大,外来病传入风险因素增多。我区与多个国家相邻,边境线长5600多km,周边国家疫情复杂,使得我区有效防控动物疫病传入的难度增加。     

时讯

高鸿宾：加强边境地区动物疫病防控工作有效降低境外动物疫情传入风险7月7日，农业部在新疆召开边境省份重大动物疫病防控工作会议．分析了当前重大动物疫情防控形势，安排部署了边境地区防控工作。     

0520微型计算机国际动物疫情汉字数据库的研制

为了促进我国畜牧业的发展,近年来从国外大量地引进优良家畜、家禽和各种经济动物,同时也带入了若干国内不存在的动物疫病。为了防止国外疫病的传入,对进口的动物必须进行严格的检疫。动物疫病相当复杂,危害较大的有二百余种。要对每批进口     

疫情

<正>高鸿宾:加强边境地区动物疫病防控工作有效降低境外动物疫情传入风险日期7月7日,农业部在新疆召开边境省份重大动物疫病防控工作会议,分析了当前重大动物疫情防控形势,安排部署了边境地区防控工作。农业部副部长高鸿宾出席了会议并作了     

跨境动物疫病防控机制交流研讨会举行

<正>近年来,随着我国"一带一路"开放战略的实施,国际贸易和人员跨境流动日益频繁,跨境动物疫病防控形势日益复杂。为了落实"跨境动物疫病防控机制建设"项目,了解当前我国边境地区动物疫病防控形势和跨境动物疫病传入风险,探索完善我国跨境动物疫病     

防控境外动物疫病传入存在问题与对策建议

笔者在出入境检验检疫部门工作多年,又于2005年4月参加了吉林省政府督查组到延边州督导检查防控朝鲜H7亚型高致病性禽流感传入工作,深感进一步加强防控境外动物疫病传入的重要与紧迫。1加强防控境外动物疫病传入势在必行防控境外动物疫病传入是维护国家安全和社会稳定的一个重要方面,对保证我国人畜健康和畜牧业生产安全也至关重要,进一步加强防控境外动物疫病传入势在必行。1.1防控境外动物疫病传入是动物防疫工作的重要内容。防控动物疫病是一项事关社会公共安全的大事,防控境外动物疫病传入是动物防疫工作的一个重要内容。我国周边国家…     

我国口岸动物疫病传入途径与防控对策

外来动物疫病防控是国家动物防疫工作的重要环节,对保障公共卫生、维护生态安全起着重要作用。当前,我国口岸动物疫病疫情复杂、风险隐患多、防控压力大。本文从我国动物疫病口岸防控现状、主要传入途径以及防控对策3个方面进行了综述。分析认为口岸动物疫病主要通过活动物和动物产品进口、走私、人员携带、邮寄、边境贸易以及媒介、生物迁徙等途径传入,因此需要通过加强风险分析和检疫准入、加强指定口岸建设和管理、强化口岸检疫防疫能力建设以及提高检疫处理的科学化和市场化水平等途径,防止动物疫病从口岸传入,保障国内畜禽养殖业发展和公共卫生安全。本文为口岸动物疫病防控措施和政策的制定提供了参考。     

0520微型计算机国际动物疫情数据库的建立

为了促进我国畜牧业的发展,近年来从国外大量引进优良的家畜、家禽和各种经济动物,与此同时也带入了若干国内未发现的动物疫病。为了防止国外疫病的传入,对进口的动物必须进行严格的检疫。动物疫病相当复杂,要对每批进口动物所有的疫病进行检验是不可能的,只能对进口的国家、地区可能存在的疫病进行有针对性的检疫。这就要求对世界各国近年来发生过什么疫病及发病情况有一     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.