朝鲜碱茅改土效果的研究

在河南省对朝鲜碱茅在盐渍化土壤改良上的应用进行了可行性分析,并对其应用效果和措施进行深入细致的总结。结果表明:种植朝鲜碱茅能够显著地改善盐渍化土壤的结构,降低土壤表层中盐分含量,提高土壤的保肥和供肥能力,改善理化性质,促进后茬牧草的高产。     

朝鲜碱茅改土效果的研究

在河南省对朝鲜碱茅在盐渍化土壤改良上的应用进行了可行性分析，并对其应用效果和措施进行深入细致的总结。结果表明：种植朝鲜碱茅能够显著地改善盐渍化土壤的结构，降低土壤表层中盐分含量，提高土壤的保肥和供肥能力，改善理化性质，促进后茬牧草的高产。     

几种牧草对河西走廊盐渍化土壤改土培肥的效应研究

在河西走廊盐渍化土地上种植老芒麦、扁穗冰草、碱茅和紫花苜蓿4种优质牧草,对盐渍化程度均有一定的改良效果.其中碱茅对盐渍化土壤的改土培肥效果最好,建植3年后的碱茅,与对照比较,0～20 cm土层中自然含水量增加125.99 g/kg,总孔度增加16.14%,容重降低0.27 g/cm3,pH值由8.43降到8.10,全盐含量降低52.90 g/kg,脱盐率达到76.12%,有机质增加3.67 g/kg,碱解氮含量增加18.63 mg/kg,速效磷和钾亦随之增加.     

盐渍化草地培育的理论基础

在对河西走廓盐渍化草地土壤、植被改良培育研究的基础上，结合前人的资料，对河西走廓盐生植物的耐盐机制，小花碱茅和朝鲜碱茅改良盐渍土壤的机理，盐渍化草甸草地培育原理等问题进行了简要论述。     

田间盐渍土壤条件下碱茅与赖草离子关系的比较研究

在河西走廊盐渍化草地的３个群落中设置样点，分别取土样及植物样，分析离子含量，以比较研究碱茅与赖草的离子关系及对盐分的适应性。结果表明，碱茅与赖草地上部Ｋ含量随土壤盐分的变化较小，而根系Ｋ含量随土壤盐分上升呈增加的趋势。赖草对Ｋ的选择性高于碱茅，且随土壤含盐量变化不大，碱茅对Ｋ的选择性随土壤总盐含量的增大而增加；赖草地上部Ｎａ含量及Ｋ／Ｎａ比在较低土壤含盐量（０．３％）下与碱茅接近，当土壤含盐量较高时，Ｎａ是碱茅的１／３～２／３，而Ｋ／Ｎａ是碱茅的１．９～３．５倍；土壤含盐量为０．３％及１．２９％时碱茅地上部Ｃｌ含量高于赖草，土壤含盐量为２．０３％时则低于赖草。对Ｋ较高的选择性与对Ｃｌ的富集是碱茅与赖草耐盐性较强的原因，也是两个种的共性。碱茅与赖草的Ｋ、Ｎａ与Ｃｌ含量（或比值）均从侧面反映了两种植物耐盐性的差异。对Ｋ较高的选择性、较高的Ｋ／Ｎａ比与Ｃｌ含量以及较低的Ｎａ含量反映了赖草较高的耐盐性     

适宜西北地区次生盐渍化土壤栽培的牧草品种筛选

为了筛选适宜引大秦王川灌区西北典型次生盐渍化土壤种植的牧草品种,我们从全国各地引进各种紫花苜蓿和四翅滨藜、朝鲜碱茅等抗盐碱牧草共40种,在引大灌区3个乡镇4个试验点的盐碱地上进行品种的适应性和抗盐碱试验,筛选出一些适宜在引大秦王川灌区次生盐渍化土壤种植的牧草品种。     

封育和灌溉措施对退化碱茅人工草地生长发育及其生物量季节动态的影响

对退化的碱茅人工草地植物生物发育及生物量动态变化的观察测定表明，由于缺水和次生盐渍化而退化的碱茅人工草地在封育和灌溉条件下可得到迅速恢复，植物群落组成主要以碱茅为主；碱茅和群落地上生物量的最大值在8月底；碱茅种群和杂类草生物量生长速率季节动态具明显的差异；地上生物量与株高呈显著正相关（P＜0．05）。     

内蒙古科尔沁草原不同植物生境土壤盐分特征研究

通过分析测定科尔沁草原不同类型盐碱化草地土壤的性质,探索了不同盐生植物群落长期适应生长的盐渍土壤特性,以期为生物改良盐碱地提供一定的理论依据。本研究对内蒙古科尔沁草原4种自然盐碱化草地—碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)、矮化碱蓬(dwarf Suaeda salsa)、小花碱茅(Puccinellia tenuiflora)、马莲(Iris lacteal)以及经碱蓬改良后的紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)地生境土壤进行取样,测定了其生境土壤pH、电导率、Na~+含量、K~+含量和Ca2~+含量,计算了土壤Na~+/K~+比值,利用线性回归分析法分析了3种离子含量与土壤电导率的相关性。结果表明:碱蓬生境土壤中盐分含量最高,因此碱蓬对盐渍化土壤适应能力最强;小花碱茅能够在Na~+/K~+比值高的土壤中生存,对土壤中K~+,Na~+吸收具有显著的选择性(P0.05);通过线性回归分析发现,Na~+含量与各植物生境土壤电导率的相关性最密切,因此Na~+是造成该地区土壤盐碱化的主要因素;经碱蓬改良后的土壤,其pH,电导率,Na~+和Ca2含量均有显著的降低,证明碱蓬对盐碱地的改良十分有效。     

在柴达木盆地次生盐渍化弃耕地建立碱茅人工草地的技术措施

在柴达木盆地次生盐渍化弃耕作了进行３年的栽培研究得到，３０ｃｍ土层含盐量在０．５０％～１．４７％的中盐和重盐碱弃耕地为碱茅的最适种植区，提出：翻耕－冬灌－撒播－耙耱－镇压－冬灌，是一套在次生盐渍化弃耕地上建立碱茅人工草地的最佳农艺措施，在不灌溉的条件下，每公顷可产青干草４５６０ｋｇ，播后镇压和撒播是使碱茅人工草地获得了高产的关键，可分别使青干草产量提高１５７５ｋｇ．ｈｍ＾－２和１４６３ｋｇ．ｈｍ＾     

松嫩中部草地退化对植被和土壤特性的影响

研究草地退化演替中植被群落和土壤特性的变化可为退化草地生态恢复提供科学依据。采用野外调查和室内分析的方法,研究了松嫩草地轻度退化[羊草(Leymus chinensis)群落,LCC]、中度退化[野古草(Arundinella hirta)群落,AHC]、重度退化[碱茅(Puccinellia distans)群落,PDC]和极度退化[碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)群落,SGC]植物多样性和土壤理化特性的变化规律。结果表明,草地植物群落组成和物种多样性均随草地退化演替发生了显著变化,羊草群落的物种丰富度、均匀度指数、多样性指数和生物量均高于其他3种植被退化演替阶段。草地退化对土壤理化性状有明显影响。土壤容重表现为羊草群落野古草群落碱茅群落碱蓬群落;羊草群落土壤紧实度小于碱蓬和碱茅群落。羊草群落和野古草群落土壤有机质和全氮含量显著高于碱蓬群落和碱茅群落(P0.05)。土壤全磷含量以羊草群落最高,野古草群落含量最低;羊草群落的土壤速效N和P显著高于碱茅群落和碱蓬群落(P0.05),而碱茅群落土壤速效K含量最高。草地退化演替显著影响植被群落特性,进而改变了土壤理化性状,甚至加剧了该地区土壤盐碱化的发生。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.