安定和氯胺酮对猪复合麻醉的研究

试验选择安定和氯胺酮进行猪的静脉复合麻醉，通过Datex循环监护仪和SJ-42型生理多导仪，对多项生理指标进行监测及麻醉相的观察。结果表明，麻醉过程中猪的体温略有降低，但影响不大；脉搏麻醉前与麻醉后比较，总趋势是降低的；血氧饱和度（SpO2）在注药后很快下降，最低下降到75左右，之后逐渐回升；整个麻醉过程中心率下降较大，节律基本正常。证明安定与氯胺酮对猪复合麻醉，麻醉确实，麻醉诱导迅速，安全范围大，适合于猪的麻醉。     

三组麻醉药物对小型猪麻醉效果的比较

本试验将小型猪特异性麻醉剂(XFM)、氯胺酮复合安定及速眠新Ⅱ联合戊巴比妥钠三组麻醉药,对小型猪麻醉效果进行比较,将18头中国试验用小型猪随机分成3组,第一组肌肉注射猪小型猪复合麻醉剂(XFM)0.15 mL/kg体重;第二组氯胺酮(8 mg/kg体重)复合安定(1 mg/kg体重),肌肉注射;第三组速眠新Ⅱ0.1 mL/kg体重、戊巴比妥钠10.5 mg/kg体重,联合肌肉注射.试验结果表明,XFM组和速眠新Ⅱ组与氯胺酮组相比对体温和呼吸影响小;XFM组与其他两组比较麻醉诱导时间短,麻醉时间长,苏醒期短;氯胺酮组和XFM组与速眠新Ⅱ组相比麻醉镇痛、镇静、肌松效果好.综合评价XFM组与其他两组比具有对小型猪体温(T)、心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)影响小,麻醉时间适中,麻醉效果确实,镇静、镇痛、肌松效果均衡等优点.     

鲁西黄牛胆汁分泌规律的研究

对28头健康鲁西黄牛施行双胆囊内培植牛黄手术，使胆汁经肝管、胆囊、胆囊引流导管，模拟胆囊、胆总管“T”型插管和胆总管流入十二指肠。术后测定了每头牛的胆汁分泌量；每隔2h测1次，对1d内各个时段的胆汁量的多少作了分析比较。     

3种复合麻醉剂对小型猪心电图的影响

通过对麻醉过程中的心电图进行监测来比较3种复合麻醉剂对小型猪心电图的影响.将中国实验用小型猪分成3组,每组6头,第一组肌肉注射小型猪复合麻醉剂(XFM);第二组氯胺酮和安定联合肌肉注射;第三组速眠新Ⅱ和戊巴比妥钠联合肌肉注射,在麻醉后对心电图进行动态监测.氯胺酮组和速眠新Ⅱ组中的动物心电图波形发生了明显变化,XFM组动物在整个监测过程中未出现波形异常.3种药物麻醉后小型猪的心电图都发生了改变,与氯胺酮复合麻醉剂和速眠新Ⅱ复合麻醉剂相比,XFM对小型猪心电图影响轻微,安全性较高.     

外科动物试验中猪的麻醉方法

作者介绍了临床上猪麻醉的过程，从麻醉前准备到术后处理整个过程的用药及麻醉技术。麻醉前，使用一些镇静药物，可使麻醉诱导更加平稳；临床上多采用静脉麻醉、吸人麻醉进行全身麻醉，可采用多种给药方式进行麻醉如腹腔注射、静脉注射和气管内给药等；同时在吸人麻醉过程中可应用肌肉松驰药来缓解肌肉紧张，在麻醉苏醒前要进行必要的术后处理，以防止意外发生。     

氯胺酮与速眠新Ⅱ复合应用对小型猪麻醉的观察

为探讨氯胺酮与速眠新Ⅱ复合应用对实验小型猪的麻醉效果。将氯胺酮与速眠新Ⅱ等量混合,采用肌肉注射法(0.28mL/kg)对12头实验小型猪(11.33kg±0.83kg)进行复合麻醉,观察麻醉起效时间、麻醉持续时间及镇痛效果,并监测麻醉过程中体温、呼吸、心率等生理指标及有无呕吐、流涎等不良反应。小型猪成功麻醉12例,占100%,肌肉注射后(4.2±1.6)min进入麻醉状态,麻醉状态维持(87.3±15.4)min以上,麻醉期间肌肉松弛效果好,动物呼吸和心率平稳,无不良反应。结果表明,采用氯胺酮与速眠新Ⅱ复合麻醉效果好,麻醉过程平稳,生命体征稳定。氯胺酮与速眠新Ⅱ复合应用是较为简便、安全的小型猪麻醉方法,适合于耗时较长的手术或试验的开展。     

妊娠山羊宫内胎儿脐动脉插管手术方法的研究

为了优化山羊胎儿脐动脉插管模型,本试验采用医用硬膜外导管对单胎妊娠120日龄的山羊进行胎儿脐动脉插管手术,对其手术途径、导管类型、插管方法、麻醉和术后护理进行研究。术后可顺利采集胎儿血液样本,1周后母山羊正常分娩。本试验建立的山羊胎儿脐动脉插管模型的手术方案,可为胎儿疾病的诊断及临床用药等提供试验基础。     

生产性胆汁引流对机有关代谢的影响

本研究以猪为样（ｎ１＝７，ｎ２＝９），通过胆管引流手术，每日晚１９：００－翌晨７：００进行开放引流，胆汁引流４周（至第２８ｄ），中止引流继续观察４周（至５８ｄ），观察了胆汁引流量对胆汁酸代谢、胆红素代谢、消化代谢等有关指标的影响。结果表明：成熟猪日均引流量为５５２．５±３２８．３ｍＬ头；胆汁中胆汁酸、胆红素含量随引流时间延长争速，前者于引流中止后１０ｄ，后者于引流中止直后，而血清胆汁酸、胆固醇、胆     

猪全麻开腹手术中保温措施对生理参数影响的研究

目的:观察猪全身麻醉开腹手术中采取保温措施对保温措施对猪生理参数的影响。方法:选取进行胆管损伤修复手术的实验猪30例,随机分为保温组15例和对照组15例。保温组术中静脉输入温度为接近受试猪体温的38.5~39.5℃的温热液体,并采用温度为39℃的恒温冲洗液进行术区冲洗;对照组术中静脉输入常温(20~22℃)液体,并用同温度的冲洗液进行术区冲洗。观察受试猪术中体温、心率在麻醉诱导后、术中30min、术中60min、术中90min、术毕五个观察时相变化(T1、T2、T3、T4、T5);拔管时间以及凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)在术前和术后的值。结果:保温组与对照组在麻醉诱导以及手术过程中后核心体温比较无显著性差异(P0.05);在术中30min、60min、90min及术毕即刻,保温组的核心体温均高于对照组(P0.05)。保温组与对照组在麻醉诱导后(T1)的心率(HR)比较无显著性差异(P0.05);T2、T3、T4、T5,保温组的心率均低于对照组(P0.05)。对照组受试猪的拔管时间明显长于保温组,(P0.05)。术后保温组与对照组之间PT、APTT、TT、FIB比较差异显著(P0.05)。结论:手术过程中采取保温措施可以减少受试动物体温下降和低体温的发生,保障机体循环功能的稳定,减少出血量,缩短术后恢复和拔管的时间。     

3种复合麻醉剂对小型猪循环、呼吸指标的影响

为了比较3种常用复合麻醉剂对小型猪循环、呼吸影响,将中国实验用小型猪分成3组进行比较.第1组肌肉注射小型猪复合麻醉剂(XFM)0.15 mL/kg体重;第2组联合肌肉注射氯胺酮8 mg/kg体重、安定1 mg/kg体重;第3组联合肌肉注射速眠新Ⅱ0.1 mL/kg体重、戊巴比妥钠10.5 mg/kg体重.试验结果表明,氯胺酮和速眠新Ⅱ对小型猪麻醉后的循环、呼吸系统有一定的抑制作用,尤其使用速眠新Ⅱ进行麻醉的小型猪血氧饱和度(SpO2)下降明显.XFM麻醉后小型猪循环、呼吸系统无明显影响,SpO2、血压(BP)以及呼吸系统各指标均在生理正常范围内,比较之下更适合用于小型猪的麻醉.     

贵州黑山羊胚胎移植手术不同麻醉方法比较

为了筛选适合于贵州黑山羊胚胎移植手术的麻醉方法,试验以贵州黑山羊为试验动物,比较了速眠新Ⅱ注射液2种麻醉方法（肌肉麻醉和静脉麻醉）对山羊生理指标,麻醉山羊的诱导期、麻醉期、苏醒期,麻醉苏醒后山羊的采食、反刍及精神状况的影响。结果表明：2种麻醉方法下,麻醉效果优、良的山羊数量和生理指标无明显差异;速眠新Ⅱ注射液静脉注射麻醉时,山羊的诱导期、麻醉期和苏醒期均较短,在苏醒后0.5 h,90.0%的山羊可以采食,83.3%的山羊可以反刍,93.3%的山羊精神状况良好;苏醒后1 h基本上全部可以恢复正常;采用静脉注射麻醉山羊进行胚胎移植手术,速眠新Ⅱ注射液用药剂量小,且安全、有效,明显优于肌肉注射。     

Ketamine-paraldehyde anesthesia for rabbits.

Combination of ketamine hydrochloride (50 mg/kg) and paraldehyde (0.5 ml/kg), both administered intramuscularly, was found to be safe and effective for induction and maintenance of anesthesia for prolonged major surgical procedures in rabbits. Time of induction of deep surgical anesthesia was 20 to 30 minutes. Surgical procedures (creation of intestinal loops for perfusion studies) lasting 3 to 4 hours were performed, with an additional dose of ketamine (25 mg/kg) occasionally being given after 2 hours. At the end of the experiments, rabbits were killed. Another group of rabbits was maintained in a deep surgical plane of anesthesia for 5 hours without any surgical operation being done. Rabbits were then allowed to recover and, on the next day, were again anesthetized and allowed to recover without the performance of surgical operation. Finally, after a day's hiatus, the same rabbits were used in intestinal perfusion experiments. The use of 2 complementary anesthetics, each with a wide margin of safety for respiratory centers, provided safe anesthesia. The ability to administer a relatively fixed dose obviated the need for inordinate expertise to anesthetize rabbits for long periods.     

母猪尿路感染的检测方法及应用案例

母猪的尿路感染在种猪场中普遍存在，急性尿路感染会导致母猪猝死，亚临床感染影响母猪繁殖性能。由于缺乏便捷有效的检测方法，尿路感染经常被忽视。文章回顾了母猪尿路感染的原因和感染后的临床表现。为了在现场更好地普及尿路感染检测，文章介绍了一种新型的尿路感染的快速检测方法，并用此方法在山东某规模猪场进行了实际操作，对该场的40份母猪尿液样品进行了检测，分析了该场母猪在分娩前后的尿路感染情况，最后给出了解决方法。     

犬穿透性角膜移植术实验效果观察

为探索小动物临床角膜移植的方法，选用6只临床健康的本地幼犬进行了穿透性角膜移植术。结果显示，植片与植床良好吻合是保证植片透明和移植成功的重要条件之一，在犬尤其需要确实可靠而且容易控制时间的麻醉。此外，角膜移植的成功率还与术后感染及免疫排斥反应有关，前者通过术前严格的无菌准备和术中细致的无菌操作可以有效预防，后者可通过选择适当的角膜植片得以减轻或避免。     

一例非洲狮异氟醚吸入麻醉病例报告

内蒙古呼和浩特市某野生动物园3岁雌性非洲狮产前出现里急后重、外阴流出黏液性分泌物等症状,通过临床、影像学及实验室综合性诊断为胎儿死亡,随即进行外科剖宫产手术。手术过程中对非洲狮采取赛拉嗪镇静、丙泊酚诱导麻醉和异氟醚维持麻醉。手术持续52 min,术中非洲狮体心率、收缩压、血氧饱和度和呼吸等体征控制良好,麻醉保定效果确实,基本满足了手术要求。     

高效液相色谱法检测饲料中咪达唑仑的含量

文中建立了高效液相色谱法测定饲料中咪达唑仑(midazolam)含量的方法。样品由乙腈提取,垂直振荡离心后使用固相萃取C18柱进行净化,色谱柱为Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水梯度,检测波长254 nm。实验结果:咪达唑仑最低定量限为1 mg/kg;猪配合饲料回收率为70%～100%,猪预混合饲料回收率为60%～100%,猪浓缩饲料回收率为65%～100%;相对标准偏差均小于10%。结果提示,用高效液相色谱法测定饲料中咪达唑仑的含量,方便、简单、有效性高。     

应用巢式PCR法检测猪单个胚胎中的基因突变

单胚胎基因突变检测技术是以单个胚胎的裂解产物为模板进行DNA或RNA分析的方法,该技术的建立将为在单细胞水平进行基因表达和突变检测提供简便而快捷的方法。本研究设计了2对巢式引物,以显微注射了Cas9 mRNA和猪SS基因2个靶点的gRNA的四细胞期孤雌胚胎为试验材料,通过蛋白酶K对猪单个胚胎进行裂解后直接进行巢式PCR分型,并检测到猪胚胎中SS基因的删除突变。该方法可以最大限度减少假阴性和假阳性结果的出现,在猪基因突变检测中具有重要作用。     

Comparison of the enzyme-hydrolyzed casein, guanidination, and isotope dilution methods for determining ileal endogenous protein flow in the growing rat and pig

The objectives of the two studies were to determine whether the guanidination and isotope dilution methods applied both by labeling the animal (15N-infusion method) and by diet (15N-dilution method) give similar estimates of ileal endogenous lysine (EL) and endogenous nitrogen (EN) flows, respectively, to that of the enzyme-hydrolyzed casein (EHC) method in the growing pig and to determine whether the guandination and 15N-dilution methods give similar estimates of EL and EN flows, respectively, to that of the EHC method in the rat. For the first study, the test diet contained guanidinated and enzymatically hydrolyzed casein (molecular weight < 5,000 Da), which was also labeled with 15N. Rats (n = 30; mean BW 178 g) and pigs (n = 6; mean BW 19.2 kg) received a preliminary EHC-based diet for 7 d. The test diet was then given to the rats and pigs on d 8. Digesta were sampled from the terminal 20 cm of ileum of killed animals. The EL flows determined using the guanidination method were lower than those determined using the EHC method (means of 298 vs. 382, and 214 vs. 287 microg/g of DMI, in the rat and pig, respectively; P < 0.05 for the rat and P < 0.01 for the pig). The EN flows determined with the 15N-dilution method were lower than those determined using the EHC method (means of 1,034 vs. 1,942 and 1,011 vs. 1,543 microg/g of DMI, in the rat and pig, respectively, P < 0.001 for the rat and P < 0.05 for the pig). In the second study, pigs (n = 6; mean BW 27 kg) were continuously infused via the jugular vein with 15N-leucine for 11 d. The pigs received an EHC-based diet (molecular weight < 5,000 Da) during this 11-d period, after which digesta were sampled at the terminal ileum under anesthesia. The EN flow determined using the 15N-infusion method (mean of 1,971 microg/g DMI) was higher (P < 0.01) than that determined using the EHC method (mean of 1,233 microg/g DMI). The guanidination method gave a lower estimate of EL flow than did the EHC method in both the pig and rat. The 15N-dilution method also gave a lower estimate of EN flow than the EHC method in the pig and rat, and the 15N-infusion method gave a higher estimate of EN flow than the EHC method in the pig.     

Establishment and Application of Nested PCR Method for Detecting Mutation in Single Cell

Gene mutation detection in single cell is a new method used for DNA or RNA analysis based on single cell lysis products,the establishment of this technology will provide an easy and quick way for gene expression and mutation detection in single cell level.In this paper,pig 4-cell-stage parthenogenetic embryos microinjected with Cas9 mRNA and 2 target gRNA from pig SS gene were used as experimental material,and two pairs of nested primers were designed for nested PCR.Using this detection method,long fragment deletion in SS gene was detected.This method can minimize the occurrence of false negative and false positive results,which may play an important role in the pig gene mutation detection.