高通量测序技术在临床兽医学中的应用研究进展

高通量测序技术因其能够一次同时对几十万到几百万条核酸分子进行序列测定,是对传统Sanger测序革命性的改变,因此称为下一代或二代测序技术。随着第二代测序技术的迅猛发展,越来越多的学者也开始应用高通量测序技术来解决临床兽医学中的各类问题。文章从高通量测序技术发展现状简介、动物遗传育种与优良品种改进、基因筛选与基因调节机制、动物疾病预防与诊断、兽药筛选等方面对高通量测序技术在临床兽医学中的应用进行综述。     

高通量测序技术的发展及其在畜禽上的应用

 高通量测序技术是测序技术发展历程中的一个里程碑,具有可一次同时对几十万甚至到几百万条DNA分子测序和一般的读长较短等功能。这些功能实现了对某种物种的基因组或转录组更深入细致的研究和分析,所以高通量测序技术也被称为深度测序技术或者下一代测序技术。论文主要针对高通量技术的种类、发展、应用以及在畜禽上的使用价值和前景进行介绍。     

高通量测序技术及其在生物学中的应用

高通量测序技术是当今基因组学研究中最为重要的方法之一。基因测序技术经过几十年的发展,已经从第1代Sanger测序技术发展到第3代单分子测序技术。新兴的第3代测序技术虽有亮点,但仍有许多不完善的地方,因此,第2代高通量测序技术仍是基因组测序中最为常用的技术。高通量测序技术应用非常广泛。笔者对这3代测序技术的优缺点及其在生命科学中的应用进行了详细的阐述。     

高通量测序技术应用于猪病检测的探讨

高通量测序技术以及全基因组深度测序技术的快速发展,加速了检测技术的更新步伐。文章对高通量测序技术的发展及在微生物检测领域应用进行综述,并对高通量测序技术检测猪病的实践应用进行了分析。     

下一代测序技术在食源性致病微生物风险识别和溯源中的应用

下一代测序技术是一次性可对几十万到几亿的DNA分子进行序列测定的高通量技术,正广泛应用于生命科学各个领域。为了解下一代测序技术的发展现状及应用情况,本文综述了下一代测序技术的基本情况,与传统微生物检测方法相比的优势,以及在食源性致病微生物风险识别和溯源方面的应用,以期为食源性致病微生物风险监测和食源性疾病防控等提供参考。     

测序技术的发展对瘤胃元基因组研究的影响

<正>2005年,454 Life Sciences公司首次开发了第二代测序技术——高通量测序技术,又称"下一代"测序技术,以一次并行对几十万到几百万条DNA分子进行序列测定和一般读长较短等为标志,同时还可对一个物种的转录组和基因组进行细致全貌分析,又被称为深度测序[1]。相对于第一代的96道毛细管电泳测序仪,高通量设备具有更高的测序通量,根据各公司的高通量基因测序仪读取长度不同(25 bp到     

基因芯片技术在兽医临床中的应用

基因芯片技术是伴随着人类基因组计划实施而发展起来的前沿生物技术,又称DNA微阵列。该技术被认为是继基因克隆、基因测序和PCR技术后的又一次革命性的技术突破。它最突出的特点是高通量、高集成、微型化、平行化、多样化和自动化。作者主要针对基因芯片的概念、基本原理、技术环节及其在兽医临床中的应用和存在的问题作一综述。     

基于高通量测序和小分子核苷类似物诊断与治疗猫传染性腹膜炎病例转归

猫传染性腹膜炎（简称猫传腹）是一类由冠状病毒引起、以严重腹腔炎症为特征的高致死性传染病，然而对其病原的诊断尚无公认的标准方法，且无有效的治疗手段可应用于兽医临床。因此，本研究通过描述一例猫传染性腹膜炎病例诊治过程，探索针对该病的合理诊疗手段。本研究利用高通量测序技术，综合临床症状、生化分析、血常规等检测方法，实现对该病例的诊断，基于白/球蛋白比、fSAA等临床指标评估抗病毒药物GS-441524治疗效果，监控转归进程。结果表明高通量测序技术可应用于猫传腹的诊断过程，经高剂量药物治疗后临床症状明显改善，8周白/球蛋白比、fSAA两项特征指标恢复正常，10周符合出院标准，16周复查未见疾病复发迹象。此病例的成功治疗证明高通量测序技术在兽医临床诊断的应用价值和GS-441524药物对危重病例治疗的有效性，血清白/球蛋白比（≥0.6）和fSAA （<5 μg·mL^-1）可作为临床指标评估治疗效果。     

高通量测序技术的发展及其在生命科学中的应用

DNA测序技术从以Sanger法为代表的第一代测序技术到如今的高通量测序(HTS)技术,经历了漫长而曲折的发展过程,如今该技术在动植物基因组的研究中获得了很大的成功,它的问世可以使人们以更低廉的价格,更全面、更深入地对全基因组进行分析.作者阐述了几种关于HTS的测序技术平台:Roche/454测序技术、ABI/SOLID测序技术、Illumina/Solexa测序技术、单分子测序技术及Ion Torrent测序技术,并且还归纳了HTS在基因组学、转录组学及表观基因组学等方面的应用.     

高通量测序技术及其在鹿茸生物学领域的应用

随着测序技术的快速发展,各种新方法层出不穷,其测序数据量也在呈几何级数增长。文章对目前最具有代表性的4种高通量测序技术———焦磷酸(GS FLX)测序法、单分子阵列技术(Solexa)测序法、连接酶(SOLiD)测序法和单分子(HeliScope)测序法的测序原理、基本操作流程和测序能力作一综述,并对高通量测序技术在鹿茸生物学研究方面的应用进行了分析。     

Special medical applications of computers

The use of small computers for assistance in medical diagnosis is examined in light of their limitations, particularly in a veterinary clinical setting. Various approaches to these problems are discussed with an eye towards "appropriate technology" for the veterinary practice. The author describes two "expert systems" he devised that enable the small computer to aid in the analysis of laboratory data and in the clinical diagnosis of veterinary patients.     

基于云技术的教学动物医院远程交互教学平台设计与实践

通过系统化分析现有教学动物医院在实践教学过程中面临的问题,以云技术为基础设计了交互式教学平台。平台通过临床信息数字化,以及LIS、HIS、PACS平台整合与音视频交互,克服了动物医学临床实践教学时间与空间的限制,实现了教学、临床实践和病例档案建设无缝对接,产生了一定的教学效果和社会反响,为大学生创新创业搭建了一个重要平台。     

Viscoelastic coagulation testing: technology, applications, and limitations

Use of viscoelastic point-of-care (POC) coagulation instrumentation is relatively new to veterinary medicine. In human medicine, this technology has recently undergone resurgence owing to its capacity to detect hypercoagulability. The lack of sensitive tests for detecting hypercoagulable states, along with our current understanding of in vivo coagulation, highlights the deficiencies of standard coagulation tests, such as prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times, which are performed on platelet-poor plasma. Viscoelastic coagulation analyzers can provide an assessment of global coagulation, from the beginning of clot formation to fibrinolysis, utilizing whole blood. In people, use of this technology has been reported to improve management of hemostasis during surgery and decrease usage of blood products and is being used as a rapid screen for hypercoagulability. In veterinary medicine, clinical use of viscoelastic technology has been reported in dogs, cats, foals, and adult horses. This article will provide an overview of the technology, reagents and assays, applications in human and veterinary medicine, and limitations of the 3 viscoelastic POC analyzers in clinical use.     

The use of information technology in large animal veterinary education

To facilitate large animal veterinary education, information technology has to connect the classroom to the farm. Technology needs to be portable, durable, and cost-effective. Dairy production medicine was one of the first areas in veterinary medicine to use computers to manage large sets of milk production-related data. Now equine practice has embraced technology in almost every diagnostic imaging methodology. The personal desktop assistant (PDA) has allowed students to take large volumes of information with them during clinical rotations. The technology is advancing so quickly that it is difficult to keep up with new software and hardware developments, let alone purchase the most current versions. This article reviews information technology as it is used in large animal practice and, consequently, in large animal veterinary education.     

动物细胞悬浮培养技术在兽用疫苗生产领域中的应用

近年来,动物细胞悬浮培养技术备受关注,该技术已广泛应用于各类生物制品及兽用疫苗的研究和生产过程中。细胞悬浮培养生产兽用疫苗既能降低成本, 也能提高产品质量。以生物反应器技术为基础的细胞悬浮培养技术平台正逐步被建立起来且日趋成熟,成为推动兽用疫苗生产快速发展的主要动力。文章介绍了细胞悬浮培养技术,并就该技术在兽用疫苗生产中的应用进行了论述。     

超高效液相色谱技术在兽药分析领域应用的研究进展

超高效液相色谱技术是近年来迅速发展的基于小颗粒填料的液相色谱技术,具有快速、灵敏、准确、高效等众多优点,已成为药物检测和分析领域的研究热点之一。随着该技术的不断发展,其已在兽药研究开发和兽药残留检测等领域得到了较为广泛的应用。文章就超高液相色谱的技术特点及其实际应用进行综述,并对该项技术在未来兽药分析领域广阔的应用前景进行了展望。     

新冠肺炎疫情背景下《兽医内科学》线上线下融合教学的构想

《兽医内科学》是动物医学专业本科教育的专业方向课,具有较强的理论性、实践性和系统性,是动物医学专业的临床主干课程之一,也是动物临床医学的核心课。目前,该课程主要以线下双语教学方式为主,但随着信息化教育技术不断发展及国际交流合作越来越普及化,全线下教学模式局限性日渐凸显,尤其面对2020年初新冠疫情的暴发,线上居家教学成为教师和学生教与学的唯一方式。线下线上融合的双语教学能更充分的利用在线优质教育资源,对于实现资源共享、推动兽医教育与先进国家接轨、培养综合型高级兽医专业人才、增强国际竞争力具有重大意义。本文拟借助超星学习通平台探索一种教学效果相对理想的《兽医内科学》线上线下融合教学模式,并在实践教学中应用推广,主要从教学内容、教学模式、网络平台、师资队伍、教材开发等诸多方面对教学资源进行补充与创新、继续发展和完善,目标在于将《兽医内科学》双语教学发展到高水平阶段,以满足学生的学习和发展需求。     

Using Artificial Intelligence to Predict Survivability Likelihood and Need for Surgery in Horses Presented With Acute Abdomen (Colic)

Artificial intelligence and machine learning have promising applications in several medical fields of diagnosis, imaging, and laboratory testing procedures. However, the use of this technology in the veterinary medicine field is lagging behind, and there are many areas where it could be used with potentially successful outcomes and results. In this study, two critical predictions were explored in horses presented with acute abdomen (colic) using this technology. Those were the need for surgical intervention and survivability likelihood of affected horses based on clinical data (history, clinical examination findings, and diagnostic procedures). The two prediction parameters were explored using the application of Decision Trees, Multilayer Perceptron, Bayes Network, and Naïve Bayes. The machine learning algorithms were able to predict the need for surgery and survivability likelihood of horses presented with acute abdomen (colic) with 76% and 85% accuracy, respectively. The application of this technology in the different clinical fields of veterinary medicine appears to be of a value and warrants further investigation and testing.     

Effective use of simulations for the teaching and acquisition of veterinary professional and clinical skills

Simulation technology will feature prominently in this exciting, yet challenging, time for veterinary medicine. The profession is evolving to keep pace with rapid changes in clinical practice, scientific discovery, and educational strategy, while ensuring that it follows the public mandate to produce competent veterinarians. Among the challenges to meeting this educational goal are limitations-due to important issues such as animal welfare-on the availability of real patients for training. Drawing chiefly on the experience in human medicine, this article explores the use of simulations in veterinary medical education to provide safe and ethical alternative opportunities for learners to practice essential clinical and professional skills.     

Assessment of quality of life in equine patients

Reasons for performing study: Assessing patients' quality of life (QOL) is a core part of clinical decision making. Various methodologies for assessing patients' QOL have been developed in human medicine and small animal veterinary disciplines. In contrast, the lack of aids for QOL assessment in equine veterinary practice leaves practitioners reliant on subjective assessments of QOL, which may be prone to avoidable errors. Objectives: This paper suggests pragmatic ways in which QOL may be enhanced, while remaining appropriate for the time, financial and owner‐based constraints within equine practice. Methods: Through interdisciplinary research, this paper identifies, adapts and applies insights from several areas of research and practical experience in order to develop an overarching approach to making QOL‐based decisions in clinical cases. Results: The paper identifies 6 steps involved in QOL‐based decision making and provides examples of how these steps may be practically applied. These include deciding what each clinician feels is important; deciding how to evaluate it, including taking owners' views into consideration; making decisions about each case and achieving the desired clinical outcomes. Conclusions: Practitioners can draw their own conclusions on how they may improve QOL assessment in practice and may usefully share these with colleagues. Reporting cases and sharing practical examples of QOL tools used on the ground are vital to the development of this field and appropriate methodologies. Potential relevance: Improvements in QOL assessment are relevant to all areas of equine veterinary practice, and several areas of research. Further research may develop QOL assessment in practice, but more important are the personal improvements that each practitioner may achieve. See also correspondence by Grove