贵州省7个地区主要山羊流产疫病的流行病学调查

为了解2011—2012年间贵州省山羊5种流产疫病的流行情况,采用虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT)、间接血凝试验(IHA)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)3种血清学方法对贵州省7个地(州、市)74个养殖场的514份山羊血清进行5种流产疫病抗体的血清学监测,并通过PCR方法对10个规模化养殖场流产死亡母羊子宫、胎儿、肺和肺门淋巴结组织进行羊流产亲衣原体病和山羊传染性胸膜炎的病原核酸进行检测。结果显示:布氏杆菌病、羊流产亲衣原体病、弓形虫病、蓝舌病、山羊传染性胸膜炎的丝状支原体山羊亚种和绵羊肺炎支原体血清抗体阳性率分别为0、1.26%、6.72%、26.95%、2.35%和6.79%;羊流产亲衣原体病、山羊传染性胸膜肺炎的丝状支原体山羊亚种和绵羊肺炎支原体病原核酸检测阳性率分别为0、0、10%。结果表明:目前除布氏杆菌病以外,其余4种山羊流产疫病均在贵州存在不同程度的流行。     

奶牛衣原体和布氏杆菌混合感染的诊断

应用实验室病原分离、血清学检测技术对西昌市某规模化奶牛场流产牛进行衣原体、布氏杆菌病原分离及血清学检查。结果表明,西昌市奶牛场以孕牛流产、早产、死产、干尸化胎、胎衣不下等症状的繁殖障碍性疾病与衣原体和布氏杆菌混合感染有关。采集病料分离出3株衣原体,5株布氏杆菌;从7个牛群集血清97份血清,阳性率为：衣原体病22.68%,布病47.43%,两病均阳性者13.40%。     

青海山羊布氏杆菌病的诊断

为了对山羊流产死胎病例进行诊断,并对病原进行分离与鉴定,采集疑似布氏杆菌感染羊群的羊血清5份,通过虎红平板凝集和试管凝集试验,测得血清对布氏杆菌抗原都具有凝集性。为了进一步确诊,对细菌进行分离培养,对在流产死胎中分离出的细菌进行PCR鉴定,最后确诊该病由羊布氏杆菌感染所致。本试验表明青海省羊群中存在羊布氏杆菌的感染,建议加强对羊布氏杆菌的检测及监控。     

乌兰县绒山羊布氏杆菌病的血清学调查

针对乌兰县绒山羊妊娠期流产严重现象,用布氏杆菌试管凝集试验(SAT),对该地区改良绒山羊进行了布氏杆菌血清凝集抗体的检测,共检202份血清样品,阳性1份,阳性率为0.5%。同时对30份流产胎儿病料用选择性培养基进行布氏杆菌分离,结果均未分出布氏杆菌。     

三种牛羊流产相关疫病在海西州的流行现状及分析

近年来,随着海西地区畜牧业的发展,牛羊流产现象也伴随多发,给牧民带来极大的经济损失。为调查布鲁氏菌病、衣原体病、弓形虫病在青海省海西州畜群中的整体流行状况,了解海西州牛羊流产多发的主要病因,对海西州31个乡镇97个牧业村的空怀牛羊群随机抽样,集中采血,分离血清,共分离牛羊血清共14114份,其中羊血清12620份,牛血清1494份。分别采用凝集试验、间接血凝试验和弓形虫快速检测卡对布鲁氏菌、衣原体和弓形虫进行抗体检测与数据分析。结果表明,羊布鲁氏菌、衣原体和弓形虫的抗体阳性率分别为0.056%、8.7%、0.11%;牛布鲁氏菌、衣原体和弓形虫的抗体阳性率分别为4.6%(69/1494)、5.8%(74/1494)、9.9%(87/1494),其中有15头牛同时检测到上述3种病原的抗体。海西州空怀羊群中衣原体阳性率最高,可能是导致羊流产的主要病因;空怀牛群中3种病原抗体阳性率普遍较高,且存在一定程度的共感染,流产病因较为复杂。     

云南省红河州山羊流产病原的调查

针对红河州山羊妊娠期流产严重的现象，进行了流行病学调查、临床症状观察、病理学检查、实验室诊断、人工感染试验和治疗试验。结果发现，妊娠母山羊流产现象覆盖全州，且流产率以每年11．50％的速度递增，弓形虫抗体阳性率为30．82％(1210／3925)，衣原体抗体阳性率为32．31％(1268／3925)，其中弓形虫和衣原体双重感染阳性羊占9．35％(367／3925)，未检出布鲁氏菌抗体阳性羊；自流产胎儿肺抹片中发现弓形虫滋养体包囊，7份流产胎儿中有6份分离到衣原体；用土霉素及复方新诺明治疗有明显效果；人工感染试验能复制出与自然病例相同的病例模型。调查结果表明，红河州广泛流行的山羊妊娠期流产的病原是弓形虫、衣原体，2种病原单一感染或混合感染是造成流产的主要原因。     

贵州地区部分羊场主要疫病的流行情况调查

为了解贵州地区部分羊场的主要疫病流行情况、疫苗免疫状态、疫病控制效果等,以期为羊群疫病的防控决策提供科学依据,于2007—2010年对贵州省9个地(州市)部分种羊场、规模化羊场和散养户进行了羊主要疫病流行病学调查和病原学检测。结果显示:9个地州市羊口蹄疫O型、口蹄疫亚州Ⅰ型、口蹄疫隐性感染、布氏杆菌病和山羊痘的抗体阳性率分别为58.85%、47.83%、10.39%、7.67%和90.00%;同时在发病羊中可检出山羊痘病毒、大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌、多种寄生虫混合感染等。以上数据表明在部分养殖场中虽加强免疫防控,但抗体阳性率仍较低,且细菌混合感染普遍存在,成为羊病防疫中不可忽视的一个环节。     

乌兰县茶卡公社“羊地方流行性流产病”病原的诊断

据以往的调查研究资料证实:茶卡公社羊布氏杆菌病的感染率为19.54％。1971年以后,连续多年用羊型M5号弱毒菌苗进行气雾免疫,到1983年为止,我们从布氏杆菌血清学检查和细菌分离的结果证明:茶卡公社抽检羊只的布病血检率已降低到1.34％,在流产胎儿中,经过多年检验未分出布氏杆菌及其它能致羊发生流产的病原细菌。但是近年来,牛羊的流产仍在发生,个别羊群的流产危害比用M5号苗气雾免疫前的71年还要严重。为了明确当前羊只流产的主要原因,我们于1983年4月在茶卡公社收集流产胎儿10例,作了流产病原的细菌及羊流产衣原体的分离,在10例病料中未均培养出病原细     

衣原体在绵羊体内的初步感染试验

1980年,在都兰县香日德公社、巴隆公社的25只(包括山羊和绵羊)流产材料中分离了7株衣原体。同时,用兰州兽研所的A_1衣原体补结抗原对176份绵羊血清作了补体结合试验,发现香日德公社绵羊血清阳性率占33.8％(46/136)。巴隆公社阳性率是5％(2/40)。为了进一步明确两公社及海西州其他地区的绵羊非布氏菌病流产是否由衣原体引起,又作了衣原体对绵羊的感染试验。材料和方法;绵羊为都兰县香日德公社非疫区羊群,年龄为2—3岁的头胎母羊,经用布氏菌抗原和农原体补结合抗原血检的阴性羊只,接种前观察五天体温、呼吸、脉搏都     

2022年宁夏固原市肉用流产母牛病原血清学调查分析

[目的]为了明确宁夏固原地区肉用流产母牛4种流产相关病原的流行情况。[方法]试验选择宁夏固原市5个地区不同规模化肉牛养殖场,采集131份有流产史的母牛血清样品,采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）分别对流产相关病原抗体/抗原进行检测和分析。[结果]采集的131份血清样品中共检出109份阳性血清,阳性率为83.2%。其中BVDV抗体阳性率为62.6%（82/131）、流产衣原体抗体阳性率为59.5%（78/131）、IBRV抗体阳性率为13.7%（18/131）,布鲁氏菌抗体阳性率为0%（0/131）。结果表明,采集的131份血清样品中共检出109份阳性血清,阳性率为83.2%。其中BVDV抗体阳性率为62.6%（82/131）、流产衣原体抗体阳性率为59.5%（78/131）、IBRV抗体阳性率为13.7%（18/131）,布鲁氏菌抗体阳性率为0%（0/131）。109份阳性样品中,最多出现3种病原混合感染。其中单一病原感染阳性样品占42.2%（46/109）,以BVDV感染比例最大,与流产衣原体阳性率相比差异显著（P＜0.05）;2种病原混合感染样品占56.9%（62/109）,以BVDV和流产衣原体混合感染比例最大,与流产衣原体和IBRV混合感染阳性率、BVDV和IBRV混合感染阳性率差异极显著（P＜0.01）;3种病原混合感染样本占4.6％（4/109）,主要以BVDV、流产衣原体和IBRV混合感染为主。[结论]宁夏固原地区流产母牛均存在以上3种疫病感染,其中主要以BVDV和流产衣原体单独或混合感染为主。     

Abortion in humans caused by Chlamydophila abortus (Chlamydia psittaci serovar 1)

On a farm housing cattle and goats an abortion storm occurred affecting 50% of the goats during the lambing season 2000/2001. In one of three investigated caprine abortions Chlamydophila abortus could be identified as etiology. During this time a pregnant woman (pregnancy week 19/20) had contact with aborting goats. She developed a severe generalized infection and aborted. The placenta contained Chlamydophila abortus shown by immunohistochemistry and PCR. Aim of the present case report is to alert veterinarians about the potential zoonotic risk of ovine/caprine abortions.     

Role of Chlamydophila abortus in ovine and caprine abortion in Sardinia, Italy

Between 1999-2003, 14321 sera and 646 abortion samples (498 foetuses and 148 placentae) were analysed from 807 sheep and goat farms distributed all over the island of Sardinia. After notification of abortion in a flock, sera collected at random from adult animals were examined to detect antibodies specific to Chlamydophila (C.) abortus by ELISA, whereas foetuses and placenta were analysed by PCR assay. Specific IgG antibodies were detected in 611 (4.8%) sheep and 106 (5.8%) goats. From a total of 2050 ovine and 151 caprine fetal samples including muscle, liver, abomasum, spleen, brain and placenta, 29 (1.4%) ovine and 1 (0.6%) caprine samples were C. abortus PCR-positive. Placenta was the tissue with the highest detection rate. These results indicate that the seroprevalence of C. abortus infection in sheep and goats is very low in Sardinia, and PCR results demonstrate that C. abortus has no significant role in abortion, especially in goats.     

The isolation and serology of Brucella melitensis in a flock of goats in central RSA

Brucella melitensis biotype 1 was isolated in pure culture from the lungs, liver, spleen, kidney, stomach contents, abomasum and brain of an aborted caprine (Boer goat) foetus in the district of Cullinan near Pretoria. The 18 does and 1 ram in the flock of Boer goates were examined serologically by means of the complement fixation (CF) test, using Brucella abortus antigen. Six weeks later they were examined again, using B. abortus as well as B. melitensis biotype 1 antigens. No significant differences were found between the 2 CF tests using B. abortus antigen, or between the results obtained by using the B. abortus and B. melitensis antigens. Twelve goats, showing CF antibody titres, were slaughtered and examined bacteriologically. No relationship was found between the serological and bacteriological results.     

羊流产嗜衣原体病和弓形虫病IHA与ELISA诊断方法的比较

通过比较研究羊流产嗜衣原体与弓形虫抗体的间接血凝试验(IHA)与酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测结果,选择适宜贵州省山羊流产血清学调查的检测方法。通过IHA和ELISA两种方法对贵州省195份山羊血清进行羊流产嗜衣原体与弓形虫抗体的检测,统计并分析两种疫病的阳性符合率、阴性符合率和总符合率。结果表明,羊流产嗜衣原体与弓形虫IHA与ELISA的总符合率分别为77.95%和78.97%,阳性符合率均仅为50%,阴性符合率为80.45%和79.27%。说明在检测两种疫病血清抗体方面,IHA比ELISA更适合在贵州省基层推广。     

Prevalence of Chlamydophila abortus infection in domesticated ruminants in Taiwan.

This study is to (1) investigate the prevalence of Chlamydophila abortus infection in cows and goats in Taiwan, and (2) compare the genetic properties of Taiwanese isolates with abortion strains from other sources. Approximately 71% of aborted cows and 58% of aborted does had IgG against C. abortus in their sera. The seroprevalence rate in cows may be overestimated, because a certain degree of cross-reactivity with C. pecorum cannot be ruled out. Only 22.7% (from aborted cows) and 33.3% (from aborted dogs) of vaginal swabs that tested positive by polymerase chain reaction led to successful isolation of C. abortus by inoculation into chicken embryos, equivalent to 7.1% and 7.9% of isolation rates, respectively. The major outer membrane protein gene of 15 Taiwanese abortion isolates was compared with that of various strains by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and nucleotide sequencing. Restriction enzyme CfoI was able to distinguish Taiwanese ruminant isolates, which have identical RFLP patterns, from C. felis (feline) and C. psittaci (avian) strains. Taiwanese isolates had 98.8-100% homology with known ruminant abortion strains and were phylogenetically closest to bovine LW508 strain.     

Histopathologic findings in Brucella abortus-infected, pregnant goats

Twenty-eight pregnant goats in midgestation were exposed to a bovine pathogenic strain of Brucella abortus to determine the histologic changes associated with infection. Does were necropsied 0 to 7 days or 4 to 6 weeks after delivery of aborted, stillborn, or live, full-term fetuses. Aborted and stillborn fetuses were necropsied within 16 hours of delivery. Selected, paired tissue specimens were collected for histologic and bacteriologic examination. An avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunostaining procedure was used to detect Brucella antigen in tissue section. Histologic changes were evident in specimens from infected does and aborted fetuses. Postpartum does had endometritis, lymphoid hyperplasia in lymph nodes and spleen, and lymphocytic mastitis. The most prominent finding in aborted fetuses was an interstitial pneumonia. Lesions in does and fetuses were similar to those described in Brucella-infected cows and fetuses; however, lesions were less consistently observed in goat fetuses than has been observed in bovine fetuses. Brucella antigen was detected by immunoperoxidase staining within the cytoplasm of placental chorioallantoic trophoblastic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and uterine epithelial cells. Also, stained brucellae were free in placental and fetal vascular lumens and in the interstitium of autolyzed fetal tissues.     

Toxoplasma gondii and Chlamydophila abortus in caprine abortions in Tobago: a sero-epidemiological study

A sero-epidemiological study was conducted on a goat farm that experienced an abortion epidemic in the 2005 breeding season in Tobago. Serum samples of goats (aborting and non-aborting) and cats were collected, in addition to the use of stored sera from the farm sampled in 2003 and 2004. Farm records on the reproductive and mortality rates for year 2003, 2004 and 2005 were also reviewed. The sera were screened for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using the latex agglutination test (LAT), Chlamydophila abortus with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Brucella abortus using the buffered plate agglutination test (BPAT). Farm records revealed that for the period 2003-2005, the average kid per doe rate decreased from 2.1 to 1.5, the mortality rate increased from 6.3% in 2002 to 19.4% in 2004 and the fertility rate decreased from 98-99% (2002-2004) to 89% (2005). There was a dramatic increase in the abortion rate from <1% (2002, 2003 and 2004) to 29.2% (2005). Of a total of 161 sera tested comprising 12 from 2003, 89 from 2004 and 70 from 2005, 0 (0.0%), 21 (23.6%) and 45 (64.3%) were positive for T. gondii agglutinins (i.e. titres > or =1 : 64) and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05; chi(2)). Of all serum samples tested, only 1 (1.1%) of 89 from 2004 was positive for C. abortus while all the sera tested were negative for B. abortus. Amongst the 24 does which aborted in 2005 and were available for testing in mid-2005, 15 (62.5%) had reciprocal titres of > or =1 : 2048, three (12.5%) each had titres of 1 : 1024, 1 : 256 and < or =1 : 16 i.e. negative. The seroprevalence and titres of does that aborted, 20 (87.0%) of 23, all with titres > or =1 : 256 suggesting current infection, were statistically significantly (P < 0.05; chi(2)) higher than was detected amongst does that delivered normal kids, 25 (53.25) of 47 with 22 (48.8%) having titres of > or =1 : 256. One (50.0%) of two cats caught and tested was seropositive with a reciprocal titre of 128. This is considered the first documentation of T. gondii agglutinins in caprine abortion as well the detection of C. abortus antibodies from livestock in Trinidad. It is concluded that of the three zoonotic abortifacient pathogens tested for, T. gondii appeared to have played some aetiological role in the abortion epidemic investigated.     

Abortion in small ruminants in Switzerland: investigations during two lambing seasons (1996-1998) with special regard to chlamydial abortions

Abortion cases of 144 goats und 86 sheep were investigated etiologically during 2 lambing seasons (1996/1997, 1997/1998). Macroscopic inspection of fetus and placenta was completed by histopathology and bacteriological isolation of agents. In addition, immunohistologically the following antigens were labeled in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections: Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Chlamydophila abortus (formerly Chlamydia psittaci serovar 1) and Border Disease Virus. From farms with abortions caused by Chlamydophila abortus specific data were recorded. In 75% of abortion cases in sheep and in 59% of cases in goats an etiologic diagnosis could be substantiated. Chlamydophila abortus is the most commonly involved agent in the etiology of caprine and ovine abortion (sheep 39%, goats 23%), followed by Toxoplasma gondii (sheep 19%, goats 15%) and Coxiella burnetti (sheep 1%, goats 10%). All other agents are of minor importance. An infectious cause of abortion based on histopathologic findings without isolation of agents was observed in sheep (10%) and goats (21%). Malformation occurred in sheep (2%) and goats (3%) and lesions suggestive for Vitamin E/Selenium deficiency were seen in goats only (2%).