饲料中硒含量对方格星虫稚虫生长、体成分、组织硒含量及相关酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料中硒含量对方格星虫(Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus)稚虫生长、体成分、组织硒含量及相关酶活性的影响。选取平均体重为(16.12±0.26)mg的方格星虫稚虫苗种7 200条,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复400条。此6组方格星虫稚虫分别饲喂饲料中硒含量为0.19、0.37、0.63、0.82、1.06和1.29 mg/kg的饲料8周。结果表明:饲料中硒含量对方格星虫稚虫增重率、特定生长率和成活率都有显著的影响(P0.05)。增重率和特定生长率随着饲料中硒含量的增加而上升,在1.29 mg/kg组达到最大,但成活率在此组则最低。饲料中硒含量对虫体的粗脂肪含量有显著影响(P0.05),虫体粗脂肪含量随着饲料中硒含量的增加而增加。虫体的水分、粗灰分和粗蛋白质含量各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。饲料中硒含量对体壁和虫体硒含量都有显著影响(P0.05),两者都随着饲料中硒含量的增加而增加。此外,饲料中硒含量的变化还对虫体谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶的活性有显著影响(P0.05),其中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性随着饲料中硒含量的增加而提高,而谷胱甘肽还原酶的活性随着饲料中硒含量的增加而降低。由此得出,饲料中适宜含量的硒可以促进方格星虫稚虫的生长,从而增加方格星虫的养殖产量。     

硒代蛋氨酸对条纹锯鮨生长性能、组织硒含量、抗氧化能力及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料中添加硒代蛋氨酸(Se-Met)对条纹锯鮨生长性能、组织硒含量、抗氧化能力及血清生化指标的影响。选取初始体重为(81.62±0.75) g的健康条纹锯鮨幼鱼540尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾。各组分别投喂硒含量为0.09、0.21、0.44、0.58、0.77和1.05 mg/kg的试验饲料。试验期8周。结果表明:1)饲料硒含量为0.58 mg/kg组的终末体重和增重率最高,显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。饲料硒含量为0.58 mg/kg组的饲料系数最低,显著低于饲料硒含量为0.09、0.77和1.05 mg/kg组(P0.05)。2)饲料硒含量为0.77 mg/kg组的肌肉粗脂肪含量最高,显著高于除饲料硒含量为0.58 mg/kg组的其他各组(P 0.05)。饲料硒含量为0.44 mg/kg组的肌肉粗灰分含量最高,显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。3)饲料硒含量为0.77 mg/kg组的肝脏中硒含量显著高于饲料硒含量为0.09、0.21和0.44 mg/kg组(P0.05)。饲料硒含量为0.58 mg/kg组的血清中硒含量最高,显著高于饲料硒含量为0.09、0.21、0.44和1.05 mg/kg组(P0.05)。4)饲料硒含量为1.05 mg/kg组的血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。饲料硒含量为0.58 mg/kg组的血清谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性最高,显著高于饲料硒含量为0.77和1.05 mg/kg组。饲料硒含量为0.58 mg/kg组的血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性最高,显著高于饲料硒含量为0.09、0.21和1.05 mg/kg组(P0.05)。饲料硒含量为1.05 mg/kg组的血清谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)活性最高,显著高于饲料硒含量为0.09、0.21、0.44和0.58 mg/kg组(P0.05)。5)饲料硒含量为0.09 mg/kg组的肝脏GPx活性最低,显著低于饲料硒含量为0. 44、0. 58和0. 77 mg/kg组(P 0. 05)。饲料硒含量为0.09 mg/kg组的肝脏GR活性最低,显著低于饲料硒含量为0. 44、0. 58和1. 05 mg/kg组(P 0.05)。饲料硒含量为0.09 mg/kg组的肝脏GST活性最高,显著高于饲料硒含量为0.44、0.58、0.77和1.05 mg/kg组(P0.05)。饲料硒含量为0.77 mg/kg组的肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性最高,显著高于饲料硒含量为0.09和1.05 mg/kg组(P0.05)。饲料硒含量为0.44 mg/kg组的肝脏CAT活性最高,显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。6)饲料硒含量为0.58 mg/kg组的血清总蛋白含量最高,显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。饲料硒含量为0.58 mg/kg组的血清总胆固醇含量最高,显著高于饲料硒含量为0. 09、0. 21和0. 44 mg/kg组(P 0. 05)。饲料硒含量为0.77 mg/kg组的血清免疫球蛋白M含量和溶菌酶活性最高,显著高于饲料硒含量为0.09、0.21、0.44和1.05 mg/kg组(P0.05)。以增重率、肝脏中硒含量、血清溶菌酶活性为评价指标,通过二次曲线分析得出条纹锯鮨对硒的适宜需求量分别为0.62、0.92、0.72 mg/kg,可见饲料中硒的适宜含量为0.62~0.92 mg/kg。     

宁夏牛“猝死症”高发病区黄牛补硒试验效果观察

在宁夏严重缺硒、牛“猝死症”病死率高的地区,采用硒缓释弹丸、市售含硒饲料添加剂、自制作含硒饲料添加地黄牛进行补硒试验,补硒后５０ｄ、９０ｄ测定各组全血硒值和全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性。结果表明,自制含硒饲料添加剂补硒效果最佳,以每日口服７．８３ｍｇ亚硒酸钠最理想。     

浙江省饲料中硒含量分布情况调查

<正> 我国土地辽阔,气候和地形条件都较复杂。因此,从动物的微量元素硒的营养角度出发,对各地区饲料牧草中硒含量分布进行较详细地普查,是进一步发展我国畜牧业的一项重要基础工作。我们对浙江省进行饲料含硒量分布调查,结果证明浙江省仍属一低硒区,并在省内发现-包括十余个县范围的明显的严重缺硒带(饲料硒含量≤0.02ppm)。嵊县太平公社曾有猪的缺硒报导与我们普查该地区饲料中硒平均含量为严重缺硒的结果(即0.016ppm)相一致。现把浙江省普查情况详述于后。     

猪硒中毒的防治

1 硒的合理注射和添加 不管是饲料性硒中毒还是非饲料性硒中毒,均是由于额外对猪进行硒添加不当所造成的。所以,在对饲料进行硒的添加时,必须考虑饲料原料的硒含量问题。据测定,常见饲草、料中,硒的含量为0．05～0．10mg／kg,但要受土壤硒水平的影响。而土壤中硒含量,因地区不同差异相当大。     

饲料硒含量对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、抗氧化能力和脂肪代谢基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料中硒含量对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、抗氧化能力和脂肪代谢基因表达的影响。选用初始体重为(2.12±0.01)g的黄颡鱼幼鱼450尾,随机分为6组,每组设3个重复,每个重复25尾幼鱼,分别投喂硒含量0.05(对照组)、0.15、0.23、0.35、0.47和0.96 mg/kg的6种等氮等脂试验饲料,饲养期为8周。结果显示:黄颡鱼的增重率随着饲料硒含量的升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在饲料硒含量为0.23 mg/kg时达到最高,显著高于对照组(P0.05)。饲料系数的变化趋势与增重率相反,在饲料硒含量为0.23 mg/kg时达到最低,显著低于对照组(P0.05)。存活率各组均为100%。全鱼粗蛋白质含量在饲料硒含量为0.35 mg/kg的组最高,显著高于对照组和饲料硒含量为0.23 mg/kg的组(P0.05)。对照组全鱼粗脂肪含量显著低于饲料硒含量为0.15、0.47和0.96 mg/kg的组(P0.05),而对照组全鱼水分含量则显著高于饲料硒含量为0.15、0.35、0.47和0.96 mg/kg的组(P0.05)。血浆胆固醇含量在饲料硒含量为0.23 mg/kg的组最低,显著低于对照组(P0.05)。全鱼硒含量和肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性随着饲料硒含量的增加而升高,二者与饲料硒含量呈正剂量效应关系。肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性随着饲料硒含量由0.05 mg/kg升高到0.47 mg/kg表现为先升高再降低,而后在饲料硒含量为0.96 mg/kg时又出现升高。对照组肝脏脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)和脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)mRNA的相对表达量显著低于饲料硒含量为0.23 mg/kg的组(P0.05)。以增重率为评价指标,通过非线性回归分析计算出黄颡鱼幼鱼饲料中硒的适宜含量为0.20 mg/kg。     

黄犊牛腹泻与草料矿物维生素含量的研究

淮地区黄牛的饲草饲料中，钙、磷、铁、锌、硒、维生素Ｅ维生素Ｄ含量的测定结果表明，各种饲草饲料中硒含量较低，均属低硒饲草饲料，且硒与维生素Ｅ呈正相关，钙、磷比例严重失调，锌含量偏低。这一结果对探讨黄犊牛腹泻的病因有一定指导意义。     

黄犊牛腹泻与草料矿物质维生素含量的研究

淮北地区黄牛的饲草饲料中，钙、磷、铁、锌、硒、维生素E和维生素D含量的测定结果表明，各种饲草饲料中硒含量较低，均属低硒饲草饲料，且硒与维生素E呈正相关（r＝0.72），钙、磷比例严重失调，锌含量偏低。这一结果对探讨黄犊牛腹泻的病因有一定指导意义。     

猪地方性硒中毒的预防措施

恩施州猪硒中毒是因饲料饲草硒过量所致 ,而高硒饲料饲草来源于高硒土壤。在煤烟污染型硒中毒区 ,高硒石煤出露是形成高硒土壤的基础[1] ,当地用石煤熏火土肥显著增加了土壤硒含量 ,以致饲料饲草硒含量显著升高 ,而将饲料贮存于室内高浓度空气硒的环境中 ,则进一步增加了硒含量     

羔羊白肌病的诊断与防治

1病因分析本病的发病原因主要是饲料中缺乏足量的维生素E和微量元素硒。另外,饲料内含锌、钴、钒等微量元素过高,会影响羊体对硒的吸收和利用。当饲草、饲料内硒的含量小于0.1毫克/千克时,即可引发硒缺乏症。临诊发现,一般均是由于饲草、饲料内硒的含量低于标准量而引发羔羊白肌病。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.