猪瘟诊断方法的研究进展

猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒引起的一种急性、发热性、接触性传染病,可引起各种年龄猪发病。随着对猪瘟病毒研究的深入,猪瘟在一定程度上得到了有效控制。但是近年来,世界各国流行的猪瘟在流行病学、临床症状和病理变化等方面出现了一些新的变化,猪瘟的防控出现了许多新的情况。我国猪瘟的发病率亦呈上升趋势,严重威胁着我国养猪业的发展,给养猪业造成了极大的经济损失。因此,建立准确的实验室诊断方法,对于预防和控制猪瘟有重要意义。本文综述了猪瘟诊断技术方面的研究进展,为猪瘟的及时诊断提供参考。     

我国猪瘟流行新特点与疫苗研究

猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒（CSFV）引起的一种严重危害我国养猪业的烈性传染病。经过多年的努力,我们已经成功的控制了猪瘟在我国大范围的暴发流行。然而,近些年来猪瘟在我国出现了一些新的流行动向值得我们特别关注。疫苗免疫一直是控制猪瘟最为有效的方法。     

我国猪瘟流行新特点与疫苗研究

猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒（CSFV）引起的一种严重危害我国养猪业的烈性传染病。经过多年的努力，我们已经成功的控制了猪瘟在我国大范围的暴发流行。然而，近些年来猪瘟在我国出现了一些新的流行动向值得我们特别关注。疫苗免疫一直是控制猪瘟最为有效的方法。     

哺乳仔猪猪瘟的诊断和防控

猪瘟是一种由猪瘟病毒引起的高度接触性传染病,是目前影响我国养猪业最严重的传染病之一〔1,2〕。近几年养猪业的不断发展,猪瘟在不少地方仍不断发生和流行,特别是由于非典型猪瘟和温和性猪瘟的出现,猪瘟的流行病学、临床表现、病理变化方面发生了很大变化,     

浅谈规模化猪场猪瘟的综合防控措施

猪瘟是一种由猪瘟病毒引起的高度接触性传染病,该病流行广泛,是影响我国养猪业的主要传染病之一.本文通过描述猪瘟的病原体、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断方法及综合防控措施等内容,为养殖工作者提供参考.     

猪瘟病毒流行特征及诊断方法研究进展

猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒引起的一种极为严重的传染病,给养猪业带来了巨大的经济损失。本文在论述猪瘟病毒流行特点的基础上,评述了各种诊断方法的优缺点,并提出了猪瘟诊断方法的发展趋势。     

荧光定量PCR技术在猪瘟病毒定量检测中的应用

正猪瘟(Classical swine fever,CSF)是由猪瘟病毒(Classical swine fever virus,CSFV)引起的一种急性、热性和高度接触性传染病~([1]),该病流行范围广、致死率高、危害性大,是目前危害我国养猪业的头号杀手~([2])。近年来我国猪瘟发病趋势出现了明显的变化,发病率明显降低的同时出现了所谓的非典型猪瘟、温和型猪瘟和无名高热综合征等~([3]),使猪瘟野毒感染的临床诊断以及猪瘟强毒株与疫苗毒的鉴别诊断变得非常困难但又十分必要,亟待建立一种可以准确鉴别诊断猪瘟病毒强毒株敏感而特异的检测方法。同     

关于目前我国猪瘟的防控问题

正猪瘟对养猪业的发展危害极大,被世界动物卫生组织列为A类传染病。我国在防控猪瘟疫病中取得了瞩目的成就,为全球防控猪瘟作出了重大贡献。但近些年来我国猪瘟的发生与流行出现了一些新情况与新问题,应引起重视。本文就目前有关防控猪瘟的问题谈点个人意见,仅供养猪场参考。1目前我国猪瘟主要的流行病毒株猪瘟病毒(CSFV)属于黄病毒科瘟病毒属成员[本属还含有牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)和绵羊边界     

猪瘟病毒实验室检测方法研究进展

正猪瘟(Classical swine fever,CSF)是由猪瘟病毒(Classical swine fever virus,CSFV)引起的一种急性、热性和高度接触性传染病,猪瘟的发病率和死亡率都很高,是目前危害我国养猪业的重要病毒性传染病之一[1]。多年来,我国自主研发的猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗,对猪瘟的防控起到了重要作用。但随着养猪业规模化的快速发展,猪瘟出现新的变异和非典型的临床症状,综合防控难度逐步增加,给猪瘟的实验室诊断提出了更高要求。鉴于此,笔者查阅大量相关资料,对猪瘟病     

猪瘟诊断技术的研究现状及展望

猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒(CSFV)引起的一种高度接触性传染病,对养猪业危害严重.为更好地选择一种合适、简便、特异的检测手段,以及对猪瘟诊断方法标准化的研究提供参考,现将猪瘟的诊断方法作一综述.……     

Virulence of recent and former classical swine fever virus isolates evaluated by their clinical and pathological signs

The clinical diagnosis of classical swine fever (CSF) still caused problems to the veterinarians during the last decade. The primary CSF outbreak was often detected too late and, meanwhile, the virus had spread. Consequently, the recent classical swine fever virus isolates (CSFV) were suspected to be of low virulence. The purpose of the study was to quantify the virulence of four recent CSFV by evaluating the clinical and pathological signs caused by different CSFV. Pigs of the same breed and age group were inoculated intranasally with CSFV from recent epidemics in European Union (EU) member states. The CSFV used are registered in the data base of the EU Reference Laboratory for CSF and belong to different genotypes: 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 respectively. Clinical signs of CSF were evaluated by using a score system suggested previously (Mittelholzer et al., 2000: Vet. Microbiol. 74, 293). For the evaluation of pathological lesions, a new pathological score was introduced. The four CSFV tested here were classified as moderately virulent in general, although one CSFV may cause different clinical courses, ranging from highly virulent to avirulent. This indicates the importance of additional factors in the host animal for virulence. Differences in the clinical and pathological signs between these four recent CSFV were rather minor, emphasizing that the genetic typing of CSFV is absolutely essential. Differences towards former CSFV (e.g. reference virus strain Alfort 187) were more pronounced, especially regarding the onset and duration of the disease, the occurrence of skin haemorrhages and pathological lesions of kidney, subcutis and serosae. It is concluded that clinical diagnosis of CSF is rather difficult in pigs up to 14 days post-CSFV infection using these four CSFV, emphasizing the need for careful differential diagnosis and the laboratory investigation for CSF at an early stage.     

Limited BVDV transmission and full protection against CSFV transmission in pigs experimentally infected with BVDV type 1b

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in pigs may interfere with the detection and epidemiology of classical swine fever virus (CSFV). To investigate the importance of BVDV infections in pigs, first we studied the transmission dynamics of a recent BVDV field isolate. Subsequently, the protection of BVD antibodies against transmission and clinical disease of CSF virus was studied. Only limited transmission of BVDV occurred (R = 0.20), while no CSFV transmission occurred in pigs with BVDV antibodies. We concluded that BVDV transmission among pigs is possible, but seems to be limited and thus the virus should disappear from a population if no new introductions occur. Furthermore, the presence of BVD antibodies may completely prevent the transmission of CSFV and therefore could protect pigs against classical swine fever. It was also noticed that double infections with BVDV and CSFV were incorrectly diagnosed using the neutralization peroxidase linked assay (NPLA), which is the golden standard for antibody detection. This might hamper the diagnosis of CSF in herds with a high BVD prevalence.     

猪瘟病毒及其致病机制研究进展

猪瘟(CSF)是猪的一种高度接触性传染病,该传染病可分为急性、亚急性、慢性、非典型性和不明显型.急性CSF由强毒株引发,一般导致高发病率和死亡率,而弱毒病毒感染则表现不明显.由于疫苗的广泛应用,有效地控制了猪瘟的大流行,减少了急性死亡.但从20世纪80年代以后,临床症状不典型且病程变长的非典型性猪瘟(或慢性猪瘟)成为该病的主要发生形式,持续感染普遍存在,疫苗的预防效果明显下降,使猪瘟防制遇到了新的困难.以目前人类对猪瘟的认识水平,尚难以从分子水平解释这一新变化的成因,这是因为对猪瘟病毒致病机理及其分子基础的认识深度不够.就此,文章综述了猪瘟及猪瘟病毒研究进展,主要涉及CSFV生物学特性、致病机制及其防控,希望能为猪瘟防控提供新的思路和对策.     

A promising multiple-epitope recombinant vaccine against classical swine fever virus

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious and often fatal disease of swine. It is caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV), one of the members of the genus Pestivirus of the Flaviviridae family. The development of a safe and effective vaccine against the CSF is critical to pandemic control, this article shows a tandem-repeat multiple-epitope recombinant vaccine can protect pigs from CSFV challenge. That was composed as following: two copies each of glycoprotein E2 residues 693–707, 241–276 and 770–781, and two copies amino acid residues 1446–1460 of the non-structural protein NS2-3. In the challenge test, all of the swine vaccinated with Chinese vaccine strain (C-strain) were fully protected from a challenge with CSFV. However, after three successive vaccinations with the multiple-epitope recombinant vaccine, three out of five pigs were protected from challenge with CSFV (in terms of both clinical signs and viremia). These results demonstrate that multiple-epitope recombinant vaccine which carrying the major CSFV epitopes can induce a high level of epitope-specific antibodies and exhibit a protective capability that parallels induced by C-strain to a certain extent.     

表达猪瘟病毒E2蛋白的重组腺病毒对猪的免疫效力评价

为了进一步验证含有猪瘟病毒E2基因的重组腺病毒（rAdV—E2）在猪体上的免疫效力,将rAdV—E2按108TCID50／头接种猪2次,同时用野生型腺病毒wtAdV作为阴性对照,当抗体上升到一定程度后用致死剂量的猪瘟强毒石门株进行攻击。结果表明,rAdV—E2免疫组（n=5）所有免疫猪在加强免疫后均产生了猪瘟特异性中和抗体,并于加强免疫后3w达到峰值,攻毒后所有猪只抗体迅速升高,除了一头猪短期体温升高外,未出现任何其它临床症状;而野生型腺病毒wtAdV免疫组（n=5）猪只在攻毒前一直没有检出特异性抗体,攻毒后全部出现典型的猪瘟临床症状和严重的病毒血症,剖检时可见典型猪瘟病理变化。这表明构建的猪瘟病毒E2基因重组腺病毒rAdV—E2免疫猪后产生了很好的免疫效果,有望成为具有开发价值的活载体疫苗。     

The influence of maternal immunity on the efficacy of a classical swine fever vaccine against classical swine fever virus,genogroup 2.2, infection

In Thailand, where vaccination is routinely employed, there has been an increased incidence of chronic classical swine fever (CSF) outbreaks during the past decade. The major causative virus has been identified to be the moderate virulence, classical swine fever virus (CSFV) of the genogroup 2.2. An investigation was made into the efficacy of a CSF vaccine against this genogroup 2.2 challenge. Five-week-old pigs, grouped by their level of passive antibody titer were immunized with lapinized Chinese-strain CSF vaccine and challenged with CSFV genogroup 2.2, 13 days after vaccination. The group containing passive titers of lower than 64 at the time of immunization, had significantly higher number of CSFV-specific IFN-gamma secreting cells and was completely protected against the challenge. Interestingly, both cellular and antibody responses were inhibited in the pigs with the higher passive titer. Furthermore, following challenge, CSFV could be isolated from 50% of the pigs in this group. It was demonstrated that the CSF vaccine could induce complete protection in pigs, provided that the maternal derived titer at the time of vaccination was lower than 64. The result implied that an increase in CSFV outbreaks might be due to the inappropriate timing of vaccination as well as the nature of the CSFV genogroup 2.2.     

Generation and efficacy evaluation of a recombinant adenovirus expressing the E2 protein of classical swine fever virus

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is the causative agent of classical swine fever (CSF), which causes significant economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. The E2 glycoprotein of CSFV is the main target for neutralizing antibodies. This study was aimed to develop a recombinant human adenovirus type 5 expressing the CSFV E2 gene (rAdV-E2) and evaluate its efficacy in rabbits and pigs. The results showed that the rabbits and the pigs immunized with the rAdV-E2 developed high-level CSFV-specific neutralizing antibodies. The rAdV-E2-immunized rabbits were protected from fever induced by infection with C-strain, which is pathogenic to the rabbit, and the rAdV-E2-immunized pigs were protected from lethal challenge with highly virulent Shimen strain. This indicates that the recombinant adenovirus can be an attractive candidate vaccine for preventing CSF.     

Recent advances in the development of recombinant vaccines against classical swine fever virus: cellular responses also play a role in protection

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is the causative agent of one of the most devastating porcine haemorrhagic viral diseases, classical swine fever (CSF). CSFV mainly infects endothelial cells and macrophages and at the same time promotes bystander apoptosis of the surrounding T cells, causing strong immune suppression and high mortality rates. Most animals experience acute infection, during which they either die or survive by producing neutralising antibodies to the virus. However, in a few cases, the impaired immune system cannot control viral progression, leading to chronic infection. Efficient live attenuated vaccines against CSFV exist and are routinely used only in endemic countries. The ability of these vaccines to replicate in the host, even at very low rates, makes it extremely difficult to distinguish vaccinated from infected animals, favouring a restricted policy regarding vaccination against CSFV in non-endemic countries. There is a clear need for efficient and safer marker vaccines to assist in the control of future CSF outbreaks. In this review article, some of the most recent advances in the field of recombinant vaccines against CSFV are presented and the nature of the protective immune responses they induce is discussed.     

猪圆环病毒2型感染对猪瘟疫苗体液免疫应答的影响

采用ELISA方法对单独接种猪瘟疫苗组(CSFV组,n=3)、PCV2感染且出现病毒血症后接种猪瘟疫苗组(PCV2/CSFV组,n=3)及PCV2感染同时接种猪瘟疫苗组(CSFV/PCV2组,n=3)不同时相血清中的猪瘟抗体进行检测;并对PCV2感染对照组(PCV2组)及PCV2/CSFV和CSFV/PCV2组血清中PCV2特异的抗体和核酸分别进行ELISA和PCR检测.结果表明,在接种后52 d CSFV组血清中抗体的阻断值显著高于CSFV/PCV2组(P<0.05);接种后42 d和52 d CSFV组平均抗体效价明显高于PCV2/CSFV和CSFV/PCV2组,其中在52 d CSFV组抗体阳性率这100%(3/3)而PCV2/CSFV和CSFV/PCV2在相应时相抗体阳性率仅为67%(2/3).结果提示PCV2感染可在一定程度上抑制猪瘟疫苗特异性的抗体反应.