牛羊布鲁氏菌病人畜感染及防控调查报告

以问卷形式调查张家川县养殖农户和畜牧兽医从业人员对布鲁氏菌病及其防护措施的知晓率。结果表明:布鲁氏菌病防控总体知晓率为82.25%～92.04%,畜间具体症状表现、防控手段、消毒防护措施的知晓率为62.04%～66.94%,人间高险人群、患者症状、行为干预和认知程度知晓率为31.02%～60.90%。     

2010—2016 年湖南省长沙市布鲁氏菌病流行形势

为了解湖南省长沙市布鲁氏菌病流行状况,对2010—2016年长沙市布鲁氏菌病监测数据和流行病学调查资料进行整理,分析布鲁氏菌病的流行因素和近年来的流行趋势。结果显示：长沙市近7年的动物布鲁氏菌病总平均群体阳性率和个体阳性率分别为4.96%、2.90%;人布鲁氏菌病与动物布鲁氏菌病发病趋势一致,与地区分布相吻合。同时,分析了造成长沙市布鲁氏菌病没有实现净化的原因,提出了相应的防控建议。     

甘肃省近十年羊布鲁氏菌病血清学监测

依据2005—2014年甘肃省羊布鲁氏菌病的血清学监测结果,发现近10年来甘肃省平均羊布鲁氏菌阳性率为1.12%,近5年的检出阳性数量呈直线上升趋势,且以散养户检出的数量最多;人间病例数量与畜间病例数量呈正相关。本文分析了甘肃省羊布鲁氏菌病阳性率快速上升的主要原因和发生的主要风险因素,并提出了防控建议。     

2004—2015年甘肃省人间布鲁氏菌病与气象因素的相关性

为探索甘肃省气象因素与人间布鲁氏菌病发生之间的相关性,找出主要影响因素,以有效防控布鲁氏菌病,收集2004—2015年甘肃省月气象监测数据和布鲁氏菌病月发病数据,通过SPSS 20.0软件进行主成分分析,提取与布鲁氏菌病发生有关的主要气象因素。结果显示:2004—2015年,甘肃省布鲁氏菌病年发病数呈逐年增长趋势;在纳入分析的气象因素中,平均气温与和降水量均与布鲁氏菌病发生率呈正相关,且P<0.05。结果表明,平均气温和降水量是影响甘肃省布鲁氏菌病发生的主要气象因素,均对布鲁氏菌病发病率存在正向作用。因此,随时监测气候变化,及早预警,对控制布鲁氏菌病发生有一定的积极意义。     

2016—2018年湖北省宜昌市羊布鲁氏菌病净化效果监测

湖北省宜昌市2016年全面启动了羊布鲁氏菌病净化工作。为掌握该市羊布鲁氏菌病净化效果,2016—2018年对宜昌市所有的95 999个羊养殖场(户),共采集1 059 146份血清样品进行了检测,结果检出阳性场群65个,场群阳性率为0.067%,检出阳性样品448份,个体阳性率为0.042%。2016—2018年,宜昌市羊场群阳性率从0.101%下降到0.019%,个体阳性率从0.061%下降到0.011%。结果表明,宜昌市2016年启动的羊布鲁氏菌病净化工作成效明显,已进入净化维持阶段。相关性分析显示,人间与羊间的布鲁氏菌病发生表现正相关性,说明畜间布鲁氏菌病的预防和控制具有重要的公共卫生意义。今后应按照方案要求,继续推进羊布鲁氏菌病净化工作,尽快建成全国首个市州级布鲁氏菌病净化区。     

2013-2017年甘肃省河西5市牛羊布鲁氏菌病监测分析

甘肃省河西地区5市是牛羊布鲁氏菌病高发区,2015年检出阳性率高达1.87%。2015年以来通过采取以监测、扑杀为主的综合防控措施,取得了良好的防控效果,5市19个县(区、市)阳性率由2015年的1.87%下降到2017年的0.33%。阳性率明显下降。散养户检出阳性率高于规模场和其他场点,人畜间布鲁氏菌病感染发病具有相关性。本文综合分析了河西5市牛羊布鲁氏菌病上升原因和风险因素,提出综合防控建议。     

2015-2020年湖北省襄阳市羊布鲁氏菌病净化效果监测

本研究对湖北省襄阳市2015-2020年羊养殖场(户)的布鲁氏菌病净化工作进行了监测。累计监测34 678个养殖场,共检2 065 602份血清样品,检出阳性场群627个,平均场群阳性率为1.81%;检出阳性样品7 189份,平均个体阳性率为0.35%。2015年襄阳市羊场群阳性率最高(10.58%),随后逐年下降,2020年下降到0.18%;个体阳性率从1.37%(2015年)下降到0.01%(2020年)。人间与羊间的布鲁氏菌病相关性分析显示,两者之间呈现明显的正相关性,随着羊间布鲁氏菌病的下降,人感染布鲁氏菌病的病例也明显减少。结果表明:襄阳市2015年启动的羊布鲁氏菌病净化工作成效显著,今后应按照方案要求,继续推进羊布鲁氏菌病净化工作。     

湖南省新化县高风险区羊布鲁氏菌病横断面研究及活羊流通网络调查

湖南省新化县近几年动物布鲁氏菌病疫情和人间病例不断增多。为掌握新化县羊群布鲁氏菌病的群体流行率,了解饲养场户、贩运户和经销商对该病的知晓情况以及羊贩运户和经销商的一般经济行为,寻找养殖环节中导致布鲁氏菌感染的风险因素,应用流行病学方法,以新化县10个乡镇现存栏羊15只以上的养殖场户为研究对象,第一阶段以场户为单位,以估计流行率为目的,以名单为抽样框,随机抽样;第二阶段在群内选择个体,以发现疫病为目的,随机或基于风险采样。将采集的血清样品,采用虎红平板凝集和竞争酶联免疫吸附垂直试验进行检测。重点调查出现动物布鲁氏菌病疫情和人间病例乡镇的养殖场,以及活羊贩运经纪人和经销商等从业人员,掌握羊群布鲁氏菌病流行情况和活羊流通情况。调查结果显示:新化县高风险区存栏羊15只以上养殖场户的羊布鲁氏菌病流行率为0(95%CI:0～2.8%);新化县羊养殖场户以小规模自繁自养为主,一般放牧于自家附近山头;出栏羊主要在县内流通,养殖场户内生物安全防护措施不到位;养殖场户的布鲁氏菌病总体知晓率为80.6%,屠宰零售商为15.2%,贩运经纪人为25.0%,职业人群自我防护差;活羊调入以省外为主,冬季调运频繁,主要流向屠宰终端,经纪人在流通环节中充当重要角色。调查结果提示:应加强活羊流通领域的检疫监管,特别是冬季,要提高监测频次;当地需坚持实行"监测+扑杀"的综合防控策略,持续开展布鲁氏菌病相关的健康宣教和行为干预,重点针对屠宰经销商和经纪人,以提高职业人群的预防意识,培养其良好的职业行为和习惯。本研究为新化县布鲁氏菌病防控提供了依据,也为全国布鲁氏菌病防控积累了经验。     

2012-2016年江苏省牲畜布鲁氏菌病监测结果分析

为掌握本省牲畜布病的流行现状和发展趋势,2012~2016年,连续5年用试管凝集试验对全省所有存栏奶牛的血清及部分其他品种牛、羊、猪的血清进行了布鲁氏菌病监测,共监测血清703776份,阳性1192份,阳性率0.17%;2007-2013年监测阳性率分别为0.11%、0.28%、0.12%、0.19%和0.14%.监测结果表明:全省布鲁氏菌病监测阳性率总体较低,呈现良好的低位波动态势;不同动物品种间布鲁氏菌病监测阳性率差异较大;不同类型场点间布鲁氏菌病阳性率表现出随饲养管理水平提高而下降的特征.     

基于指数平滑法对羊布鲁氏菌病的预测分析

利用时间序列模型预测未来两年新疆乌鲁木齐市羊布鲁氏菌病的流行趋势,为制定合适的防控措施提供依据。针对新疆乌鲁木齐市2012～2017年羊布鲁氏菌病监测数据,利用Holt双参数指数平滑法建立时间序列模型,预测未来两年羊布鲁氏菌病的发病趋势。结果表明:Holt双参数指数平滑法能够较好地拟合出乌鲁木齐市羊布鲁氏菌病检测阳性率的变化趋势,平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)为0.013%,预测出2018～2019年羊布鲁氏菌病的检测阳性率分别为1.02%(95%CI:0.25%～4.18%)和1.51%(95%CI:0.04%～54.94%)。Holt双参数指数平滑法模型可用于短期预测羊布鲁氏菌病检测阳性率的变化趋势。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.