溢多酶与柠檬酸结合对断奶仔猪生产性能及猪舍粪臭的影响

选择体重、生理状况、断奶日龄基本一致的杜＊荣二元杂交断奶仔猪５０头,随机分成对照组和试验组,采用单因子设计,研究在断奶仔猪日粮中添加溢多酶和柠檬酸对其生产性能及粪臭的影响,结果表明：试验组比对照组平均日增重提高８．８２％（Ｐ〈０．０５）,饲料报酬提高５％;饲料干物质消化率提高２．５１％（Ｐ〈０．０１）,粗蛋白消化率提高６．４９％（Ｐ〈０．０１）,磷的消化率提高１０．８９％（Ｐ〈０．０１）;试验猪舍     

寡聚糖对仔猪生长性能影响的研究

通过对哺乳仔猪和断奶仔猪饲料中,添加不同量的寡聚饲喂试验。结果表明：在仔猪哺乳期,添加１％寡聚糖能显著降低仔猪腹泻率（Ｐ〈０．０５）,但对仔猪日增重和采食量无显著影响;仔猪断奶后,添加０．１％寡聚糖能显著提高仔猪日增重和饲料报酬（Ｐ〈０．０５）,。减少腹泻率提高饲喂效果。建议在断奶仔猪饲料中添加０．１％寡聚糖,可获较好饲喂效果和效益。     

饲料酸化剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

以玉米－豆粕－鱼粉型日粮饲喂,试验研究不同酸化剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响,试验结果：柠檬酸组、磷酸组、得卡肥组与对照组相比,断奶仔猪日增重分别提高了７．４６％（Ｐ〈０．０５）、４．４８％（Ｐ〉０．０５）和１３．９３％（Ｐ〈０．０１）,饲料报酬分别提高２．９１％（Ｐ〉０．０５）、１．１６％（Ｐ〉０．０５）和５．２３％（Ｐ〈０．０５）,腹泻率分别降低４８．８９％、４２．２３％和６０％,死亡率分别降低８     

仔猪断奶腹泻及断奶前期限饲对增重的影响

开展了对３６窝２９７头断乳仔猪腹泻频率及断奶前期限饲对增重的影响试验。试验表明,仔猪多在断奶后３～４天开始腹泻,６～９天腹泻达到高峰,三周内腹泻面可达７９．３％;２３．６％的仔猪在断奶后一周内失重,平均日增重为－５１．６克;不同腹泻频率对仔猪后期增重差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）;仔猪断奶始重（Ｘ１）和前期日增重（Ｘ２）对保育期全程日增重（ｙ）相关极显著（ｒ１＝０．２５９,ｒ２＝０．４５９,Ｐ〈０．０１）,经回归分析,回归关系显著（ｙ＝２１４．３１＋１５．９５Ｘ１,ｙ＝３３９．２＋０．４８Ｘ２,Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

复合酶制剂对生长猪的生产性能和养分消化性的影响

选择３５日龄断奶体重在９ｋｇ左右的长大一元杂交仔猪２４头,随机分成２组,研究添加复合酶制剂对生长猪生产性能的影响。选择体重在３５ｋｇ～４０ｋｇ６头阉公猪采用全收粪法进行消化试验,研究复合酶制剂对日粮养分表观消化率的影响。试验结果表明,添加酶制剂能显著提高生长猪的生产性能和日粮养分的表现消化率,与对照组相比,日增重提高８．２９％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,饲料转化率提高８．８９％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,粗纤维表观消化率提高３６．７６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,粗蛋白质表现消化率提高１７．２３％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,干物质表现消化率提高９．７５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

断奶仔猪色氨酸需求参数的研究

试验选取６０头体重约８ｋｇ的三元杂交（杜×（大×长））断奶仔猪,随机分为５组,每组２个重复,分别饲喂色氨酸水平为０．１３０％、０．１５５％、０．１８０％、０．２０５％和０．２３０％的玉米———玉米蛋白粉型饲粮,以探讨断奶仔猪对色氨酸的需求参数。结果表明,在０．１３０％～０．２０５％的色氨酸水平内,随着饲粮中色氨酸水平的提高,仔猪的采食量、平均日增重和饲料转化率（Ｇ／Ｆ）都极显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,采食每单位色氨酸所获得的体增重显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）,血清尿素氮浓度显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。并且在饲粮色氨酸０．２０５％水平组,仔猪的各项指标最佳。但饲粮色氨酸０．２３０％水平组仔猪平均日增重又显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）,采食量和饲料转化率趋于降低（Ｐ＞０．０５）,采食每单位色氨酸所获体增重显著减少（Ｐ＜０．０５）,血清尿素氮浓度趋于升高（Ｐ＞０．０５）。以上结果提示,８～２０ｋｇ断奶仔猪获最佳生产性能的色氨酸需求参数为０．２０５％,饲粮中赖氨酸和色氨酸比例为１００：１８,相应的表观可消化色氨酸需求参数为０．１６３％。     

酶制剂对仔猪消化和生长的影响

本文研究了糖化酶、ａ－淀粉酶和果胶复合酶对仔猪消化和生长的影响。试验Ｉ用３因子２水平正文试验（１／２实施）筛选出３种酶的最佳组合。试验Ⅱ用试验Ｉ的最佳组合研究酶制剂同柠檬酸的互作效应。试验结果：①在仔猪日粮中添加高水平糖化酶（４０００单位／ｋｇ）、低水平ａ－淀粉酶（１０００单位／ｋｇ）和高水平果胶复合酶（２０００单位／ｋｇ），提高了仔猪日增重（Ｐ＜０．０５），降低了耗料增重比（１４．７％），提高了干物质、粗蛋白和粗纤维的表观消化率（Ｐ＜０．０５）。②正交分析表明，糖化酶对仔猪生长的提高起主要作用。③酶制剂同柠檬酸的协同效应不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

添加锔用酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

饲用酶制剂能提高断奶仔猪的生长,试验通过在降低３％和５％营养水平的玉米－豆粕型日粮中添加“英恒”饲用酶制剂０．１％和０．０８％，探讨其对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响，试验表明：降低３％营养水平＋０．０８％酶制组的平均日增重比对照组提高２．４７％（Ｐ＞０．０５），料肉比降低６．９９％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；降低５％营养水平＋０．０８％酶制剂组的平均日增重比对照组提高１．５１％，料肉比降低４．４９％（Ｐ＞０．０５）；降低５％和３％营养水平添加０．１％酶制剂对断奶仔猪的增重无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５），但均能显著降低料肉比（Ｐ＜０．０５）。加酶各组的经济效益都有所提高，降低３％营养水平＋０．０８％的酶制剂和降低３％营养水平＋０．１％的酶制剂对照组相比经济效益都提高了８．２６％。／     

益生素防治仔猪下痢及对增重的影响

试验分别选择哺乳仔猪２１１头，断乳仔猪５４头，下痢猪１０６进行分组，分别进行三次试验，结果表明，益生素对预防哺乳仔猪下痢效果极显著，下痢率低于对照组２２．１％（Ｐ〈０．０１）试验未哺乳仔猪头均增重比对照组高０．４９公斤，差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）。对下痢哺乳仔猪一次性投药治愈率达９６．３％，与使用诺氟沙星治疗的对照组比无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。而对断奶仔猪增重及预防下痢作用均无显著性影响。     

复合菌剂对仔猪腹泻和生产性能影响的研究

为了探讨复合菌剂对仔猪腹泻和生产性能的影响，选择在哺乳仔猪和断奶仔猪日粮中活加复合菌，结果表明，添加复合菌剂可显著提高仔猪增重和饲料报酬（Ｐ〈０．０５），极显著地降低仔猪腹淀率（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.