马杜霉素在鸡组织中残留消除及临床毒性的研究

本文报道以3.0、5.0、7.0和9.0mg/kg马杜霉素剂量水平添加到饲料中饲喂AA肉鸡,研究马杜霉素对肉鸡的毒性作用及其在鸡组织中的残留消除。从临床症状、增重与饲料转化、死亡率、血清生化参数以及组织病理学等方面研究结果表明,饲料中添加3.0－5.0mg/kg剂量马杜霉素对肉鸡是安全的,未见任何毒副作用,而7.0-9.0mg/kg剂量则引起肉鸡中毒,中毒表现为,增重和饲料转化率明显下降,血清AST异常升高,心脏和肝脏出现病理变化。残留消除研究表明,马杜霉素主要残留于肉鸡的脂肪和肝脏,其次是肾脏,肌肉中残留最少。马杜霉素以5.0mg/kg剂量添加于饲料中饲喂肉鸡,停药2－3d,肉鸡组织中马杜霉素的残留量低于最高残留限量的规定。.     

鸡马杜霉素急性中毒及其脂质过氧化关系的研究

本文在实验条件下人工诱发鸡马杜霉素急性中毒，观察中毒症状及病理变化，测定受损靶器官的脂质过氧化物的含量及相关酶的活性，以及肝细胞色素Ｐ－４５０的含量。实验结果表明：鸡马杜霉素急性中毒的主要临床症状是腹泻、腿无力或麻痹；肉眼病变是全身性充血、淤血及少数组织出血；显微镜检病变是肝脏、心肌及腿肌出血与变性；肝脏的脂质过氧化物的含量及过氧化氢酶的活性显著增加；肝Ｐ－４５０的含量显著增加；但是心肌与腿肌的脂     

羔羊白肌病的防治

羔羊白肌病主要是由于羔羊体内微量元素硒和维生素E缺乏或不足而引起的骨骼肌、心肌和肝脏组织变性、坏死为特征的疾病。马龙县是云南省严重缺硒县之一,土壤硒含量仅0.2 mg/kg,远远低于羔羊所需硒的土壤含硒量0.5 mg/kg。2006年以来,马龙县大力扶持发展黑山羊产业,     

马杜霉素对肉仔鸡的毒性研究进展

马杜霉素具有作用强、用药浓度低、抗球虫谱广和不易产生耐药性等优点而广泛用于肉鸡抗球虫。但其毒性大、安全范围窄,易导致肉仔鸡中毒,从而抑制仔鸡生长发育、损伤实质器官、影响机体代谢和免疫功能。肉仔鸡品种、受试日龄及给药方式不同,其马杜霉素中毒剂量以及中毒后生长发育、临床病理学指标、机体免疫功能、组织器官重要活性物质等指标受影响的程度也有较大差异。马杜霉素拌料饲喂剂量不应超过6.5 mg/kg,以5.0 mg/kg饲喂时间不应超过2周;而饮水给药剂量应小于或等于2.5 mg/kg。     

加米霉素注射液的靶动物安全性试验

为了评价加米霉素注射液对靶动物牛的安全性,选择24头健康中国荷斯坦牛犊,随机分成4组,每组6头。各组分别以对照组(生理盐水:0.2 mL/kg·bw)、推荐剂量组(6 mg/kg·bw)、3倍推荐剂量组(18 mg/kg·bw)和5倍推荐剂量组(30 mg/kg·bw)的加米霉素注射液给药。试验期间观察受试牛的临床表现和体重变化,试验结束后进行组织病理学检查,测定血液学和血清生化指标的变化。结果表明,使用推荐剂量和3倍推荐剂量的加米霉素注射液,整个试验期间受试牛精神状态、饮水、采食和粪便等均未出现异常,体温、心率、呼吸频率、增重和饲料消耗量与空白对照相比均无显著性变化。由此可以说明,加米霉素注射液按照推荐剂量应用于牛具有较好的安全性。     

马杜霉素对蛋仔鸡急性毒效应的研究

将马杜霉素按2.5、7.5、22.5、67.5、和202.5mg/kg体重5个剂量组，给55～65日龄蛋仔鸡一次经嗉囊给药，24h内观察其急性毒效应和测定急性致死量。结果显示：随剂量的递增而毒性增强，临床表现出轻度、中度、重度中毒和死亡的毒效应；病理变化为实质器官充血、淤血、出血、水肿、变性和心肌萎缩，主要脏器系数及其含水量均有改变；机体严重脱水，体重骤减。其毒性上限指标为：LD0=22.5mg/kg、MLD=67.5mg/kg、LD100=202.5mg/kg体重。     

镉中毒对鸡体内GSH-Px、SOD的影响及硒颉颃效应的研究

选用90只100日龄依沙褐公鸡,随机平均分为3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,加镉组饲喂基础日粮 CdCl2150 mg/kg,加硒镉组饲喂基础日粮 CdCl2150 mg/kg Na2SeO322 mg/kg,通过在日粮中添加一定剂量的镉或硒与镉,建立亚慢性镉中毒及硒颉颃模型;亚慢性镉中毒可致鸡体内血清和肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性降低,构成了镉损伤肝脏的病理学基础。加硒后可有效地提高机体的抗氧化能力。     

鸡马杜霉素中毒

鸡马杜霉素中毒李存新（江苏省沛县兽医站禽病室，２２１６００）我县某户饲养的青年肉种鸡因超量使用马杜霉素引起急性中毒，幸得及时治疗，致少数死亡。报告如下。１发病情况某户从北京家禽育种公司购进的５００套父母代艾维茵肉种鸡，１２０日龄时发生盲肠球虫病，急性...     

日粮添加硒与维生素E对公山羊组织中GPX基因mRNA表达量的影响

为了探讨硒与维生素E含量与山羊谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)基因表达的关系,试验选择60日龄、体重(15.21±2.62)kg的山羊公羔羊56只,分成7组(G0～G6组),每组8只,G0为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,G1～G6为试验组,分别饲喂3个硒水平(0.2 mg/kg、0.3 mg/kg、0.4 mg/kg)和2个维生素E水平(100 IU/kg、200 IU/kg)的组合日粮,试验期为120 d,试验结束当天每组选取4只公山羊剖杀后取肝脏、心脏、脾脏、肺脏、睾丸、肾脏,分析GPX基因(GPX-1、GPX-2、GPX-3和GPX-4)mRNA的表达量。结果表明:添加硒和维生素E后,同对照组相比,硒和维生素E的加入促进了GPX基因的表达;当日粮中硒添加量为0.3 mg/kg、维生素E添加量为100 IU/kg时,GPX-1、GPX-2、GPX-3和GPX-4基因mRNA在各组织中的表达量最高。说明添加硒和维生素E可促进GPX基因的表达,且硒添加量为0.3 mg/kg、维生素E添加量为100 IU/kg时效果较好。     

泰地罗新注射液对猪传染性胸膜肺炎的临床疗效试验

将泰地罗新注射液分为高、中、低（8、4、2 mg /kg bw）3个剂量组分别肌肉注射治疗猪传染性胸膜肺炎,同时设默沙东动物保健品有限公司的泰地罗新注射液为对照组,按4mg /kg bw给药,给药一次。结果表明,泰地罗新注射液中（4mg/kg bw）、高（8mg/kg bw）剂量对人工感染传染性胸膜肺炎病猪的有效率和治愈率无显著差异（P＞0.05）,与默沙东动物保健品有限公司生产的泰地罗新注射液推荐剂量（4mg/kg bw）的效果相当。试验结果表明泰地罗新注射液按一次量,每1 kg体重4mg肌注,对猪传染性胸膜肺炎有良好的治疗效果。     

Comparative toxicosis of sodium selenite and selenomethionine in lambs.

Excess consumption of selenium (Se) accumulator plants can result in selenium intoxication. The objective of the study reported here was to compare the acute toxicosis caused by organic selenium (selenomethionine) found in plants with that caused by the supplemental, inorganic form of selenium (sodium selenite). Lambs were orally administered a single dose of selenium as either sodium selenite or selenomethionine and were monitored for 7 days, after which they were euthanized and necropsied. Twelve randomly assigned treatment groups consisted of animals given 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 mg of Se/kg of body weight as sodium selenite, or 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8 mg of Se/kg as selenomethionine. Sodium selenite at dosages of 2, 3, and 4 mg/kg, as well as selenomethionine at dosages of 4, 6, and 8 mg/kg resulted in tachypnea and/or respiratory distress following minimal exercise. Severity and time to recovery varied, and were dose dependent. Major histopathologic findings in animals of the high-dose groups included multifocal myocardial necrosis and pulmonary alveolar vasculitis with pulmonary edema and hemorrhage. Analysis of liver, kidney cortex, heart, blood, and serum revealed linear, dose-dependent increases in selenium concentration. However, tissue selenium concentration in selenomethionine-treated lambs were significantly greater than that in lambs treated with equivalent doses of sodium selenite. To estimate the oxidative effects of these selenium compounds in vivo, liver vitamin E concentration also was measured. Sodium selenite, but not selenomethionine administration resulted in decreased liver vitamin E concentration. Results of this study indicate that the chemical form of the ingested Se must be known to adequately interpret tissue, blood, and serum Se concentrations.     

肉鸡实验性镉中毒的病理学研究

用3日龄雏鸡150只，作急性和亚急性镉中毒病理学观察，急性毒性的LD50为84．48mg/kg体重。1／10，1／20，1／30，1／40LD50和基础组作亚急性实验，实验期6周，死亡和存活鸡之比分别为4／12，3／12，3／12，3／12和0／12。死亡鸡的主要病变为肺充血、出血及炎症，肝变性及肝周炎，心肌变性及心外膜炎以及肠道卡他等。电镜检查亚急性存活病例，主要肝、心、肾细胞内的线粒体减少及萎缩，肝内质网增生、断裂，肾小球基底膜节段性增厚。亚急性试验鸡的肝和肌肉中镉含量极显著差异高于对照组（P＜0．01），而肝中铁含量试验组则极显著低于对照组(P＜0．01）。     

A Protective Effect of Vitamin E and Selenium in Ameliorating the Immunotoxicity of Malathion in Chicks

A study was conducted to determine whether a combination of vitamin E and selenium was able to counteract the immunosuppressive effects of chronic toxicity of malathion in chicks. The chicks were divided into three groups. The first group received malathion 10 mg/kg body weight; the second group received the same dose of malathion but was supplemented with vitamin E and selenium for 60 days; and the third group served as the control. The concentration of total immunoglobulins and circulatory immune complexes decreased following the administration of malathion, whereas the supplementation of the diet with vitamin E and selenium partially counteracted this effect. The histopathological changes in the bursa of Fabricius due to malathion were consistent with these findings. Supplementation with vitamin E and selenium partially ameliorated the degenerative changes in the bursa of Fabricius. Sodhi, S., Sharma, A. and Brar, R.S., 2006. A protective effect of vitamin E and selenium in ameliorating the immunotoxicity of malathion in chicks. Veterinary Research Communications, 30(8), 935–942     

细鳞鲑幼鱼对饲料中维生素E的需求量

本试验旨在研究饲料中不同水平的维生素E对细鳞鲑幼鱼生长性能、血清生化指标和机体维生素E积累量的影响,并确定细鳞鲑幼鱼对饲料中维生素E的需求量。选取初均质量为(40.2±3.6)g的细鳞鲑幼鱼270尾,随机分成6个组,每组3个重复,每个重复15尾。各组分别投喂不同维生素E水平(实测值分别为16.6、64.9、165.5、316.2、615.5和1 214.7 mg/kg)的6种等氮等能的试验饲料。试验期120 d。结果表明:1)细鳞鲑的末均质量(FW)、增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)均随着饲料维生素E水平的升高呈先升高后降低的趋势,165.5 mg/kg组细鳞鲑的FW显著高于其他各组(P0.05),165.5 mg/kg组细鳞鲑的WGR和SGR显著高于16.6和1 214.7 mg/kg组(P0.05)。各组间细鳞鲑的摄食率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率没有显著差异(P0.05)。2)随着饲料维生素E水平的升高,血清甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)含量均呈逐渐降低的趋势,且615.5和1 214.5 mg/kg组显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。随着饲料维生素E水平的升高,血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量呈先升高后降低的趋势,且165.5 mg/kg组显著高于其他各组(P0.05),64.9和316.2 mg/kg组显著高于16.6、615.5和1 214.5 mg/kg组(P0.05);而血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量与HDL-C含量呈相反的趋势,且165.5和316.2 mg/kg组显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。各组间血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性没有显著差异(P0.05)。3)随着饲料维生素E水平的升高,细鳞鲑肝脏维生素E积累量除615.5与1 214.5 mg/kg组间无显著差异(P0.05)外,呈显著升高的趋势(P0.05);肌肉维生素E积累量也呈升高的趋势,在饲料维生素E水平大于165.5 mg/kg时恒定在一个水平,且165.5、316.2、615.5和1 214.5 mg/kg组肌肉维生素E沉积量显著高于16.6和64.9 mg/kg组(P0.05)。由此可见,饲料中添加适宜水平的维生素E可以改善细鳞鲑的生长性能和血清生化指标,增加肝脏和肌肉维生素E积累量。以增重率和肌肉维生素E积累量为评价指标,根据折线模型得出,细鳞鲑对饲料中维生素E的需求量分别为145.87和180.98 mg/kg。     

酵母硒对吉林芦花鸡蛋品质及生产性能的影响

为研究添加不同浓度的酵母硒对吉林芦花鸡生产性能、蛋硒含量、蛋品质、鸡蛋胆固醇含量的影响,试验选用健康的21周龄吉林芦花鸡96只,平均体重1622 g。随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复4只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,其他3组分别添加0.3、0.6、0.9 mg/kg的酵母硒。预试期5 d,正式期21 d。结果表明:各组间料蛋比、采食量、哈氏单位、鸡蛋颜色无显著差异(P>0.05);0.3 mg/kg酵母硒组的平均蛋重极显著低于其他3组(P<0.01),产蛋率、软破壳蛋率均极显著高于其他3组(P<0.01);0.6 mg/kg酵母硒组的蛋黄比率、软破壳蛋率极显著低于其他3组(P<0.01);0.9 mg/kg酵母硒组胆固醇含量极显著低于其他3组(P<0.01);料蛋比(P=0.087)和胆固醇(P=0.061)随着酵母硒添加量的增加有降低的趋势。0.6 mg/kg酵母硒组蛋硒含量极显著高于对照组和0.3 mg/kg酵母硒组(P<0.01),显著高于0.9 mg/kg酵母硒组(P<0.05)。综上,在本试验条件下,酵母硒适宜添加量为0.6 mg/kg。     

Isolation and selection of ionophore-tolerant Eimeria precocious lines: E. tenella, E. maxima and E. acervulina

Eimeria parasites were isolated from Nanhai Guangdong province (southern China) and studied in chickens in wire cages to evaluate their drug resistance against commonly used ionophores: monensin (100 mg/kg of feed), lasolacid (90 mg/kg), salinomycin (60 mg/kg), maduramicin (5 mg/kg) and semduramicin (25 mg/kg). Chinese Yellow Broiler Chickens were infected with 40,000 crude sporulated Eimeria oocysts at 15 days of age and prophylactic medication commenced a day prior to infection. Drug resistance was assessed for each ionophore drug by calculating the anticoccidial index (ACI) and percentage optimum anticoccidial activity (POAA) based on relative weight gain, rate of oocyst production and lesion values. Results revealed that Nanhai Eimeria oocysts comprising of E. tenella, E. maxima and E. acervulina, were resistant to monensin, sensitive to both salinomycin and lasolacid and partially sensitive to maduramicin and semduramicin. By selection for early development of oocysts during passage through chickens, the prepatent time of E. tenella, E. maxima and E. acervulina were reduced by 49, 36 and 22 h, respectively. The precocious lines are less pathogenic than the parent strains from which they were selected and conferred a satisfactory protection for chickens against coccidiosis. These ionophore-tolerant precocious lines could have wider applications in the development of anticoccidial vaccines for sustainable control of coccidiosis.     

饲粮中添加维生素E和有机硒对攸县麻鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标及咸蛋蛋黄品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加维生素E和有机硒对攸县麻鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标及咸蛋蛋黄品质的影响。选用200只健康的处于产蛋高峰期的攸县麻鸭,随机分为4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鸭。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,3个试验组(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组)分别在基础饲粮中添加50 IU/kg维生素E、0.2 mg/kg硒、0.2 mg/kg硒+50 IU/kg维生素E。试验期为63 d。结果表明:1)Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的产蛋率和日产蛋重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的料蛋比均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的蛋黄硒含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。Ⅱ和Ⅳ组的蛋黄维生素E含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的咸蛋蛋黄硬心率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅳ组硬心率显著低于Ⅱ和Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。4)Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的血清中谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加维生素E、有机硒或二者联用能提高产蛋高峰期攸县麻鸭产蛋性能和抗氧化能力,饲粮中添加维生素E和有机硒在降低咸蛋加工产生的蛋黄硬心率方面存在协同增效作用。     

LD50 values and selenium concentration in rabbit organs after parenteral administration of sodium selenite and determination of toxicity of urososelevit pro inj]

The LD50-values of sodium selenite after i/m injection to rabbits was determined by means of probit-regression straight line. Simultaneously a combination of vitamin E and sodium selenite was tested for toxicity in order to examine the effect of vitamin E on the selenium toxicity. The LD50/24h was 2.53 mg sodium selenite/kg body mass and in combination with vitamin E (30 IU vitamin E/5 mg NaSeO3) 2.73 mg/kg. Furthermore the selenium concentration was determined in blood, liver, kidney and muscles of animals which died or were killed after 24 h respectively. Not only chemical analysis but also relations of time-dose-efficiency and significantly increased LD50-values show a certain protective effect of vitamin E on selenium intoxication.     

产蛋种鸡日粮中不同水平维生素E与有机和无机硒的效果研究

在３×５的两因子试验中,研究了不同添加水平维生素Ｅ（４、１４和２４ｍｇ／ｋｇ）与有机和无机硒（亚硒酸钠０．２０、０．３５和０．５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,酵母硒０．３５和０．５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）对褐壳蛋种母鸡在２０～４０周龄阶段生产繁殖性能和有关血液指标的影响。结果表明,产蛋母鸡的采食量、产蛋率、蛋重、产蛋量、饲料转化率和死淘率在３个维生素Ｅ添加水平间无差异;除了添加酵母硒０．５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ组蛋鸡的蛋重和产蛋量显著低于酵母硒０．３５ｍｇ／ｋｇ组以外,其它各项生产性能指标在各硒处理组间差异不明显。维生素Ｅ和硒可增加彼此在血液中的存留;当日粮中只补加维生素Ｅ４ｍｇ／ｋｇ时,将日粮亚硒酸钠硒添加水平由０．２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ提高到０．３５～０．５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ可使血浆α－生育酚含量由０．５０μｇ／ｍｌ上升到接近１．０μｇ／ｍｌ左右。     

Effect of selenium and vitamin E on antibody production by dairy cows vaccinated against Escherichia coli.

Sixty clinically healthy Holstein cows were randomly assigned to one of four groups according to their age and parity and vaccinated in late pregnancy (day 190) with a multivalent vaccine against Escherichia coli. The 15 cows in the first group (SeE) were injected intramuscularly with a solution of sodium selenite (0.1 mg Se/kg bodyweight) and vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol acetate, 8 U/kg bodyweight), the cows in the second group (Se) received only selenium and the cows in the third group (E) received only vitamin E at the same doses and by the same route of administration; the cows in the fourth group were used as controls. The vaccination and the injections of selenium and vitamin E were repeated 42 days later. The concentration of selenium in whole blood and of vitamin E in serum was determined by fluorometric methods. Specific antibody titres against E coli were determined in serum samples by ELISA. The results showed that the injection of selenium either alone or in combination with vitamin E significantly improved the production of specific antibodies against E coli, and that the production of specific antibodies was greater after the administration of selenium alone.