对虾急性肝胰腺坏死综合征不同检测方法结果分析

急性肝胰腺坏死综合征(acute hepatopancreas necrosis disease,AHPND)是一种危害大、新出现的对虾疫病。目前认为该病由一种副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus,VP)引起。本试验通过生化鉴定、血清学分型、MALDI-TOF-MS鉴定以及文献建立的PCR方法,在福建省南美白对虾养殖场,对分离于AHPND病虾肝胰腺的VP进行了检测。通过VITEK-2鉴定出81株VP分离株。从中选取9株分别进行MALDI-TOF-MS鉴定、PCR检测和血清学分型,发现这9株分离菌株均与MALDI-TOF-MS数据库中的VP匹配。其中:4株PCR检测为阳性,被鉴定为AHPND VP,其血清型包括O1:KUT和O1:K68;另5株PCR检测为阴性,血清型包括O1:KUT、O3:K6和O1:K68。试验表明:AHPND VP分离株存在不同血清型,可通过MALDI-TOF-MS进行菌种鉴定;MALDI-TOF-MS与PCR结合使用,可以准确、快速鉴定AHPND VP,这有利于开展AHPND的病原学分析、流行病学调查以及诊断和监测。     

罗非鱼链球菌病检测技术

为了解并掌握罗非鱼链球菌检测技术,探索罗非鱼链球菌不同致病性菌株及其基因分型,给有效防控罗非鱼链球菌病提供科学依据,采用PCR扩增技术及PFGE图像分析技术对罗非鱼链球菌致病菌株进行分离鉴定,检测分离菌株的致病性特点。结果表明罗非鱼链球菌病分别由海豚链球菌及无乳链球菌2种病因引起。罗非鱼链球菌菌株基因型复杂,不同地区的优势菌群存在很大差异,PCR与PFGE相结合的鉴定方法可高效、准确地检测到罗非鱼链球菌。     

MALDI-TOF质谱技术及Biotyper数据库在养殖场空气微生物鉴定中的应用

以16SrRNA测序法为标准方法,利用MALDI-TOF质谱技术及Biotyper数据库对某猪场210株空气分离株进行鉴定及准确率分析。结果显示91.0%的菌株被准确鉴定到种水平,95.7%被准确鉴定到属水平。研究表明MALDI-TOF质谱技术可以快速准确检测空气微生物,为养殖场环境质量监测提供了新的技术支持。     

进口活蛇鳗检出非O1群霍乱弧菌的报告

对进口食用活蛇鳗抽样进行实验室检验,经增茵培养、细菌分离和纯培养,分离出一株疑似霍乱弧菌。经镜检、生化试验、血清凝集试验和动物毒性试验,鉴定为非O1群霍乱弧菌。这在汕头口岸进出口动物水产品检验检疫中,属首次报道。     

牦牛源溶血致病性表皮葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及药敏分析

对1株分离自西藏那曲地区养殖场有出血性症状牦牛的致病性菌进行分子鉴定及药敏分析,为西藏地区牦牛出血性疾病提供治疗依据。通过对病死牦牛肺脏、肝脏进行细菌分离纯化获得疑似菌株,对所得疑似菌株进行形态学观察与哥伦比亚血平板试验筛选出疑似致病菌株,再对疑似致病菌株进行生理生化鉴定试验、16S rDNA通用引物检测及测序、同源性比对,后经药敏试验得到该疑似致病菌株的敏感药物,最后通过动物回归试验验证其敏感药物的治疗效果。结果表明,通过对病死牦牛肺脏、肝脏分离纯化获得6株疑似菌株,经形态学观察试验、哥伦比亚血平板试验筛选出1株具有溶血性的革兰氏阳性球菌S-4。经生理生化鉴定试验、16S rDNA测序、同源性比对,鉴定S-4菌株为表皮葡萄球菌;药敏试验结果显示,S-4菌株对恩诺沙星、新霉素、多黏菌素B、卡那霉素、环丙沙星敏感,对氟苯尼考、多西环素中介敏感,对链霉素、红霉素、四环素、青霉素、头孢氨苄耐受;动物回归试验显示,该菌株具有致病性,且恩诺沙星、新霉素、卡那霉素3种药物治疗效果良好,多黏菌素B、环丙沙星治疗效果差。本试验获得1株具有致病性的牦牛源表皮葡萄球菌,该致病菌在养殖过程中可使用恩诺沙星、新霉素、卡那霉素3种药物进行治疗。     

华南地区肉鸽源沙门氏菌的鉴定及遗传进化分析

本试验从华南地区发病肉鸽肠道和肝脏中用BS培养基分离、纯化沙门氏菌,并进行多项生化试验和血清型鉴定试验,结果显示各项生化检测指标均符合沙门氏菌的特点;血清型鉴定试验结果表明该分离菌属沙门氏菌属A-F群。进一步对该分离菌的16S rRNA片段测序及遗传进化分析,确定该分离菌为沙门氏菌菌株,与鼠伤寒沙门氏菌同源性为100%。对该分离菌进行动物回归试验,结果表明该沙门氏菌菌株为华南地区肉鸽的致病菌株。该结果为进一步研究华南地区肉鸽沙门氏菌的致病机理和防控奠定了基础。     

一株丁酸梭菌的鉴定及生物学特性研究

试验对分离到的菌株DL-01进行鉴定和生物学分析,为其在动物生产中的应用提供参考。通过形态学观察、生化鉴定、16SrDNA基因序列分析的方法鉴定菌株;检测高温条件芽孢的存活率,对其代谢产物、遗传稳定性进行分析,探究其对抗生素、胆盐、人工胃液、人工肠液的耐受能力以及对致病菌的拮抗能力。结果显示:此菌株为丁酸梭菌;95℃处理10 min后,芽孢存活率达到95%;菌株代谢产生多种氨基酸、维生素、酶等物质,产丁酸性能较好;连续传代30代,菌株形态不变,DNA谱带基本相同;此菌株对多种抗生素具有良好的耐受性;在猪胆盐浓度为0.35%时,菌株DL-01仍然能够生长;经过2.5 h人工胃液和人工肠液处理后,活菌数达99%以上;能抑制肠出血大肠杆菌和魏氏梭菌生长。结果表明,丁酸梭菌DL-01具有较好的遗传稳定性、抗逆性等优良特性,这些优势有利于将其应用到动物生产中。     

基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱对羊源多杀性巴氏杆菌的快速鉴定

本试验通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)对临床分离的1株羊源多杀性巴氏杆菌进行了快速鉴定,取得了与VITEK2 Compact传统生化方法和16S rRNA测序方法一致的结果。MALDI-TOF MS对分离菌株的鉴定分数为2.371,达到了种水平的鉴定。从分离到纯菌落到获得有效的鉴定结果,MALDI-TOF MS仅需要约30 min,而VITEK2需要约4 h, 16S rRNA测序方法需要至少2 d。因此,MALDI-TOF MS可以实现对临床分离的多杀性巴氏杆菌菌株的快速、准确鉴定,对进一步改善动物巴氏杆菌病的临床诊治具有重要意义。     

MALDI-TOF MS对河南地区鸡源沙门菌快速鉴定的研究

采集河南地区规模化种鸡场疑似沙门菌致死鸡胚和肝脏,共分离出41株沙门菌菌株;应用血清学、VITEK 2和基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)方法对分离的41株沙门菌进行鉴定比较;3种方法均能鉴定出沙门菌,MALDI-TOF-MS方法能快速鉴定41株沙门菌,而且匹配度分值均大于2.300,表明鉴定结果的可信度很高。血清学鉴定的41株沙门菌血清型与MALDI-TOF-MS鉴定的沙门菌结果不一致,表明血清学分型结果和MALDI-TOF-MS分型结果没有相关性。MALDI-TOF-MS对鸡沙门菌的鉴定,操作快速简便、准确率高,为兽医微生物快速鉴定提供一种方法。     

变性高效液相色谱高通量检测动物源性饲料中沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌

应用复合PCR结合变性高效液相色谱(DHPLC)技术,通过通用增菌培养,建立动物源性饲料中沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌的快速高通量检测方法.根据沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌特异基因序列分别设计特异性引物,复合PCR扩增的产物经DHPLC技术进行快速检测.以49株参考菌株做特异性试验,并开展了精密度检测试验.试验结果表明,该方法具有很好的特异性和精密度,经通用增菌和复合PCR-DHPLC技术可同时检测饲料中的沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌.该方法可以快速、准确、高通量检测,是动物源性饲料中致病菌高通量检测的新技术.     

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for Identification of Bacterial Isolates From Horses

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is used for bacterial identification by analyzing the spectra of isolates and comparing them against a database of reference spectra; it is known for its rapidity and accuracy. Although MALDI-TOF MS is used for identification of bacterial isolates from animals, not all animal pathogens are identified correctly. In this study, we used a commercial MALDI-TOF MS identification system to examine 3724 bacterial isolates from horses and their environments. Isolates that could not be identified with MALDI-TOF MS were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence taxonomic analysis. MALDI-TOF MS could identify 86.2% of the isolates from horses to the species level, showing that this method could be successfully applied for bacterial identification in horses. However, some species known to be equine pathogenic agents including Taylorella equigenitalis and Rhodococcus equi were difficult to identify with MALDI-TOF MS, which might be the result of an inadequate reference database. Some Prevotella, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus isolates, which could not be identified with either MALDI-TOF MS or 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, formed clusters in the 16S rRNA phylogenic tree, and might be unknown species isolated from horses. Adding the spectra of isolates identified in this study to an in-house database might make MALDI-TOF MS a more useful tool for identifying equine isolates.     

1株鹅源类志贺邻单胞菌的分离鉴定及致病性研究

【目的】 查明江苏某鹅场鹅发病及死亡原因。【方法】 剖检病死鹅，运用细菌分离纯化、染色观察、生化试验、基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）鉴定、16S rDNA测定方法进行病原菌分离鉴定，通过药敏试验和小鼠致病性试验探究分离菌株的特性。【结果】 从患病鹅肝脏分离到1株革兰氏阴性短杆状细菌；生化试验结果显示，此菌株可发酵葡萄糖、麦芽糖、枸橼酸盐、尿素；MALDI-TOF MS鉴定结果显示，此菌株为类志贺邻单胞菌；16S rDNA序列对比分析发现，分离菌与类志贺邻单胞菌相似性最高，达98%以上；药敏试验结果显示，分离菌对左氧氟沙星、美罗培南、头孢西丁、庆大霉素等10种抗菌药敏感，对四环素、头孢吡肟、头孢他啶、头孢唑林表现为中介，对阿奇霉素、复方新诺明、氨苄西林等6种药物表现为耐药，是典型的多重耐药菌；小鼠致病性试验结果显示，分离菌对小鼠的半数致死量为5.0×10^6.5 CFU。【结论】 本试验首次报道了从鹅体内分离到致病性类志贺邻单胞菌，通过药敏试验筛选了左氧氟沙星、美罗培南、头孢西丁等有效的临床常用抗菌药，分离株对小鼠致病性较强，提示其带来的潜在风险不可忽视。     

Evaluation of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for species identification of bacteria of genera Arcanobacterium and Trueperella

In the present study matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was evaluated for species identification of 98 bacteria previously classified phenotypically and genotypically to genera Arcanobacterium and Trueperella. Species identification was carried out by comparing the main spectra of each strain with the main spectra of reference strains of both genera and 3740 database entries included in the MALDI Biotyper 2.0 software package (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany). MALDI-TOF MS correctly identified (log (score) values ≥ 2.0) all investigated strains of the species A. (T.) bialowiezense (n=3), A. (T.) bonasi (n=7), A. haemolyticum (n=10), A. pluranimalium (n=1) and A. (T.) pyogenes (n=77). According to the present results MALDI-TOF MS had a comparable discriminating power than previously conducted tests on DNA level. Further studies with strains isolated from human infections would show the robustness of MALDI-TOF MS for identification of bacteria of these genera.     

Rapid Identification of Mycoplasma pulmonis Isolated from Laboratory Mice and Rats Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Mycoplasma species identification is based on biochemical, immunological, and molecular methods that require several days for accurate identification. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a novel method for identification of bacteria and has recently been introduced into the clinical microbiology laboratory as a rapid and accurate technique. This method allows a characteristic mass spectral fingerprint to be obtained from whole inactivated mycoplasmal cells. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of Mycoplasma by comparison with standard sequence analysis of 16S rRNA. We developed the first database of MALDI-TOF MS profiles of Mycoplasma species, containing Mycoplasma pulmonis, M. arthritidis, and M. neurolyticum, which are the most common pathogens in mice and/or rats, and species-specific spectra were recorded. Using the database, 6 clinical isolates were identified. Six tracheal swabs from 4 mice and 2 rats were cultured on PPLO agar for 4 to 7 days, and the colonies were directly applied to analyze the protein profiles. Five strains were identified as M. pulmonis, and 1 strain from a mouse was identified as M. neurolyticum (spectral scores were >2.00); the results were consistent with the results of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (homologies>97.0%). These data indicate that MALDI-TOF MS can be used as a clearly rapid, accurate, and cost-effective method for the identification of M. pulmonis isolates, and this system may represent a serious alternative for clinical laboratories to identify Mycoplasma species.     

基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱在动物源细菌耐药性监测中的研究应用

细菌鉴定是细菌耐药性监测过程中的重要工作环节之一,基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-off flight mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF MS)能够高效鉴定细菌。为了快速监测五家养殖场来源的大肠杆菌和肠球菌的临床耐药特征,本研究利用MALDI-TOF MS和微量肉汤稀释法,快速鉴定临床分离的大肠杆菌和肠球菌,并对其进行耐药表型检测。结果显示,MALDI-TOF MS实现了对临床分离菌株(31株大肠杆菌和34株肠球菌)的快速鉴定;鸡源大肠杆菌和肠球菌的耐药情况最为严重,其次为羊和牛。其中,鸡源的大肠杆菌均对四环素(100%)和氨苄西林(91.67%)耐药率最高,肠球菌对苯唑西林(62.07%)耐药率较高。研究结果表明,不同动物源细菌临床耐药性表型严重程度有所不同,与此同时,MALDI-TOF MS技术可以同时实现对动物源大肠杆菌和肠球菌的快速鉴定,值得在动物源细菌耐药性检测领域推广应用。     

一株草鱼维氏气单胞菌的分离鉴定及毒力基因分析

为了鉴定贵州芩巩县某养殖场草鱼发病死亡的病原,本研究通过临床解剖观察、细菌分离培养、革兰氏染色镜检、生化鉴定、药敏试验、动物回归试验、16S rDNA与gyr B基因测序及系统分析进行鉴定。结果显示,本研究从发病草鱼体内分离到1株致病菌GZQG2019,分离菌在培养基中呈圆形、表面湿润光滑、边缘整齐半透明的灰白色菌落,菌落周围呈现β-溶血环;革兰氏镜检显示,分离菌呈两端钝圆短小阴性杆菌;16S rDNA、gyr B基因序列分析显示,分离菌与维氏气单胞菌聚为一支,同源性均在99%以上;药敏试验结果显示,在使用的20种抗菌药物中,该菌对四环素、丁胺卡那、多黏菌素B和头孢曲松等10种药物敏感,对苯唑西林、青霉素、阿莫西林和庆大霉素等8种药物中度敏感,对头孢氨苄、复方新诺明2种药物耐药;动物回归试验显示,该菌对健康草鱼具有强致病性;10种毒力基因扩增结果显示,分离菌携带气溶素、热不稳定性肠毒素、溶血素、核酶、丝氨酸蛋白酶、弹性蛋白酶和酯酶7种毒力基因。本试验成功分离到1株草鱼源维氏气单胞菌,具有较强毒力,且携带多种毒力因子;对四环素、丁胺卡那等药物敏感,对四环素、丁胺卡那等耐药,为维氏气单胞菌病临床用药提供参考依据。     

Application of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry in Identification of Stallion Semen Bacterial Contamination

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is one of the cutting-edge methods currently applied in medical bacteriologic diagnostics. The aim of the study was to prove the possibility of applying MALDI-TOF MS to identify bacterial contamination in the ejaculate of stud stallions, which may cause infections to reproductive organs of mares following artificial insemination with cooled semen. A partial aim was to determine changes in the total count of microorganisms in long-term storage of ejaculate after its treatment with gentamicin and also without antimicrobial medication. Aerobic cultivation on Columbia agar was used to examine 26 semen samples from 13 horses; 31 different species of bacteria were isolated, which were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. The most frequently detected species came from Aerococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Micrococcaceae families. The results of our work confirm that MALDI-TOF MS is a quick alternative method for identifying bacterial species that may contaminate stallion semen.     

一株山羊魏氏梭菌的分离鉴定及其致病性研究

本试验从一例病死山羊组织内分离到一株致病性细菌,通过鉴别培养、生化试验、分子生物学试验和动物致病性试验,证明该病原菌为羊致病性A型魏氏梭菌;毒素基因分析结果显示,该菌同时含有α和β2两种毒素基因;动物致病性试验结果表明,该菌对昆明小鼠具有较强的致病性,并从试验致死的昆明小鼠病料中分离到了与病死山羊病原相一致的细菌,从而确定A型魏氏梭菌为引起该山羊死亡的主要病原菌。本试验结果为该羊场魏氏梭菌病的治疗和预防提供了科学依据。     

Isolation,Identification and Pathogenicity Research of a Strain of Clostridium perfringens from Goat

A pathogenic bacteria was isolated from a dead goat,and it was identified as goat-pathogenic type A Clostridium perfringens by differential culture,biochemical test,molecular biological technology and animal pathogenicity test.Analysis results of toxin genes showed that this bacteria contained both α and β2 toxin genes.Animal pathogenicity test result showed that this bacteria was highly pathogenic to mice,and the same bacteria was isolated from dead mice as which was isolated from the dead goat,so it was certain that type A Clostridium perfringens was the main pathogenic bacteria which caused the goat dead.The results would provide scientific basis for the treatment and prevention of the disease caused by Clostridium perfringens in this goat farm.     

山西猪链球菌的分离鉴定及药敏实验

猪链球菌是一种常见的病原菌,能引起动物和人类发生猪链球菌病,本实验通过在山西灵石某猪场发病猪群中取样,分离病原菌,并且对病原菌进行培养、镜检、生化鉴定以及PCR的技术扩增其gdh和16srRNA的序列,然后进行药敏实验。鉴定出分离菌能够在鲜血平板上形成溶血环、革兰氏染色阳性、43种生化试验结果以及扩增出特异性条带,表明分离到的病原菌为猪链球菌。药敏实验结果可见其对强力霉素等药物敏感,而对头孢曲松和磷霉素完全耐药。为山西地区猪链球菌的防治提供参考。