白藜芦醇对山羊冷冻精子质膜、DNA完整性和温度耐受性的影响

试验旨在研究白藜芦醇对山羊冷冻精子质膜、DNA完整性和温度耐受性的影响。采用假阴道法采集8只云上黑山羊精液,用含不同浓度（0、0.1、1、10和20 μmol//L）白藜芦醇的Optidyl稀释液稀释后进行细管分装,对照组不添加白藜芦醇。在5 ℃平衡4 h后,将细管于液氮蒸气中预冻10 min,最后在液氮中保存30 d。37 ℃水浴解冻后,采用低渗耐受性试验检测质膜完整性和温度耐受性,精子染色质扩散法检测DNA碎片率等指标。结果显示,10 μmol/L白藜芦醇冷冻组精子弯尾率显著高于其他各处理组（P<0.05）,而其他各冷冻组之间无显著性差异（P>0.05）;10 μmol/L白藜芦醇冷冻组精子DNA碎片率极显著高于鲜精组（P<0.01）,极显著低于未添加白藜芦醇冷冻组（P<0.01）。温度耐受性试验结果表明,不同浓度白藜芦醇冷冻组精子37 ℃水浴1 h后的精子弯尾率以10 μmol/L冷冻组最高,与其他各冷冻组间差异极显著（P<0.01）;精子弯尾率随着孵育时间的延长而呈逐步下降的趋势,当孵育4 h时,10 μmol/L白藜芦醇冷冻组精子弯尾率与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）。透射电镜结果表明,10 μmol/L白藜芦醇组精子质膜完整率显著高于不添加白藜芦醇对照组（P<0.05）。上述结果表明,在冷冻稀释液中添加白藜芦醇可显著改善山羊冻精质膜状态、DNA完整率和温度耐受性,其最佳作用浓度为10 μmol/L,但白藜芦醇是否能改善山羊冻精的人工授精效果还有待进一步研究。     

AMPK激活剂在绵羊精液冷冻保存中的作用研究

旨在研究AMPK激活剂二甲双胍（metformin，Met）和阿卡地新（acadesine，AICAR）对绵羊精液冷冻保存效果的影响。本研究首先在冷冻基础稀释液中分别添加不同浓度（0、100、200、300、400、500 μmol·L^-1）的Met和AICAR，冷冻解冻后根据精子活力、运动性能和结构完整性指标筛选出最佳的添加浓度（400 μmol·L^-1 Met、200 μmol·L^-1 AICAR）；然后分别使用不同的冷冻稀释液（对照组：稀释液；Met组：含400 μmol·L^-1 Met的稀释液；AICAR组：含200 μmol·L^-1 AICAR的稀释液）冷冻精液，解冻后检测精子中AMPK蛋白表达、顶体酶活性、代谢指标、线粒体功能以及抗氧化酶活性。结果表明，稀释液中添加400 μmol·L^-1 Met和200 μmol·L^-1AICAR均可显著提高解冻后精子活力、运动性能及精子结构完整性（P<0.05），其中400 μmol·L^-1 Met组精子总活力达43.20%，顶体完整率为91%，质膜完整率为46%。与对照组相比，Met组和AICAR组解冻后精子中AMPK磷酸化水平显著升高（P<0.05）；顶体酶活性显著提高（P<0.05）；丙酮酸水平显著下降（P<0.05），乳酸脱氢酶活性、乳酸以及ATP含量均显著升高（P<0.05）；与对照组相比，Met和AICAR组稀释液更有利于维持线粒体膜电位（P<0.05），提高ATP酶（P<0.05）以及抗氧化酶的活性（P<0.05）。添加适当浓度的AMPK激活剂可以提高绵羊精液冷冻保存的效果。     

谷氨酰胺替代部分甘油对冻融猪精子获能和体外受精能力的影响

本试验旨在探索用谷氨酰胺（Gln）替代部分甘油对冻融猪精子体外获能和受精能力的影响，试验分为6组：3%甘油对照组和5个处理组（Ⅰ~Ⅴ组：2%甘油＋谷氨酰胺（0、20、40、80和100 mmol/L））。对冻融松辽黑猪精子的精子活力、质膜完整性、顶体完整性、线粒体膜电位、鱼精蛋白水平、获能及体外受精等指标进行了检测。结果显示，用谷氨酰胺替代部分甘油均对冻融精子质量有一定的改善作用，改善的程度受谷氨酰胺浓度的影响。与对照组相比，Ⅰ组精子的质量参数均显著下降（P<0.05）；与Ⅰ组相比，Ⅱ组精子活力、顶体完整性和活率显著提高（P<0.05），Ⅲ组精子线粒体膜电位显著提高（P<0.05），Ⅴ组精子活力、质膜完整性、顶体完整性、活率和线粒体膜电位均显著提高（P<0.05）。说明用谷氨酰胺替代部分甘油对精子质量具有很大的影响，且当谷氨酰胺为100 mmol/L时可得到更高质量的精子，因此，后续试验使用浓度为100 mmol/L的谷氨酰胺进行研究。与对照组相比，2%甘油＋100 mmol/L谷氨酰胺处理组精子鱼精蛋白缺失率显著下降（P<0.05），精子获能无显著差异（P>0.05），但胚胎卵裂率显著提高（P<0.05）。综上所述，谷氨酰胺可作为一种新型冷冻保护剂替代部分甘油来提高猪精液的质量，并降低甘油对猪精液的毒性作用，为猪精液的冷冻保存及商业化生产提供技术支撑。     

不同浓度牛磺酸对猪精液负压条件常温保存效果的影响

【目的】 探讨负压条件下向Modena稀释剂中添加不同浓度牛磺酸对长白公猪精子常温保存质量及抗氧化能力的影响,以期为猪精液保存体系的完善提供参考。【方法】 向Modena稀释剂中分别添加浓度为0（对照组）、1、5及10 mmol/L牛磺酸,各组精液在―0.04 Mpa条件下保存11 d。于第1、3、5、7、9及11天利用计算机辅助精子分析系统（CASA）检测精子活力、活率、畸形率、平均路径速度（VAP）、曲线速度（VCL）及鞭打频率（BCF）;利用试剂盒测定精液的总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）及H₂O₂含量。【结果】 在保存1~11 d期间,3个牛磺酸组猪精子的活力及活率均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;第11天时5 mmol/L牛磺酸组猪精子畸形率显著低于其他各组（P<0.05）;自第3天开始,1、5及10 mmol/L牛磺酸组猪精子的VAP均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,其中以5 mmol/L牛磺酸组效果最佳;第11天时,5 mmol/L牛磺酸组猪精子的VCL、BCF均显著优于其他各组（P<0.05）;牛磺酸可显著提升猪精子的T-AOC （P<0.05）,但第11天时T-AOC较弱;第1~3天时,所有试验组间猪精子H₂O₂含量无显著差异,第5~11天时,3个牛磺酸组的H₂O₂含量均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。【结论】 在―0.04 Mpa条件下,向Modena稀释剂中添加牛磺酸可以显著改善常温保存猪精液的质量参数与抗氧化性能,其中以5 mmol/L添加量最好,保存时间在9 d以内为宜。     

白藜芦醇对绵羊卵母细胞体外受精的影响

本试验旨在研究不同浓度（0、0.5、2.0、5.0 μmol/L）白藜芦醇（resveratrol,RES）对绵羊卵母细胞体外受精（in vitro fertilization,IVF）、卵母细胞抗氧化能力及卵丘细胞分泌类固醇激素的影响。绵羊卵母细胞在含不同浓度RES的体外成熟（in vitro maturation,IVM）液中培养24 h以后进行体外受精,并收集IVM液,测定超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）的活性及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（monochrome display adapter,MDA）的含量;用酶联免疫法测定雌二醇（estradiol,E₂）和孕酮（progesterone,P₄）的浓度。研究结果表明,与对照组相比,在IVM液中添加0.5 μmol/L RES显著提高卵裂率（P<0.05）,但对受精率和囊胚率没有显著影响（P>0.05）;5.0 μmol/L RES显著降低受精率、卵裂率和囊胚率（P<0.05）,对胚胎发育有抑制作用;在IVM和体外培养（in vitro culture,IVC）液中分别添加0.5 μmol/L RES均显著提高受精率、卵裂率和囊胚率（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,在IVM液中添加RES对卵丘细胞分泌E₂有一定的抑制作用,5.0 μmol/L RES显著降低E₂浓度（P<0.05）;0.5 μmol/L RES显著提高卵丘细胞P₄分泌量（P<0.05）。0.5和2.0 μmol/L RES增加SOD和GSH-Px等酶的活性,但与对照组相比无显著差异（P>0.05）,却显著降低MDA含量（P<0.05）;而5.0 μmol/L RES显著降低抗氧化酶活性并增加MDA含量（P<0.05）。综上所述,在IVM和IVC液中同时添加0.5 μmol/L RES,通过增强卵母细胞抗氧化能力和P₄的浓度,并降低MDA含量,从而提高胚胎卵裂率和囊胚率。     

不同浓度芦丁和冷冻速率对猪精子冷冻保存效果的研究

【目的】 探讨冷冻稀释液中添加不同浓度芦丁和不同冷冻速率对杜洛克公猪精子冷冻保存效果的影响及其二者的互作关系,以期为指导生产实践和提高优良种猪利用率提供依据。【方法】 试验分为6组,分别为空白对照组（冷冻稀释液Ⅰ液）和试验组（分别在冷冻稀释液Ⅰ液中添加0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8和1.0 mmol/L芦丁）,在距离液氮面上1 cm （快冷冻）和3 cm （慢冷冻）处分别进行冷冻。在液氮中保存30 d后,检测冷冻-解冻精子的运动参数、质膜完整率（MI）、顶体完整率（AI）、DNA完整率、线粒体膜电位（MMP）、活性氧（ROS）水平、丙二醛（MDA）和ATP含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）的活性来评价解冻后的精液品质。【结果】 冷冻速率方面,在相同浓度芦丁冷冻液中,慢冷冻效果均好于快冷冻效果,差异显著（P<0.05）。芦丁浓度方面,快冷冻和慢冷冻组均以添加0.6 mmol/L芦丁的效果最好（P<0.05）,添加0.8 mmol/L芦丁的效果次之。二者互作方面,冷冻速率与芦丁浓度间存在交互作用,其中慢冷冻×0.6 mmol/L芦丁组合的精子的运动参数、质膜完整率、顶体完整率、DNA完整率、线粒体膜电位、ATP含量均显著高于其他组合试验组（P<0.05）,ROS水平显著低于其他组合试验组（P<0.05）,SOD、CAT和GSH-Px的活性较其他组合试验组均显著提高（P<0.05）。【结论】 不同芦丁浓度与不同冷冻速率间存在互作效应,其中在冷冻稀释液中添加0.6 mmol/L芦丁慢冷冻猪精子效果最好。     

白藜芦醇对山羊冷冻精液质量的影响

本实验旨在研究白藜芦醇对山羊冻精质量的改善效果。用假阴道法采集8只云上黑山羊精液,用添加不同浓度(0、0.1、1、10、20μmol/L)白藜芦醇的Optidyl稀释液稀释后进行细管分装,其中不添加白藜芦醇组为对照组。在5℃平衡4 h后,将细管于液氮蒸气中预冻,最后在液氮中保存1周。37℃水浴解冻后测定精子活力、顶体完整性、膜完整性和磷脂酰丝氨酸分布等指标。结果表明:与对照组相比,10μmol/L白藜芦醇冷冻组精子直线运动百分率和质膜完整性均提高(P<0.05);10μmol/L白藜芦醇抑制了冷冻解冻后精子ROS的产生(P<0.05);而20μmol/L白藜芦醇冷冻组精子解冻后直线运动百分率低于其他各处理组(P<0.05);白藜芦醇不能缓解冷冻解冻过程对精子总活力、顶体完整性和磷脂酰丝氨酸分布的不利影响。总之,冷冻稀释液中添加10μmol/L白藜芦醇可以改善山羊冻精质量,这可能与白藜芦醇的抗氧化特性有关;但过高浓度的白藜芦醇加重精子的冷冻损伤程度。白藜芦醇是否能提高山羊冻精的人工授精效果还有待进一步研究。     

基于AMPK通路研究葛根素对猪前体脂肪细胞成脂分化的影响

【目的】 探究葛根素是否通过AMPK通路促进松辽黑猪前体脂肪细胞分化,以期为在饲粮中添加葛根素改善猪肉肉质提供参考。【方法】 待松辽黑猪前体脂肪细胞汇合度达90%时进行为期4 d的诱导分化。诱导分化时,将细胞分为对照组（Con）、葛根素组（Pue）、葛根素+AMPK激活剂AICAR组（AICAR）及葛根素+AMPK抑制剂CompoundC组（CompoundC）,对照组诱导液中不添加葛根素,Pue组添加40 μmol/L葛根素,AICAR组添加40 μmol/L葛根素+500 μmol/L AICAR,CompoundC组添加40 μmol/L葛根素+20 μmol/L CompoundC。诱导分化结束,收集各组细胞,用甘油三酯（TG）酶法检测细胞中甘油三酯浓度;实时荧光定量PCR检测AMPK各亚基以及成脂分化相关基因的表达水平;用Western blotting检测过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARγ）、AMP依赖的蛋白激酶（AMPK）、p-AMPK （Thr-172）、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACC）的蛋白表达水平;通过Autodock Vina 1.20对葛根素、AMPKα亚基做分子对接预测。【结果】 甘油三酯测定结果显示,与Con组相比,Pue组甘油三酯浓度显著增加（P<0.05）;与Pue组相比,AICAR组甘油三酯浓度显著降低（P<0.05）。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,与Con组相比,Pue组PPKAG2、PPKAB1、PPKAB2、PPKAA1、PGC-1α表达量均显著降低（P<0.05）,Pue组C/EBPα、PPARγ、ACC表达量均显著增加（P<0.05）;与Pue组相比,AICAR组PPKAG1、PPKAG2、PPKAB1、PPKAB2、PPKAA1表达量显著增加（P<0.05）,AICAR组C/EBPα、PPARγ、ACC表达量均显著降低（P<0.05）,CompoundC组PPKAG1、PPKAG2、PPKAB2表达量均显著降低（P<0.05）,CompoundC组C/EBPα、ACC表达量均显著增加（P<0.05）。Western blotting结果显示,与Con组相比,Pue组PPARγ、ACC蛋白表达量显著增加（P<0.05）,AMPK、p-AMPK蛋白表达量显著下降（P<0.05）,且p-AMPK/AMPK显著下降（P<0.05）;与Pue组相比,AICAR组PPARγ、ACC蛋白表达量显著下降（P<0.05）,AMPK、p-AMPK蛋白表达量显著增加（P<0.05）,CompoundC组PPARγ、ACC蛋白表达量显著增加（P<0.05）,AMPK、p-AMPK蛋白表达量及p-AMPK/AMPK显著下降（P<0.05）。【结论】 40 μmol/L葛根素能够显著增加脂肪细胞中甘油三酯含量,显著上调成脂分化基因PPARγ、C/EBPα、ACC的表达量,显著下调AMPK各亚基的表达量,AMPK激活剂AIRCR可显著抑制葛根素的作用,说明葛根素可通过抑制AMPK通路调节松辽黑猪前体脂肪细胞成脂分化。     

海藻糖替代部分甘油对延边黄牛冻融精子质量的影响

[目的] 探讨是否可以通过补充海藻糖来降低冷冻保护剂中甘油的浓度,从而提高冻融精子的质量。[方法] 分别用6%甘油（Ⅰ组）及3%甘油+0、50、100和150 mmol/L海藻糖（Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组）处理精子,用精子-微生物动（静）态图像检测分析系统（CASA）检测冻融精子的活力、质膜完整性和顶体完整性及动力学相关参数,筛选出最佳海藻糖处理浓度用于后续试验。通过Western blotting方法检测精子蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化水平评价精子获能状态,Hoechst 33342/PI/JC-1联合染色法检测精子的活率及线粒体膜电位,色霉素A₃（CMA₃）染色法检测精子DNA的完整性,部花青540（M540）和Yo-Pro-1染色检测精子膜脂质紊乱水平。[结果] 与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组精子的活力、质膜完整性、顶体完整性以及曲线速度（VCL）和直线率（STR）均显著下降（P<0.05）,Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组组精子的活力、VCL、直线速度（VSL）、平均路径速度（VAP）、直线性运动（LIN）和STR均显著升高（P<0.05）。因此,后续试验选用100 mmol/L海藻糖处理精子。与新鲜精子相比,冻融精子获能后其蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化的条带显著减少（P<0.05）,冻融精子的活率和线粒体膜电位均显著降低（P<0.05）;冻融活精子和死精子的高度膜脂质紊乱水平均显著升高（P<0.05）,100 mmol/L海藻糖可显著降低高度膜脂质紊乱水平（P<0.05）;冻融精子的鱼精蛋白缺失率显著增加（P<0.05）,且Ⅱ组和100 mmol/L海藻糖组精子的鱼精蛋白缺失率显著低于Ⅰ组（P<0.05）。[结论] 海藻糖可作为一种新型冷冻保护剂降低甘油毒性,用100 mmol/L海藻糖替代部分甘油可显著改善延边黄牛冻融精子的质量。     

白藜芦醇对山羊冷冻精子质膜、DNA完整性和温度耐受性的影响

试验旨在研究白藜芦醇对山羊冷冻精子质膜、DNA完整性和温度耐受性的影响。采用假阴道法采集8只云上黑山羊精液,用含不同浓度(0、0.1、1、10和20μmol//L)白藜芦醇的Optidyl稀释液稀释后进行细管分装,对照组不添加白藜芦醇。在5℃平衡4 h后,将细管于液氮蒸气中预冻10 min,最后在液氮中保存30 d。37℃水浴解冻后,采用低渗耐受性试验检测质膜完整性和温度耐受性,精子染色质扩散法检测DNA碎片率等指标。结果显示,10μmol/L白藜芦醇冷冻组精子弯尾率显著高于其他各处理组(P0.05),而其他各冷冻组之间无显著性差异(P0.05);10μmol/L白藜芦醇冷冻组精子DNA碎片率极显著高于鲜精组(P0.01),极显著低于未添加白藜芦醇冷冻组(P0.01)。温度耐受性试验结果表明,不同浓度白藜芦醇冷冻组精子37℃水浴1 h后的精子弯尾率以10μmol/L冷冻组最高,与其他各冷冻组间差异极显著(P0.01);精子弯尾率随着孵育时间的延长而呈逐步下降的趋势,当孵育4 h时,10μmol/L白藜芦醇冷冻组精子弯尾率与对照组无显著差异(P0.05)。透射电镜结果表明,10μmol/L白藜芦醇组精子质膜完整率显著高于不添加白藜芦醇对照组(P0.05)。上述结果表明,在冷冻稀释液中添加白藜芦醇可显著改善山羊冻精质膜状态、DNA完整率和温度耐受性,其最佳作用浓度为10μmol/L,但白藜芦醇是否能改善山羊冻精的人工授精效果还有待进一步研究。     

The Effects of Resveratrol on the Quality of Frozen Sheep Semen

The effects of resveratrol on the quality of frozen-thawed sheep semen were studied in this study.Semen was collected from six Yunnan semi-fine wool sheep using artificial vagina.The semen was diluted with the Optidyl extender supplemented with resveratrol with a concentration of 0,0.1,1,10,or 20 μmol/L,followed by loading into plastic straws and equilibration at a low temperature.Then,the straws were pre-frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor,followed by storage in liquid nitrogen for 30 days.After thawing for 30 seconds in a 37 ℃ water bath,the parameters including sperm motility,acrosome integrity,membrane integrity,distribution of phosphatidylserine (PS) and ROS were measured.The results showed that the post-thaw sperm total motility,progressive motility and the rate of sperm with curved tail were 76.14%±0.97%,43.56%±0.91% and 43.24%±1.68% in the 10 μmol/L resveratrol group,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05).However,when the concentration of resveratrol in the freezing extender was 20 μmol/L,the post-thaw total motility,progressive motility and the rate of sperm with curved tail were 21.78%±0.79%,25.23%±1.34% and 4.84%±0.68%,respectively,which were significantly lower than those in the other groups (P<0.05).The acrosome integrity of sperm frozen in the 10 μmol/L resveratrol group was best,which was 50.47%±0.91% and significantly higher than the other treatments (P<0.05).The results of PS distribution showed that the percentage of viable sperm in the 10 μmol/L resveratrol group was 46.43%±2.95%,and significantly higher than that in the 20 μmol/L group (31.14%±3.56%,P<0.05),but there was no significant difference with the other groups (P>0.05).In addition,the PS labeling rate of sperm in the 20 μmol/L resveratrol group (39.82%±3.38%) was significantly higher than those of the other groups (P<0.05).In terms of ROS production,this study demonstrated that the rate of viable sperm (ROS and PI were negative) in the 10 μmol/L resveratrol group (63.57%±0.71%) was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P<0.05),while the rate of viable sperm (32.45%±1.42%) in the 20 μmol/L resveratrol group was significantly lower than those of the other groups (P<0.05).In conclusion,the post-thaw quality of sheep semen could be improved after the addition of resveratrol to the freezing extenders,which might be related to the antioxidant properties of resveratrol.But,the cryoprotective effects of resveratrol dependents on its used doses,and the optimal concentration was 10 μmol/L based on this present study.However,excessively high concentration of resveratrol could aggravate cryodamage on sperm.In addition,the protective effects of resveratrol on sheep sperm still needs to be verified by in vitro fertilization and artificial insemination.     

Effects of Resveratrol on in vitro Fertilization of Sheep Oocytes

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol (RES) at different concentrations (0,0.5,2.0,5.0 μmol/L) on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and antioxidant capacity of ovine oocytes and the secretion of steroid hormones by cumulus cells.Sheep oocytes were fertilized in vitro after maturated in different concentrations of RES for 24 h,and the in vitro maturation (IVM) medium was collected for detecting the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the content of monochrome display adapter (MDA).The ELISA method was used to detect the concentration of estradiol (E₂) and progesterone (P₄).The results showed that when compared to the control group,adding 0.5 μmol/L RES to the IVM medium significantly increased the cleavage rate (P<0.05),but had no significant effect on the fertilization rate and blastocyst rate (P>0.05);5.0 μmol/L RES significantly reduced the fertilization rate,cleavage rate and blastocyst rate (P<0.05),which had an inhibitory effect on embryonic development.Adding 0.5 μmol/L RES to IVM and IVC (in vitro culture,IVC) medium significantly increased the fertilization rate,cleavage rate and blastocyst rate (P<0.05).Compared to the control group,the addition of RES to IVM solution had a certain inhibitory effect on the secretion of E₂ by cumulus cells,5.0 μmol/L RES significantly reduced E₂ concentration (P<0.05);0.5 μmol/L RES significantly increased the P₄ secretion of cumulus cells (P<0.05).0.5 and 2.0 μmol/L RES increased the activity of SOD,GSH-Px and other enzymes,but there was no significant difference when compared with the control group (P>0.05),but significantly reduced MDA content (P<0.05),while 5.0 μmol/L RES significantly reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increased the content of MDA (P>0.05).In conclusion,0.5 μmol/L RES simultaneously added to IVM and IVC medium could enhance the antioxidant capacity of oocytes and concentration of P₄,and reduced the content of MDA,thus improved the cleavage rate and blastocyst rate.     

Study on the Role of AMPK Activator in Cryopreservation of Sheep Semen

This study aimed to investigate the effects of AMPK activators metformin (Met) and acadesine (AICAR) on sheep semen cryopreservation. Firstly, Met and AICAR with different concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 μmol·L^-1) were added into the frozen diluent. After freezing and thawing, the optimal concentration (400 μmol·L^-1 Met, 200 μmol·L^-1 AICAR) were selected based on sperm motility, motion performance and membrane integrity; Secondly, the collected semen was froze using different frozen diluents (control group:diluent; Met group:diluent + 400 μmol·L^-1 Met; AICAR group:diluent + 200 μmol·L^-1 AICAR). After thawing, the sperm AMPK protein expression, acrosomal enzyme activity, metabolic index, mitochondrial function and antioxidant enzyme activity were examined. The results showed that the addition of 400 μmol·L^-1 Met and 200 μmol·L^-1 AICAR could significantly improve sperm motility, motion performance and membrane integrity(P<0.05) after thawing. In 400 μmol·L^-1 Met group, the total sperm motility, acrosome integrity rate and plasma membrane integrity rate were 43.20%, 91% and 46%, respectively. Compared with the control group, the level of AMPK phosphorylation in the sperm of the Met and AICAR groups was significantly increased after thawing (P<0.05), the acrosome enzyme activity of sperm was significantly increased(P<0.05); the pyruvate level was significantly decreased (P<0.05), the lactate dehydrogenase activity, lactic acid content, and ATP content were significantly increased(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the dilution of Met group and AICAR group was more conducive to maintain mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.05), increase ATPase and antioxidant enzyme activity (P<0.05). The addition of appropriate concentrations of Met and AICAR could improve semen quality of cryopreservation in sheep.     

Effect of L-lysine Added in Diluent on the Fresh Semen Quality of Dorper Sheep

In order to explore the effect of different L-lysine levels added in semen dilution on the fresh Dorper sheep quality stored at liquid state,3 health Dorper ram were used to collect semen which were equal-packaged and added to solution containing different levels (0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 and 0.5 g) L-lysine in 120 mL diluent and at 0,6,24,30,48,54,72 and 78 h,the sperm motility,membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were detected.The results showed that the sperm motility in groups added 0,0.1 and 0.2 g L-lysine were higher than other groups,and that in 0.4 and 0.5 g L-lysine groups decreased faster than other groups;The sperm motility in 0.5 g L-lysine group reduced to 0 at 30 h,and it reduced to 0 at 48 h in the group added 0.4 g L-lysine;The effective survival time and survival index in the group added 0.1 g L-lysine was higher than other groups (P< 0.05);The membrane integrity of 0.1 g group was the highest,that had no significant difference with control group from 0 to 54 h (P >0.05),while after 72 h the two groups had significant differences (P< 0.05).The membrane integrity in 0.4 and 0.5 g groups were the worst,and that was significant different with other groups (P< 0.05);The acrosome integrity of 0.1 g group was the highest which had no significant difference with control group (P >0.05),0.4 and 0.5 g groups were the worst,the difference between them was not significant (P >0.05),while was extremely significant difference with other groups except for 0 and 6 h (P< 0.01).The results suggested that dilution added a high concentration of L-lysine could inhibit sperm quality,when the count of L-lysine was more than 0.2 g,sperm quality was significantly decreased,adding 0.1 g L-lysine could improve Dorper sheep fresh sperm quality stored at liquid state.     

稀释液中添加L-赖氨酸对杜泊羊鲜精液品质的影响

为了探讨添加不同水平L-赖氨酸的精液稀释液对杜泊羊鲜精液态保存下品质的影响,试验选用健康的杜泊种公羊3只,采集精液,等量分装,分别加入到含不同水平(0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4和0.5 g) L-赖氨酸的120 mL稀释液中,在0、6、24、30、48、54、72和78 h对精子活力、质膜完整率和顶体完整率进行检测。结果表明,添加0、0.1、0.2 g L-赖氨酸组精子活力较其他添加水平组高,添加0.4和0.5 g L-赖氨酸组精子活力下降速度快,添加0.5 g L-赖氨酸组精子活力在30 h时降为0,添加0.4 g L-赖氨酸组精子活力在48 h时降为0;添加0.1 g L-赖氨酸组精子有效存活时间和生存指数最高,与其他组间差异显著(P< 0.05);质膜完整率0.1 g组最高,贮存0~54 h间与对照组间差异不显著(P >0.05),72 h后与对照组间出现显著性差异(P< 0.05),0.4和0.5 g组最差,与其他组间差异显著(P< 0.05);顶体完整率0.1 g组最高,与对照组间差异不显著(P >0.05),0.4和0.5 g组最差,二者差异不显著(P >0.05),除贮存0和6 h外,与其他组间差异极显著(P< 0.01)。结果提示,稀释液中添加高浓度的L-赖氨酸对精液品质有抑制作用,当L-赖氨酸添加水平≥0.2 g,精子品质显著下降,添加0.1 g L-赖氨酸有助于提高杜泊羊鲜精液态保存的品质。     

白藜芦醇对体外培养的水牛卵丘细胞增殖活力及其相关基因mRNA表达的影响

[目的] 研究白藜芦醇（resveratrol,RES）对水牛卵丘细胞体外培养过程中细胞增殖活力、激素分泌、卵丘扩展及抗凋亡和抗氧化能力的影响。[方法] 用不同浓度（0（对照组）、1、10、20、30、40、50和60 μmol/L）RES培养卵丘细胞,用CCK-8试剂盒测定细胞增殖活力,筛选最佳RES处理浓度及时间用于后续试验。用ELISA法测定培养液中卵丘细胞分泌的雌二醇（estradiol,E₂）和孕酮（progesterone,P₄）的含量,实时荧光定量PCR法测定卵丘细胞扩展、凋亡和抗氧化相关基因的相对表达量。[结果] 与对照组相比,在体外培养24~36 h内,1、10和20 μmol/L RES组水牛卵丘细胞的增殖活力均有升高趋势,10 μmol/L RES处理36 h细胞活力最强,因此用于后续试验中细胞的处理。体外培养36 h时,10 μmol/L RES组细胞增殖能力和E₂、P₄的分泌显著增加（P<0.05）;10 μmol/L RES组卵丘细胞扩展相关基因穿透素3（PTX3）、前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2（PTGS2）、抗凋亡基因B淋巴细胞瘤-2（Bcl-2）和超氧化物歧化酶1（SOD1）基因mRNA相对表达量显著或极显著增加（P<0.05;P<0.01）,而促凋亡基因Bcl-2相关蛋白（Bax）、半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3（Caspase-3）和p21的表达量显著或极显著降低（P<0.05;P<0.01）,透明质酸合酶2（HAS2）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的表达量无显著差异（P>0.05）。[结论] 培养液中添加10 μmol/L RES能够提高水牛卵丘细胞体外培养的增殖活力,促进卵丘细胞激素分泌和卵丘细胞扩展,并增强卵丘细胞抗氧化能力并减少细胞凋亡。