应用LSDV-ELISA抗体检测试剂盒检测羊痘疫苗免疫牛血清抗体水平

目前国内尚无商品化的牛结节性皮肤病疫苗，对于该病的防控，我国采用羊痘疫苗进行紧急免疫。为了验证牛结节性皮肤病病毒ELISA抗体检测试剂盒对羊痘疫苗免疫血清抗体水平检测的适用性，本研究采用实验室试制的牛结节性皮肤病病毒ELISA抗体检测试剂盒和病毒中和试验对羊痘病毒活疫苗免疫血清、在研牛结节性皮肤病灭活疫苗（山羊痘AV41株）免疫血清进行抗体水平评价。结果显示，对于羊痘活疫苗免疫血清，ELISA方法和病毒中和试验方法对免疫15d抗体阳性率分别为84.4%和75.6%，免疫30d抗体阳性率分别为100%和95.6%，免疫60d抗体阳性率分别为97.8%和91.1%；与病毒中和试验符合率为86.1%。对于牛结节性皮肤病灭活疫苗（山羊痘AV41株）免疫血清，ELISA方法和病毒中和试验方法对一免28d抗体阳性率分别为64%和56%，二免28d抗体阳性率分别为94%和88%，二免42d阳性率均为100%；与病毒中和试验符合率为86.5%。试验证明，实验室试制的牛结节性皮肤病病毒ELISA抗体检测试剂盒与病毒中和试验符合率较高，检测结果较为一致，且本试剂盒敏感性高于病毒中和试验。因此本试剂盒可用于...     

岔口驿马产区马腺疫和马鼻肺炎血清学调查

为明确岔口驿马产区内马腺疫(equine strangles)和马鼻肺炎(equine rhinopneumonitis, ER)流行情况，保障岔口驿马产业健康稳定发展，特进行血清学调查。按随机采样方式，采集甘肃省天祝县16个乡镇的岔口驿马血清510份，用ELISA方法进行马链球菌(Streptococcus equi,S.equi)和马疱疹病毒(Equine herpesviruse, EHV)抗体检测。结果显示，510份马血清中检测出S.equi抗体阳性血清73份，总阳性率为14.31%;检测出EHV抗体阳性血清66份，总阳性率为12.94%。其中，1岁龄以内马匹S.equi和EHV抗体阳性率分别为1.04%、8.33%,1岁至3岁龄马匹抗体阳性率分别为27.19%、14.04%,3岁至5岁马匹抗体阳性率分别为17.33%、14.67%,5岁以上马匹抗体阳性率分别为10.00%、13.33%,且存在同时检测出S.equi和EHV抗体阳性的情况，混合抗体阳性率为6.27%。岔口驿马产区应针对马腺疫和马鼻肺炎，因地制宜，科学制定防控措施。     

2017—2019年安徽省部分禽场禽白血病定点监测

为了解安徽省部分禽场禽白血病病毒（avian leucosis virus，ALV）感染情况，2017—2019年，采用ELISA检测试剂盒，对安徽省59个禽场的3 275份血清和2 100份蛋清进行ALV-J抗体、ALV-A/B抗体和p27抗原检测，并对相关结果进行三间分布数据分析。结果显示：2017—2019年ALV-J抗体、ALV-A/B抗体和p27抗原平均抗体阳性率分别为19.36%、7.66%和5.90%；从不同养殖规模看，大型场的ALV-J抗体、ALV-A/B抗体和p27抗原的场阳性率分别为73.91%、73.91%和62.52%，均高于中型场和小型场；从不同场点类型来看，祖代场的ALV-J抗体和p27抗原的个体阳性率最高，分别为21.52%和6.01%，商品代场的ALV-A/B抗体的个体阳性率最高；从不同养殖品种看，黄羽肉鸡ALV-J抗体个体阳性率（26.24%）、鸭ALV-A/B抗体个体阳性率（12.31%）均高于其他禽种。结果表明，安徽省禽白血病流行较为严重，尤其是大型场、祖代场以及肉鸡和鸭的ALV感染风险较高。建议进一步加强对高风险禽场和禽群的禽白血病监测，持续推进禽白血病净化工作。     

双江县2020—2022年猪瘟、猪蓝耳病免疫抗体监测结果分析

为了掌握双江县2020—2022年规模化养殖场和散养户猪群中猪瘟、猪蓝耳病免疫抗体现状，随机在双江县内接种过猪瘟、蓝耳病疫苗的规模场和散养户中采集猪血清样品584份，应用ELISA方法进行猪瘟、猪蓝耳病抗体的检测和分析。结果：2020—2022年猪瘟抗体合格率分别为92.41%、91.67%、85%,其中规模场抗体合格率分别为80%、84%、72%,散养户抗体合格率分别为95.98%、94.61%、90%,均达到国家强制免疫标准(70%);2020—2022年猪蓝耳病抗体合格率分别为88.84%、62.78%、58.33%,其中规模场抗体合格率分别为100%、76%、62%,散养户抗体合格率分别为85.63%、62.5%、56.92%。近三年猪瘟免疫效果理想，但猪蓝耳病免疫效果不理想，猪瘟、猪蓝耳病抗体水平均呈逐年下降的趋势，需进一步采取应对措施，提高区域内的生猪疫病防控水平，并为双江县内猪瘟、猪蓝耳病的有效防控提供参考依据。     

临西县猪瘟病毒、口蹄疫病毒O型和A型抗体血清学检测与分析

为了解河北省临西县部分猪场猪瘟病毒和口蹄疫病毒疫苗免疫效果，本研究于2022年从临西县部分猪场采集血清样品550份，采用ELISA法分别检测猪瘟、口蹄疫病毒O型和A型抗体合格率，并进一步统计和分析数据。结果显示，该地区猪群口蹄疫O型和A型抗体合格率均超过90%，而猪瘟抗体合格率为77.3%，均达到国家70%以上合格率的要求。进一步分析发现，所有猪场/发育阶段猪群口蹄疫O型和A型抗体合格率差异较小，所有猪场合格率均高于80%；但不同猪场和发育阶段猪群猪瘟抗体合格率存在差异，部分猪场猪瘟抗体阳性率低于70%；保育猪和育肥猪较母猪群抗体阳性率低，分别为70.39%和66.67%。以上研究结果表明，临西县口蹄疫O型、A型和猪瘟疫苗免疫效果均较好，超过国家制定的最低标准，但仍然有个别猪场或猪群存在猪瘟疫苗抗体合格率不高的现象，应引起重视。     

云南某中小规模猪场主要疫病的抗体监测

为了掌握云南楚雄地区某中小规模猪场的疫苗接种情况及免疫效果，及时发现存在的问题和隐患，采集云南省某规模化养猪场100头母猪的血清样品，采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对主要疫病的免疫抗体水平进行检测。结果显示：该猪场猪瘟病毒抗体阳性率为75%，猪圆环病毒2型抗体阳性率为100%，猪伪狂犬病毒gB抗体阳性率为100%，猪支原体抗体阳性率为75%。猪瘟病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、猪支原体、猪伪狂犬病毒gB的抗体水平均高于国家标准（>70%），免疫抗体水平均合格。     

2019年黑龙江省兽医实验室检测能力比对

2019年黑龙江省动物疫病预防与控制中心对全省13个市（地）、67个县（市、区）的80个兽医实验室开展了检测能力比对，比对项目包括禽流感抗体检测、猪瘟抗体检测、布鲁氏菌抗体检测、非洲猪瘟病毒核酸检测。结果显示，6个市级实验室和14个县级实验室比对结果正确率为100%，禽流感抗体、猪瘟抗体、布鲁氏菌抗体、非洲猪瘟病毒核酸检测项目结果正确率分别为71.2%、97.3%、73.3%、97.0%。比对结果客观反映了全省兽医系统实验室检测能力，提示应进一步加强实验室建设，加大资金投入，提升技术人员业务能力，规范实验室检测流程。     

猪瘟疫苗免疫母猪所产仔猪的母源抗体检测

采用间接血凝试验（IHA）和斑点酶联免疫吸附试验（Dot-ELISA)检测仔猪血清猪瘟母源抗体，其在10、20、30和40日龄的抗体阳性率分别为94.1%、96.9%、70.4%、31.0%和82.4%、96.9%、74.1%、34.5%，表明IHA用于仔猪早期的母源抗体检测比Dot-ELISA更敏感。在此基础上用IHA检测了10、15、20、25、30、35、40和45日龄仔猪血清母源抗体，其群体抗体阳性率分别为97.1%、95.1%、93.9%、80.0%、74.3%、38.2%、36.7%和33.3%，抗体平均效价分别为1：109、1：70、1：47、1：29、1：23、1：10、1：9和1：8。     

四川省部分种猪场猪瘟血清抗体的检测

2001年从四川省9个市13个种猪场采集种猪血清样本1084份，用HA和ELISA检测猪瘟抗体。结果表明，HA平均免疫合格率为82.56%，最高的达100％，最低的为38.77%，ELISA野毒感染抗体阳性率平均为21.86%，最高的达63.81%，ELISA野毒感染抗体阳性场占84.6%(11/13)。     

鸡鸭H7N9禽流感和新城疫抗体水平检测结果分析

为掌握衢州市衢江区鸡鸭H7N9禽流感和新城疫的免疫效果，笔者从2019至2021年连续3年对辖区内的规模养殖场及散养户鸡和鸭开展免疫抗体水平检测。检测结果表明，鸡H7N9禽流感、鸡新城疫及鸭H7N9禽流感的抗体合格率分别为93.91%、79.75%及90.96%,均达到国家规定合格率，其中鸡H7N9禽流感的抗体合格率显著高于鸡新城疫的抗体合格率(P=0.014);规模场的新城疫抗体合格率为88.37%显著高于散养户的抗体合格率61.15%(P=0.012);H7N9禽流感抗体合格率与新城疫抗体合格率在上半年和下半年间没有显著差异，说明季节对抗体合格率的影响较小。     

反刍动物后肠道对碳水化合物的消化吸收研究进展

本文就反刍动物后肠道的容积、食糜存留时间、微生物、淀粉及纤维物质的消化能力及影响因素、VFA的产生与吸收以及后肠道对碳水化合物消化能力与利用等方面进行了综述。后肠道的内容物相当于瘤胃的 15 %～2 6 % ,大肠食糜存留时间为 10～ 2 9h ,5 %～ 30 %的纤维素和 30 %～ 4 0 %半纤维素在大肠消化 ,产生的VFA相当于总产量的 8%～ 17% ,提供相当于进食量 8.6 %的代谢能 ,满足机体 5 %～ 13%的葡萄糖需要。     

放牧牦牛暖棚补饲效果观察

通过对放牧牦牛全舍饲进行补饲,期中试验组公牛组增重1.19kg,增重率为1.71%。对照组公牛增重-8.02kg,增重率为-13.13%。试验组公牛比对照组公牛多增重9.21kg,高14.306%,差异性极显著(Pp<0.01)。期中试验组母牛增重4.78kg,增重率为6.63%,对照组母牛增重-7.82kg,增重率为-13.80%,试验组母牛比对照组母牛多增重12.60kg,高20.43%,差异性极显著(P<0.01)。期末试验组公牛增重4.47kg,增重率为6.01%,对照组公牛增重-11.55kg,增重率-23.31%,试验组公牛比对照组公牛多增重16.02kg,高29.32%,差异性极显著(P<0.01)。期末实验组母牛增重10.20kg,增重率为12.39%,对照组母牛增重-10.38kg,增重率为-22.42%,组母牛比对照组母牛多增重22.48kg,高34.81%,差异性极显著(P<0.01)。     

A Serological Study on The Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii in Meat-Producing Animals in Sweden

Sera from 200 sheep, swine and cattle, respectively, collected at slaughter at each of 3 abattoirs situated in the north, middle and south of Sweden were examined for the presence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. Seropositive animals (titre ≥ 1:20) were found at the following rates from north to south: sheep 60%, 66% and 68.5%, swine 9%, 2.5% and 37%, and cattle 10%, 6 % and 35%. The significance of the serological findings is discussed, and it is concluded that T. gondii infection is common in Swedish farm animals. Thus the meat from particularly swine and sheep may provide a potential source of human toxoplasmosis.     

放牧牦牛冷季补饲效果观察

本试验以1岁、2岁公牛和成年母牦牛为研究对象,了解冷季补饲对放母牦牛生产性能的影响。试验选取1岁、2岁公牛和成年母牦牛各20头,不同年龄的牦牛均随机平分为试验组和对照组。试验时间为2010年10月13日～2011年4月30日,共计183d。结果试验组1岁牛总增重-2.31kg,增重率为-2.53%。夏季平均体重116.53kg,增重25.17kg,增重率为21.60%。对照组1岁牛总增重-14.17kg,增重率为-18.34%。夏季体重90.36kg,增重13.11kg,增重率为14.51%。试验组2岁牛总增重-8.11kg,增重率为-6.00%。夏季体重178.55kg,增重43.44kg,增重率为24.33%。对照组2岁牛总增重-14.17kg,增重率为-18.34%。夏季体重147.61kg,增重24.27kg,增重率为16.44%。试验组成年母牛总增重-43.37kg,增重率为-24.16%。夏季体重208.44kg,增重25.17kg,增重率为21.60%。对照组成年母牦牛总增重-50.81kg,增重率为-22.42%。夏季体重188.11kg,增重32.79kg,增重率为17.43%。结果表明冷季补饲有助于放牧牦牛生长发育。     

Twins rate in the black-and-white cattle population in Lithuania

Obtaining the maximal number of calves from each cow according to its natural genetic reproduction ability is the main condition of intensification of reproduction and increase of milk production. Twins rate in the black-and-white cattle population in Lithuania is 2.4%. Cows whose mothers have calved twins at least 1 time during reproductive life have twins in 5.6% of all calvings, the others--in 1.9%. Twins rate in separate bulls daughters range from 1% to 6.1%. Twins rate in cows range from 0.4% to 5% by separate bulls-getters. Productivity of 305 days lactation after having twins is better (551.2+/-68.1 kg of milk, 18.4 +/-2.9 kg of fat and 21.5+/-2.4 kg of protein, P < 0.001). The rate of twin births increases when lactation is increased. The influence of lactation on rate of twin births is 0.6% in total dispersion (P < 0.001). The influence of calving season on twins rate is statistically insignificant but the parts of twins by calving seasons are distributed differently.     

牦牛细管冻精人工授精情期受胎率的观察

对150头母牦牛开展了牦牛细管冻精人工授精试验。试验结果显示:试验母牛在第一情期发情率63.33%,第二情期发情率50.00%,第一情期与第二情期发情差异性不显著﹙P>0.05﹚。第一情期受胎率为53.95%,第二情期受胎率88.46%,第一情期与第二情期受胎率之间差异极显著﹙P<0.01﹚;试验组母牛平均受胎率62.75%与对照组80.00%受胎率之间无差异(P>0.05)。     

Survey of utilization of medetomidine and atipamezole in private veterinary practice in Quebec in 2002

This survey evaluates early perceptions about the use of medetomidine and atipamezole among veterinary practitioners in Quebec in 2002. Response rate was 23.5%; 71.1% of the practitioners did not use these products because of lack of information (69.3%), unavailability of the drugs in the practice (23.3%), or other reasons (7.3%), including concerns about the safety of alpha-2 agonists. Most veterinarians who used these products (70.4%) used them only rarely. Sedation by medetomidine was qualified as good (44.2%) or excellent (36%), and analgesia as good (46.5%) or average (32.7%). Waking up after atipamezole was qualified as good (47.5%) or excellent (40.9%). These perceptions indicate an opportunity for wider use of the products in veterinary practice. With more education and experience, practitioners could find medetomidine hydrochloride alone or in combination with an opioid useful for sedation, analgesia, and premedication for healthy animals. Reversal with atipamezole hydrochloride is considered effective, when residual sedation is undesirable.     

新疆北部地区MODIS积雪遥感数据MOD10A1的精度分析

以新疆北部牧区为研究区,结合气象台站记录的雪情数据和土地利用类型,对比分析了2001年11月1日-2005年3月31日的MODIS每日积雪产品MOD10A1积雪制图精度。研究表明,1)晴天时MOD10A1产品的精度很高,总精度可达到98.5%,积雪分类精度为98.2%。2)地面台站的积雪分类精度和总精度同海拔之间的相关系数仅为0.04和0.02,但积雪深度与积雪分类精度之间存在显著的相关性。当雪深1~3 cm时积雪分类精度为54.1%~94.3%;当雪深3~36 cm时,积雪分类精度均大于90%;当雪深大于36 cm时,漏测次数为零,积雪分类精度将保持在100%。3)土地利用类型对积雪分类精度有一定的影响。在农田、草原和城市建筑用地3种类型上的总精度分别为97.9%,98.9%和96.9%,积雪分类精度分别为98.0%,98.5%和94.4%。4)3种土地利用类型在不同雪深下的总精度和积雪分类精度都较高。农田、草原和城市建筑用地上的最低积雪分类精度分别为94.6%,95.3%和89.5%,且最低积雪分类精度都出现在雪深为1~10 cm的分段上,这个结果与积雪分类精度随雪深的增加而增加相一致。     

Salmonellosis in breeds of pigs with latent infections and in salmonellosis foci

The occurrence of salmonellae in pigs in Slovakia is described for the period from 1971 to 1980. On the whole, 1430 strains (11 serological types) of salmonellae were isolated in stocks with latent infections. The proportions of the serological types were as follows: S. agona 0.69%, S. anatum 0.14%, S. arizona 0.07%, S. bareilly 0.14%, S. decatur 0.07%, S. enteritidis 1.12%, S. give 0.28%, S. heidelberg 0.07%, S. choleraesuis 93.71%, S. panama 0.07% and S. typhimurium 2.45%. In 1315 salmonellosis foci 1333 strains (six serological types) of salmonellae were isolated. The proportions of the serological types were as follows: S. agona 0.37%, S. anatum 0.07%, S. bareilly 0.22%, S. enteritidis 1.20%, S. choleraesuis 90.59% and S. typhimurium 5.30%. The annual pattern of the occurrence of the most frequent serological types is described.     

Leptospirosis in dogs in Slovakia]

Out of 571 serologically investigated dogs from Bratislava and all regions of Slovakia and Moravia, 26.1% presented antibodies reacting with leptospiral antigens. The lowing seropositivity in dogs from Bratislava was found in lap dogs--11.1%, the highest one in farm dogs--35.3% (Tab. I). The seropositivity of police dogs from different regions of Slovakia and Moravia varied from 24.0% to 47.6% (Tab. II). The age of dogs progressing, their seropositivity rose from 3.1% in animals younger than one year to 33.3% in those aged seven years and in older ones (Tab. III). The predominant serovars causing infections of dogs were L. grippotyphosa (58.9% of infections) and serovars of both Sejroe (21.0%) and Icterohaemorrhagiae groups (15.3%). The serovars bratislava/jalna, pomond/mozdok and tarassovi were only rarely involved in these infections, canicola and arborea only exceptionally (Tab. IV). At present, in the Czechoslovak conditions the dogs do not play a significant role as reservoirs of human leptospirosis, and the predominant serovars may only cause irregular and short-time lasting leptospiruria. This is why the reasonableness of actual vaccination of dogs, possibly with the exception of the vaccination against Weil's disease, is doubtful. Dog is a good indicator of the distribution of different leptospiral serovars in its environment. It seems reasonable to practice occasionally serological investigations of these animals in order to detect possible changes in infecting leptospiral serovars. Consequently, adequate epizootological measures could be taken (e. g. modification of the composition of a leptospiral vaccine for dogs).