PMSG对兔超数排卵的影响及卵巢组织学观察

分别用50IU和100IU两种剂量的PMSG对两组各13只成年哈白母兔进行超排处理,48小时后配种,同时耳静脉一次性注射人hCG 50IU,52小时后手术冲卵.50IU和100IU两种剂量处理后的母兔卵巢平均排卵点数分别为10.83个和13.80个(P＞0.05),平均获卵数分别为7.05个和7.96个(P＞0.05),平均充血卵泡数分别为7.30个和15.36个(P＜0.01);50IU处理情况下,卵巢单位面积各级卵泡数量(个/1000μm2),原始卵泡43±4,初级卵泡10±1,次级卵泡3±1,充血卵泡2±1;100IU处理情况下,原始卵泡52±5,初级卵泡14±4,次级卵泡6±1,充血卵泡4±1.卵泡膜在卵泡细胞达2层时出现,透明带在卵泡细胞达3层时出现,卵泡腔在初级卵泡末期、卵泡颗粒细胞层达7层时出现.     

不同剂量的PMSG对獭兔超数排卵效果的影响

本次试验选择了16只同年獭兔随机平均分成4组(A,B,C,D组),每组4只,A、B、C组为试验组,D组为对照组。其中A、B、C组每只獭兔分别肌肉注射30IU、60IU、90IU的PMSG,D组每只獭兔肌肉注射浓度为0.9%的生理盐水10mL,24h后4组实验兔一次性耳静脉注射45IU的HCG,同时进行配种。试验结果表明:PMSG的刺激对兔卵巢发育有明显影响,卵巢体积大小的差异随着PMSG剂量的增加而明显增大;试验组与对照组相比,试验组的排卵点数和充血卵泡数差异极显著(P<0.01),经30IU、60IU和90IU 3种剂量的PMSG处理后,90IU剂量的PMSG使卵巢体积增大,排卵点数增加,并且充血卵泡数也明显增加,但获卵数增加并不明显(P>0.05)。     

新西兰白兔超数排卵试验研究

采用国产FSH和德国产PMSG对58只新西兰白兔进行超数排卵试验.结果表明:①两种激素均有较好的超数排卵效果,FSH组平均排卵点和平均回收胚胎数分别为28.5±18.0个、22.5±13.2枚;PMSG组分别为27.0±11.9个、23.6±9.8枚.经t检验,两者差异不显著(P＞0.05),但从超排母兔回收胚胎的分布情况看,PMSG组的超排效果更稳定些.②右侧卵巢排卵数无论是FSH组(53.7%),还是PMSG组(50.5%)均高于左侧卵巢(分别为46.3%和49.5%),FSH组左、右侧卵巢排卵数差异极显著(P＜0.01),PMSG组差异不显著(P＞0.05).③两种激素在春季对母兔的超排效果都明显地优于秋季(P＜0.01).     

大鼠卵巢对不同超排处理的反应

将大鼠19只分为4组,第1、2、3组各5只,分别用PMSG 50 IU+HCG 60 IU、FSH50 IU+LH60 IU和P MSG50 IU连续处理3次;第4组4只(对照组),注射生理盐水0.5 mL.以上各组均采用腹腔注射,每次注射间隔时间24 h,最后一次注射后24 h剖检,测量卵巢体积、重量和排卵数.结果表明,不同试验组卵巢体积明显比对照组大(P<0.05),卵巢重量也有增加,但差异不显著(P<0.05).不同试验组都引起排卵,第1组排卵数最多,第2组最少,但差异不显著.     

兔超数排卵效果及早期胚胎体外发育的研究

实验分30、40、50和60 IU PMSG和150 IU hCG 4组超数排卵处理,对卵巢进行组织学观察,获得胚胎进行体外培养,研究其发育形态学变化。结果表明:注射30 IU PMSG超排效果较好,平均回收卵(18.4±11.1)枚,回收率89.7%;4种剂量显著(P<0.05)影响充血卵泡中颗粒细胞层数和直径,对原始卵泡没有显著影响(P>0.05),对次级卵泡的颗粒细胞层厚、颗粒细胞层数和颗粒细胞直径有极影响显著(P<0.01);30 IU组初级卵泡中颗粒细胞直径显著(P<0.05)小于40 IU和60 IU组;实验所采用的培养体系可以使胚胎正常发育至孵化囊胚,胚胎发育速度与在体内相近,受精后62～74 h开始进入囊胚期,受精后86～98 h囊胚开始孵化,15 h所有存活胚胎全部进入孵化胚阶段,囊胚发育率85.4%,孵化率70.7%。     

混合促性腺激素制剂与强制配种对家兔排卵效果的比较

本文选择18只母兔(空怀)随机分为2个试验组及1个对照组,各组 6只,利用HCG、PMSG组成的混合 GTH制剂对家兔的排卵效果进行试验研究。结果表明:注射 15个国际单位的混合 GTH制剂组排卵数显著(P<0.01),明显高于强制配种母兔的排卵数,比注射10个国际单位组母兔的排卵数提高3013％。     

波尔山羊和本地山羊超数排卵和胚胎移植试验初报

采用常规超排方法，使用促卵泡素(FSH)对波尔山羊进行超排处理，其结果如下：用300IU的FSH对波尔山羊逐日渐量递减注射，在第一次配种的同时注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)，2只波尔山羊卵巢上卵泡数和黄体数分别为50个和32个，回收的卵子数为22个，排卵率为64％，回收率为68．7％，可用胚胎率为0。本地羊超排处理后，3只羊卵巢上卵泡数和黄体数分别为66个和24个，排卵率为36．3％，回收的数为16个，回收率为66．7％，可用胚胎率为0。一以上结果表明：以300IU的FSH结合HCG对波尔山羊进行超排处理是有效的。而以相同的FSH剂量结合HCG处理本地山羊时。超排效果不甚理想。     

海门山羊超数排卵,卵巢反应和胚胎发育观察

用促性腺激素 FSH(280IU 和340IU)、PMSG(1000IU)对海门山羊进行超数排卵处理,并比较它们的超排效果.试验结果表明:用280IU 的 FSH 超排,排卵数平均为7.5±4.6;用340IU 的 FSH 超排,排卵数平均为8.6±6.2;用 PMSG 超排,排卵数平均为5.5.FSH 处理超排效果比 PMSG 处理效果好。FSH 组的两种剂量间的效果差异不显著(P>0.05);卵巢对激素的反应比较明显,卵泡多,卵巢体积增大.经观察,胚胎发育在发情配种后的第3天,以单细胞受精卵到2细胞阶段的胚胎趋多;第4天,以4—8细胞阶段的胚胎趋多;第5天,以16—32细胞阶段趋多;第6天,发育到桑椹胚;第7—8天,以囊胚趋多。这一结果,为海门山羊今后进行胚胎工程提供了参考价值。     

不同剂量PMSG/HCG对小鼠超数排卵的效果

确定昆明种小白鼠超排的最佳激素剂量和分析其他影响超排的因素。将40只雌性昆明小白鼠随机分为四组。每组注射PMSG和HCG分别为5IU＋5IU、5IU＋10IU、10IU＋5IU和10IU＋10IU,注射间隔时间为48h,比较排出卵母细胞的数量。结果表明,试验3组小鼠排出卵母细胞的平均数量（57．1枚）,显著（P〈0．05）高于试验1组（42．7枚）和试验2组（41．7枚）,极显著（P〈0．01）高于试验4组（30．7枚）。其它三组间无显著差异。左右卵巢的排卵数也未表现出明显差异。初步说明昆明小白鼠超排的最佳激素剂量为10IU PMSG＋5IU HCG,但要想得到很好的超排效果还要考虑其他因素。     

应用激素诱导家兔同期发情和提高受胎率的研究

<正> 家兔是诱发排卵的动物,发情母兔经交配刺激后,脑下垂体前叶释放促黄体生成素(LH),从而引起卵巢排卵。因此,在家兔人工受精前用激素促使母兔卵泡发育和排卵,就可以不经公兔爬跨而使母兔受胎。 我们应用国产孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)和促卵泡刺激素(FSH),作为促使卵泡发育和发情的药物;用绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)和促黄体生成素(LH),作为促使卵巢排卵的药物,诱导家兔同期发情和提高受胎率。     

非繁殖季节母驴诱导发情、排卵效果的研究

[目的]研究前列腺素F2α（PGF2α）、孕马血清促性腺激素（PMSG）、人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）3种激素在不同处理方案下对内蒙古通辽地区乏情期母驴卵泡生长情况、排卵率、发情率、受胎率与妊娠率的影响。[方法]将50头2～6岁、体重接近、体况良好、处于乏情期的母驴随机分为A、B、C、D4组,其中D组为未使用任何激素的空白对照组。首先,采用PGF2α、PMSG进行诱导发情试验,对A、B、C3组母驴注射2mL／头PGF2α,连续处理5d,第6天对A、B组母驴分别注射PMSG 1000IU,头和500IU,头;C组不做PMSG处理。诱导发情后将A、B组再细分为A1、A2和B1、B2组,当A1、B1、C3组中母驴卵泡直径大于35mm时注射hCG（总量1500IU）进行诱导排卵;A2、B2不做hCG处理,由卵泡自然发育至排卵。对所有诱导发情后有发情表现的母驴进行自然本交。同时,在试验期间利用直肠检查和B超检查对母驴的卵巢发育进行监测。『结果]c组发情率为30％,经PGF2α处理第5天时卵巢黄体基本全部消退;A组和B组的发情率分别为93．33％和86．66％,二者差异不大,但均明显高于C组。A1、B1最终的排卵率为100％和77．78％,而A2和B2的排卵率为60．00％和50．00％。A,组受胎率和妊娠率最高,分别达到了88．89％和80．00％,其次是B,组分别为66．67％和60．00％,B2、C2组的受胎率和妊娠率都较低,D组虽然有1头母驴发情,但配种后未妊娠。[结论]单独使用PGF2α对非繁殖季节母驴诱导发情效果不明显,但其对消除母驴黄体有明显作用;PGF2α与PMSG联用对诱导乏情母驴发情效果较好。使用PGF2α与PMSG对处于乏情期的母驴诱导发情后,注射hCG对母驴卵巢上优势卵泡具有明显的促进排卵作用,能加快优势卵泡的排卵,且明显提高母驴的排卵率。该试验确定的最佳方案为：注射0．2mgPGF2α连续处理5d,第6天注射PMSG 500lU,当优势卵泡直径达35mm时注射hCG 1500lU,排卵后配种。     

The Effect of Sulpiride Treatment During the Periovulatory Period on Prolactin Concentration and Ovulation in the Mare

Sixteen estrous cycles from 10 cyclic mares were randomly assigned to a control or sulpiride group (n = 8 each). All mares received 1,500 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (hour 0) during estrus with a follicular diameter ≥32 mm. Mares were scanned every 12 hours until ovulation. In the treatment group, beginning at hour 0, each mare received 1.5 mg/kg of sulpiride every 12 hours intra-muscularly until ovulation or formation of a luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF). Concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) were measured by radioimmunoassay. In each group, there were 10 preovulatory follicles for the eight cycles. The ovulation rate (9/10, 90%) was similar in the control and sulpiride groups. Two mares formed an LUF, which was first detected at hours 48 and 72 for the sulpiride and control mares, respectively. The interval from hCG to ovulation was 49.5 ± 11.1 and 43.5 ± 5.8 hours, for the control and sulpiride groups, respectively (P > .5). LH followed the typical preovulatory surge pattern, with no difference between groups (P > .5). Sulpiride administration increased PRL concentration in treated mares at 24 (P < .1), 36, and 48 hours (P < .05) after treatment. In conclusion, sulpiride administration every 12 hours increased PRL concentration in treated mares after 24 hours of the beginning of treatment. However, at this time window and concentration, PRL did not have any effect on ovulation. The control mare that developed an LUF had a PRL concentration similar to other ovulatory control mares (always ≤10 ng/mL).     

Progesterone plus PMSG Priming in seasonally anovulatory lactating Sarda ewes exposed to the ram effect

The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effectiveness (fertility and lambing) of priming with a single injection of progesterone plus PMSG in anovulatory lactating Sarda ewes subjected to the ram effect (RE) in spring. Thirty ewes (P4 group) were i.m. injected with 30 mg progesterone and 500 IU PMSG 36 h before ram introduction (d 0). This treatment was compared to a 12-day treatment with fluorogestone acetate intravaginal sponges that was followed by injections of 350 IU PMSG upon sponge withdrawal (FGA group, n=30). All ewes responded to RE, showing plasma progestrone concentrations >1 ng/mL between d 6 and 12 (FGA) or 6 and 9 (P4). Eighty-nine percent of the P4 ewes conceived at first ovulation, and 11% conceived following a short estrus cycle. Lambings occurred on d 150.4 +/- 3.9, and the lambing rate was 100%. The fertility of the FGA ewes was 83% for the induced ovulation and was 7% for the second ovulation after a normal cycle. The FGA ewes lambed on d 149.8 +/- 4.4, and the lambing rate was 83%. Two abortions were recorded for the FGA ewes, which had higher prolificacy than the P4 group (2.2 +/- 0.8 vs. 1.8 +/- 0.4, respectively; P<0.05). Both fertility and the lambing rate were high in both groups, with a high degree of estrus synchronization, and there were no significant differences between the groups. We concluded that priming of lactating Sarda ewes in spring with P4+PMSG before RE is an effective and competitive method (cheaper and more practical than FGA+PMSG) of inducing fertile ovulations in these ewes.     

Orientation studies of ovulation release in mice to test gonadotropic preparations. 2. FSH, PMSG and Gn-RH activity

The doses of FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), PMSG (pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin), and gn-RH (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone) effective in terms of triggering ovulation were determined in a mouse ovulation test. Varying doses of the above preparations were subcutaneously injected, 48 hours after overstimulation by injection of 0.5 or 1.0 IU of PMSG. The animals were sacrificed for examination, after another 18-20 hours had passed. Roughly 50 per cent of all animals treated (threshold) in one and the same dosage group (n = 5) had ovulated in response to 0.02-0.1 IU of FSH per animal. The following FSH and PMSG dosages are recommended: 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 IU of FSH, 0.6, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8, 2.2, 2.6, 3.0 IU of PMSG. When mouse ovulation tests were used in orientation studies, ovulation was regularly induced by Gn-RH doses per animal between 0.01 and 1.0 micrograms. Dosage spacings or increments should be specified with higher accuracy by further studies.     

不同剂量生殖激素对小鼠超排效果的影响

为了探讨孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)和人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)对小鼠超数排卵的最佳组合剂量、最佳注射时间间隔,本试验以成熟实验小鼠为试验动物,分别采用不同剂量PMSG(5IU、7.5IU、10IU、12.5IU)与不同剂量HCG(5IU、7.5IU、10IU、12.5IU)组合注射小鼠进行排卵效果研究,并以44h、46h、48h、50h的间隔时间对小鼠进行超数排卵处理试验。结果表明,(10+10)IU剂量组合处理的见栓小鼠平均获卵数最高(10.3枚);在注射间隔为48h试验组中见栓小鼠平均获卵数最高(8.4枚)。提示本试验条件下,小鼠超排中PMSG与HCG组合剂量为10IU、注射时间间隔为48h时超排效果较好。     

The effect of the seasons on the ovarian response in sheep after the administration of the serum gonadotropin, PMSG

In the autumn oestrus season, 20 Slovak Merino ewes were exposed to synchronization of oestrus, treated with the PGF2alfa at doses 125 micrograms (Oestrophan, inj. Spofa). followed by an injection of PMSG at doses 1000 IU (Antex Leo Denmark) and 50,000 IU of Vitamin A (Axerophtol Spofa). 23 anoestrus ewes were synchronized with an intravaginal sponges containing 20 mg of chlorsuperlutine (Agelin, Spofa) for 12 days and after sponge withdrawal, the ewes were injected with 750 and 1000 IU of PMSG (Antex Leo Denmark). Ovulatory response was observed and the possibility of ova recovered from the genital organs in ewes after synchronization of oestrus and superovulation in oestrus season. Higher values of the total follicular response (CFO), and the average number of ovulation (PO) after administering equal doses of PMSG were found out both in anoestrus ewes (CFO 6.62 +/- 4.24; PO 4.25 +/- 4.52) and in oestrus ewes (CFO 2.70 +/- 2.10; PO 2.60 +/- 1.74; resp. CFO 2.80 +/- 1.83; PO 3.4 +/- 3.0), if the ewes were treated with PMSG together with vitamin A. The average number of ova flushed was higher in anoestrus ewes (3.0-0.5) than in oestrus ewes (1.67-3.75). In both trials the equal ratio in the number of released ova was gained from ewes of experimental groups (83-88% of the total number). After ova flushing from the genital organs in ewes of the experimental groups most ovas were found in the isthmatal part of the uterine tube (36-60%). On the basis of gained results it was concluded, that synchronized oestrus ewes on receiving PMSG in anoestrus season the ovarial response was more significant than in autumn breeding season.     

Improving ovulation in gilts using anti-inhibin serum treatment combined with fixed-time artificial insemination

For successful batch farrowing, porcine oestrus and ovulation must be synchronized using fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). However, exogenous gonadotropins, which are currently used in FTAI, negatively affect gilt ovulation. Here, we aimed to improve sexually mature gilt superovulation efficiency using passive immunization against inhibin during FTAI. Altrenogest-treated gilts were challenged with 10 ml anti-inhibin serum (AIS group, n = 6), 1,000 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG group, n = 6), or 10 ml goat serum (control group, n = 6). Gilts in the AIS and PMSG groups were inseminated according to the FTAI protocol, and gilts in the control group were inseminated during natural oestrus. When PMSG was replaced by AIS during FTAI of gilts, ovulation rate and embryos recovered were significantly greater in the AIS group as compared to the other two groups (p < .05). Especially the average number of 6–8-cell embryos in the AIS group was significantly higher than that in the PMSG group (p < .01). Moreover, the blastocyst number in the AIS group was significantly higher than that in the PMSG group and the control group (p < .05). But there was no significant difference in the blastocyst number between the PMSG group and the control group (p > .05). Besides, plasma levels of estradiol-β (E2) and progesterone (P4) were significantly greater in the AIS group as compared to the other two groups on Day 23 and D 27, respectively (p < .01). In summary, we devised an improved high-yield FTAI protocol for sexually mature gilts using AIS; this protocol had a greater superovulation efficiency than the FTAI using PMSG.     

Possibilities of ovulation synchronization in puberty-induced gilts

Puberty was induced in 39 clinically prepuberal gilts (two groups of three sub-groups each) by parallel but locally separated application of 500 IU PMSG ("Maretropin") and 250 IU HCG ("Gonadex"), with the view to testing ways to synchronise ovulation. Seventy-two hours were allowed to elapse, before 24 animals received another application of 500 IU HCG and 15 animals 250 IU HCG. The animals were slaughtered in consecutive groups of study ovulation and histolotically examined to disclose endometrial processes. Ovulations were found to be well synchronised in the recipients of a second injection of 500 IU HCG. Only sub-threshold effects with no synchronised ovulation were recorded from the animals that had received a second dose of 250 IU HCG. A second injection of 500 IU HCG should be given not until something between 78 and 82 hours after puberty induction for optimum follicle maturation and adequate proliferation of the endometrium.     

不同剂量PMSG和hCG对小鼠超排效果的影响研究

选用6周龄雌小鼠48只，随机分为4组，分别用2．5IU、5．0IU、7．5IU、10．0IU的PMSG注射，48h后分别注射hCG2．5IU、5．0IU、7．5IU、10．0IU：次日早晨检栓，60h后冲胚。总见栓率为81．25％（39／48）。冲胚结果：2．5IU、5．0IU、7．5IU和10．0IU剂量组平均每只获胚分别为9．17（110／12）枚、32．67（392／12）枚、16．00（92／12）枚、11．67（140／12）枚，各组超排效果差异极显著（P〈0．01）。结果表明：采用5．0IU PMSG＋5．0IU hCG对小鼠超排效果最好，输卵管分段冲胚法可行性良好。     

The effects of time and dose of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on reproductive efficiency in hair sheep ewes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dose and application time of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on reproductive performance of hair sheep ewes synchronized with fluorogesterone acetate (FGA) under tropical conditions of Northeastern Mexico. Ninety-nine hair ewes (63 Blackbelly and 36 Pelibuey) were treated with intravaginal sponges during 10 days. After insertion of FGA sponges, ewes were divided into four groups, and PMSG was injected intramuscularly at doses of 100, 200, and 400 IU. Relative to FGA sponge removal, PMSG was administrated at −48 h, −24 h, and at sponge removal. PMSG was not administered to the control group. Control ewes had similar (P > 0.05) lambing rate, fertility, and fecundity than those treated with 100 IU of PMSG, but lower (P < 0.05) percentages to these variables than those treated with 200 and 400 IU of PMSG. Time to estrus decreased linearly, and ovulation rate increased quadratically as PMSG dose increased (0 to 400 IU). Administration of PMSG before sponge removal increased (P < 0.01) response to estrus and decreased (P < 0.01) interval to estrus compared with control. Ovulation rate, lambing rate, fertility, and fecundity were not affected (P > 0.05) by administration time of PMSG. Both dose and time of PMSG application did not affect (P > 0.05) pregnancy rate, percentage of single and multiple lambing, and prolificacy. In conclusion, results show that the dose of 400 IU of PMSG administered before sponge withdrawal in an estrus synchronization protocol improved reproductive efficiency of hair sheep ewes.