猪脑心肌炎病毒感染对iNOS mRNA转录水平的影响

为研究iNOS在猪脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)致病机制中的作用,本研究将猪源EMCV GXLC株人工感染小鼠、仔猪,观察临床症状和病理变化,检测心、脑组织中iNOS mRNA转录水平。试验结果表明,小鼠和仔猪感染EMCV后均出现明显的临床症状、剖检及组织病理学变化显示心、脑组织的病理炎症分值显著增加;心、脑组织中的iNOS mRNA转录水平显著上调,并且转录水平上调的峰值与感染小鼠、仔猪出现明显临床症状、严重病理损害及小鼠死亡高峰存在明显的时间相关性,与心、脑组织的病理炎症分值成线性正相关。表明组织中iNOS的过量表达与感染动物的发病和死亡密切相关,iNOS在EMCV致病机制中发挥重要作用。     

猪脑心肌炎病毒GXLC株的分离及其3D基因分子特征的分析

采集临床疑似脑心肌炎死亡仔猪的组织作为接种材料,接种于BHK-21细胞系,观察细胞病变（CPE）,并用RT-PCR和间接荧光抗体试验（IFA）进行鉴定,证实分离到1株脑心肌炎病毒（encephalomyocarditis virus,EMCV）,命名为GXLC株。应用RT-PCR方法扩增GXLC株的3D基因,扩增产物克隆入pMD18-T载体后进行测序,对获得的3D基因序列进行分析。序列分析结果表明,GXLC株3D基因全长1380 nt,编码460个氨基酸,含有7个抗原表位。同源性分析结果表明,GXLC株与国内外其它EMCV分离株3D基因核苷酸序列的同源性在84.7%～99.7%之间,氨基酸序列的同源性在96.1%～99.6%之间。遗传进化分析结果表明,基于3D基因核苷酸序列绘制的系统进化树可将所有EMCV分离株分成2个群：Ⅰ群和Ⅱ群,Ⅰ群可再细分为Ⅰa亚群和Ⅰb亚群,其中猪源EMCV在Ⅰ群和Ⅱ群中均有分布,而鼠源EMCV分布在Ⅰ群,人源EMCV分布在Ⅱ群;GXLC株与其它中国分离株均属于Ⅰa亚群。     

Comparison of the pathogenic, antigenic and molecular characteristics of two encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) isolates from Belgium and Greece

The pathogenicity of two porcine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) isolates for sows in gestation and young piglets was studied. One virus originated from a case of reproductive failure in pigs in Belgium and the other from a case of acute myocarditis in pigs in Greece. Sows in the mid-gestation period and one- to two-month old piglets were inoculated with each isolate. The molecular relationship between both isolates was studied by determining the nucleotide sequence located across the junction of the 1C and 1D capsid-coding genes. Antigenic analysis was performed using a panel of 35 monoclonal antibodies raised against an Italian field isolate of EMCV. All three approaches revealed differences between both isolates and also confirmed that there was no link between the two outbreaks of disease.     

1株副猪嗜血杆菌血清4型的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

【目的】 阐明引起河南漯河某规模化猪场仔猪呼吸道症状的主要细菌性病原体及其生物学特性。【方法】 无菌采集发病仔猪的口鼻拭子及病死猪的胸腔积液及肺脏、肝脏、脾脏等组织器官,进行病原的PCR检测,并通过细菌分离培养、形态学观察、卫星试验、16S rDNA基因PCR扩增、系统进化树构建、多重PCR鉴定分离菌的血清型、致病性试验和药敏试验等对分离菌株进行生物学特性分析。【结果】 在含有V因子的BHI固体平板上生长出圆形、表面光滑湿润、无色透明的微小菌落,在不含V因子的培养基上不生长;分离菌株经革兰染色,镜下可见革兰阴性菌,多呈单个存在的球杆、长杆状;在金黄色葡萄球菌的培养物周围形成典型的"卫星菌落";16S rDNA基因序列分析表明,分离菌株与副猪嗜血杆菌（Haemophilus parasuis,Hps）处于同一分支,相似性>97%,亚型鉴定结果判定分离菌为Hps血清4型;将分离的Hps腹腔注射感染小鼠,可导致感染小鼠多个器官不同程度出血,以肺脏最为明显;高剂量感染可导致小鼠死亡。药敏试验发现,该菌株对四环素、环丙沙星、复方新诺明具有较强抗性,合理用药后,取得了良好的治疗效果。【结论】 试验成功分离出1株血清4型Hps,可致感染小鼠多个器官不同程度出血,对四环素、环丙沙星、复方新诺明耐药,研究结果为副猪嗜血杆菌病的临床诊断和治疗提供了理论依据。     

不同动物源脑心肌炎病毒的分离、鉴定和全基因组序列分析

为研究脑心肌炎病毒（encephalomyocarditis virus,EMCV）对不同动物宿主的感染情况。本试验应用改进的＂细胞接种与RT-PCR方法相结合＂技术,成功分离到国内首株地方土猪源EMCV、首株家养野猪源EMCV、1株鼠源EMCV和3株良种猪源EMCV,并进行了全基因组序列测定和分析。结果显示,6株EMCV分离毒的基因组全长从7 724~7 735bp不等,ORF长度均为6 879bp,彼此间核苷酸同源性为99.3%~99.8%,与其他不同动物源EMCV参考毒株的同源性为79.9%~99.9%,与国内猪源、鼠源分离毒的同源性均在99.4%以上;各基因片段中,以VP1和2A变异幅度最大,VP2和3D最为保守;基于EMCV全基因组、ORF和VP1基因序列绘制的系统发育进化树显示,EMCV可分为G1、G2和G3 3个群,猪源EMCV主要分布在G1、G2群,鼠源EMCV在G1、G3群中均有分布;6株EMCV分离毒与其他国内参考毒株同属于G1群,但分布并不完全集中。结果表明,地方土猪和家养野猪可感染EMCV并引起发病,提醒在进行地方品种养殖和野生动物家养时要充分考虑人兽共患疫病传播的生态学;鼠在良种猪、家养野猪和地方土猪EMCV之间的交叉感染、传播与流行中起到重要媒介作用;不同EMCV地方流行株间存在较大的地域差异,其传播具有一定的区域限制性;EMCV在感染不同动物时可能会发生某些突变,以适应新的宿主。     

Persistence of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection in piglets

Six piglets that had survived experimental infection with encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) were treated with dexamethasone for a period of 5 days. The virus had not been detected in excretions of putative carriers for a period of 13–20 days before the treatment. All piglets showed a rise in cardiac isoenzyme (CK-MB) activity, from the first day of treatment, suggesting myocardial damage. Antibody titres against EMCV remained stable or slightly decreased during treatment. EMCV was isolated from blood, nasal and faecal samples from all piglets on days 2 and 3 after initiation of treatment and from various tissues of three piglets. Four contact piglets, that were housed together with the dexamethasone-treated piglets, became infected, indicating that EMCV was shed by treated piglets. It is suggested that recovered pigs may play an important role in the dissemination of EMCV.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分离株的致病性研究

为了解PRRSV安徽分离株的致病性,用从安徽省某发病猪场的病死仔猪组织中分离到的SCH07毒株接种40日龄健康仔猪,对其进行临床症状、病理剖检、病理组织学观察及抗体检测,结果表明：该毒株能引起仔猪高热、呼吸困难等明显临床症状和肺脏、淋巴结肿大、出血等剖检变化,病理组织学观察可见显著的间质性肺炎等病变,攻毒后第7天试验组仔猪血清中首次检测到抗体,并有一头在第15天死亡,证实安徽省已经出现临床高致病性PRRSV毒株。     

猪脑心肌炎病毒GXLC株的分离及其3D基因分子特征的分析

采集临床疑似脑心肌炎死亡仔猪的组织作为接种材料,接种于BHK-21细胞系,观察细胞病变(CPE),并用RT-PCR和间接荧光抗体试验(IFA)进行鉴定,证实分离到1株脑心肌炎病毒(encephalomyocarditis virus,EMCV),命名为GXLC株。应用RT-PCR方法扩增GXLC株的3D基因,扩增产物克隆入pMD18-T载体后进行测序,对获得的3D基因序列进行分析。序列分析结果表明,GXLC株3D基因全长1380 nt,编码460个氨基酸,含有7个抗原表位。同源性分析结果表明,GXLC株与国内外其它EMCV分离株3D基因核苷酸序列的同源性在84.7%~99.7%之间,氨基酸序列的同源性在96.1%~99.6%之间。遗传进化分析结果表明,基于3D基因核苷酸序列绘制的系统进化树可将所有EMCV分离株分成2个群:Ⅰ群和Ⅱ群,Ⅰ群可再细分为Ⅰa亚群和Ⅰb亚群,其中猪源EMCV在Ⅰ群和Ⅱ群中均有分布,而鼠源EMCV分布在Ⅰ群,人源EMCV分布在Ⅱ群;GXLC株与其它中国分离株均属于Ⅰa亚群。     

Outbreaks in Quebec pig farms of respiratory and reproductive problems associated with encephalomyocarditis virus.

Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) was isolated from tissues of aborted fetuses and weaned and suckling piglets from 4 different pig farms in Quebec. The farms were experiencing reproductive failure in sows of different parities concomitant to respiratory problems in suckling and postweaning piglets. At necropsy, gross lesions were confined to the lung and consisted of pulmonary congestion and edema of various degrees. Lesions of multifocal interstitial to proliferative pneumonia were found in the lungs of these piglets. Bacteriologic examination of various tissues from necropsied pigs yielded no pathogens in most cases. No significant antibody titers against 3 swine viruses (transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine parvovirus, and swine influenza virus) and two bovine viruses (bovine viral diarrhea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viruses) were detected in the sera of convalescent pigs. The Quebec EMCV isolates were antigenically related to the reference ATCC-VR129 strain of EMCV, as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence, serum neutralization (SN), and Western immunoblotting. However, one of the Quebec isolates could be distinguish by SN. EMCV-specific SN antibody titers up to 1:12,800 were detected in thoracic and ascitis fluids of aborted fetuses and in sera of convalescent pigs. A possible pneumotropic EMCV variant in swine may exist.     

伪狂犬病毒GDSH株的分离鉴定及gE基因的序列分析

从广东四会某猪场分离到一株疑为猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)的病毒,病毒在猪肾细胞上出现细胞变圆、拉网、融合等典型病变,并具有细胞泛嗜性特点。在MDCK细胞上测得其TCID50值为10-8/0.1mL,能被伪狂犬病病毒标准阳性血清中和。将0.1mL病毒液接种小鼠后发生奇痒并麻痹致死,接种猪3天后发病,7天死亡,从攻毒病死猪的脑组织病理切片上观察到典型的病毒性脑膜脑炎及血管套现象。通过PCR扩增到PRVgD基因,由此进一步证明所分离病毒为猪伪狂犬病毒,并命名为GDSH株。根据GenBank中发表的序列,设计一对扩增PRVgE基因的特异性引物,建立可以区分PRV野毒株与疫苗株的PCR诊断方法。以此方法对病毒的细胞培养液进行检测,结果证实所分毒株为PRV野毒株,经克隆测序后与GenBank收录的其它PRVgE基因序列进行比较,发现所测毒株的核苷酸序列与其它PRV毒株的同源性介于98.3%～99.9%之间,其中与PRVEa株的亲缘关系最近为99.9%。