2019年猪病流行情况与2020年流行趋势及防控对策

文章结合实验室的监测数据,概述了2019年我国非洲猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征、猪瘟、猪伪狂犬病、猪流行性腹泻等重要猪病的流行状况,着重总结了非洲猪瘟疫情发生情况。分析了2020年非洲猪瘟等疫病的流行趋势,同时提出了坚持生物安全、严格处置非洲猪瘟疫情等防控策略。     

非洲猪瘟的流行特征与应急措施

非洲猪瘟是一种严重感染猪的传染病,也是一种非常顽固的疾病。2007年5月,东欧地区发生了这一疾病。本文分析了以往非洲猪瘟的流行地区与历史、病毒的感染特性、非洲猪瘟病毒的多样性、流行的原因、以及国外非洲猪瘟的应急措施。     

探究非洲猪瘟的流行与防控方法

<正>生猪感染非洲猪瘟后基本都会死亡,非洲猪瘟病毒发病率、死亡率极高,传播迅速,因此,要做好非洲猪瘟流行与防控研究,才能尽量降低损失。1非洲猪瘟简谈1.1病原学研究非洲猪瘟病毒仅仅会感染猪,非洲猪瘟病毒感染猪后会在猪体内快速扩散,直至猪死亡。该病毒主要利用空气、粪便进行传播,而且大量的非洲猪瘟毒株能通过猪白细胞、骨髓细胞、肾细     

非洲猪瘟流行病学研究进展

非洲猪瘟是由非洲猪瘟病毒感染引起的猪的一种烈性传染病。该病于2007年传入俄罗斯,并在其境内蔓延。非洲猪瘟感染家猪和某些品种的野猪,钝缘软蜱属软蜱是储藏宿主和媒介。非洲猪瘟的传播模式可分为四种,在不同流行地区,传播模式不同。深入了解其流行病学特性,有助于更好地开展非洲猪瘟的预防和控制。     

非洲猪瘟流行病学调查要点

非洲猪瘟起源于非洲,早于1921年,在肯尼亚首次确诊非洲猪瘟疫情.我国于2018年8月首次确诊非洲猪瘟疫情,截止目前全国报告发生非洲猪瘟疫情共191起.2021年以来,全国共报告10起家猪非洲猪瘟疫情,扑杀生猪0.21万头,均为点状发生,未发生区域性流行.     

非洲猪瘟国际流行状况、防控经验与发展趋势

非洲猪瘟(African Swine fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)引起的家猪、野猪的一种急性、热性、高度接触性动物传染病,所有品种和年龄的猪均可感染,发病率和死亡率最高可达100%,对生猪生产危害极大。自1921年首例非洲猪瘟疫情发现以来,这一猪界"第一杀手"已在全球范围内游荡了近百年,非洲、欧洲、亚洲很多国家的生猪产业都未曾幸免,对非洲猪瘟防控已成为国际性难题。文章分析了非洲猪瘟国际流行状况、非洲猪瘟国际防控状况与经验以及目前非洲猪瘟防控面临的挑战与发展趋势。     

非洲猪瘟流行及防控措施

正1流行病学1.1流行范围非洲猪瘟病毒传播流行,没有典型的季节性,一年四季均可发生,任何年龄品种的家猪和野猪都可以感染各种病毒,一旦患病将快速传播导致生猪大批量死亡,健康的生猪感染病毒将迅速暴发。首例非洲猪瘟在1921年肯尼亚发生,相继在安哥拉、苏丹、赞比亚等地发生。国外出现该病源于1957年葡萄牙某养殖基地将航班废弃物作为养料喂给猪群导致感染非洲猪瘟,     

2022年猪病流行情况与2023年流行趋势及防控对策

2022年，我国生猪生产和产能保持稳定，疫病流行与发生态势总体平稳。各类疫病对生猪生产的影响程度与2021年相当，少数疫病的流行与发生态势呈现减轻的态势；危害最大的病毒性疫病仍然是非洲猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（惯称“猪蓝耳病”）和猪流行性腹泻；猪伪狂犬病、猪瘟、猪口蹄疫等其他病毒性疫病总体平稳；猪格拉瑟病（旧称“副猪嗜血杆菌病”）、猪传染性胸膜肺炎以及其他细菌性疾病对生猪生产的影响依旧。     

2019年猪病盘点与2020年预测分析

2019年,跌宕起伏的一年,非洲猪瘟的影响仍在持续,政策利好、行情高涨,养猪行业暗藏汹涌。与非洲猪瘟相比,猪繁殖与呼吸综合征、猪流行性腹泻、猪瘟等传统疫病依然影响着养猪生产及复产。1 2019年主要猪病流行状况与特点1.1主要病毒性疾病1.1.1非洲猪瘟非洲猪瘟疫情自2018年8月份首次在中国出现,随后疫情数量迅猛增长,8个月内席卷全国。     

非洲猪瘟的流行传播特点及防控策略

正非洲猪瘟是2018年8月新传入我国的,它具有传播速度快、传染范围广、致死率高等特点,对家猪、野猪的饲养造成极大的威胁,如果对患病猪群不及时采取有效的防控措施,将会造成非洲猪瘟的大范围的传播,甚至出现猪群大面积死亡。因此,本文对非洲猪瘟的流行传播特点进行了分析,并提高了做好科学有效的防控策略,供参考。     

Antibodies to bovine serum albumin in swine sera: implications for false-positive reactions in the serodiagnosis of African swine fever

Antibodies to bovine serum albumin were detected in swine sera by use of an immunoblotting technique. Such sera had false-positive reactions, as determined by results of African swine fever virus serodiagnostic techniques when bovine serum albumin was a contaminant in the soluble cytoplasmic antigen obtained from infected cells cultured in the presence of bovine serum. The soluble cytoplasmic antigen obtained from cell cultures infected with African swine fever virus in the presence of porcine serum did not react with the false-positive sera and, therefore, was used for African swine fever virus serodiagnostic methods, with 0% false-positive results.     

Effector mechanisms in the pig. Antibody-dependent cellular cytolysis of African swine fever virus infected cells

Antibody dependent cellular cytolysis (ADCC) against African swine fever virus infected nucleated cells was investigated in a porcine system. Of the peripheral blood components examined, only neutrophils acted as effectors. Lymph node derived cells displayed no ADCC activity. In vitro yield reduction assays suggested that neutrophil mediated ADCC may play a role in recovery from African swine fever virus infection.     

A pilot study of common health problems in smallholder pigs in Angónia and Boane districts, Mozambique

A pilot survey was conducted in 2 districts in Mozambique to determine the most important health problems facing smallholder pig producers. While African swine fever is the most serious disease that affects pigs at all levels of production in Mozambique, it is likely that productivity is reduced by the presence of mange and gastrointestinal parasites, while in traditional systems the conditions are favourable for the development of porcine cysticercosis caused by the pork tapeworm Taenia solium, which poses a health risk to communities. Results of the pilot survey confirmed that, with the exception of African swine fever, ecto- and endoparasites are probably the most important health risks for producers. Porcine cysticercosis is more prevalent among pigs in traditional, free-ranging systems, while mange becomes a serious factor when pigs are permanently confined.     

Establishment of a Real-time Fluorescent Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) for the Detection of African Swine Fever Virus

African swine fever (ASF), which caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), is an acute, highly contagious disease characterized by high fever. It leads to serious economic losses in pig industry. 3 assemblies of primers and probes targeting were designed to amplify ASFV B646L (p72) gene using recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) technology. The Real-time fluorescent RPA method was established after screening of primers and probes, optimization of reaction conditions, tests of sensitivity, specificity and repeatability. The results showed that the method could detect 10 copies of DNA within 20 min at 39℃. No cross-reaction was found when testing swine fever virus, porcine circovirus type 2, porcine parvovirus, pseudorabies virus. According to the fluorescence intensity from 5.5×10⁶ to 5.5×10⁰ copies/μL at each time point, the coefficient of variation was 0.38% to 28.30%. In conclusion, this method could be used for the qualitative detection of ASFV pathogen, which might provide technical support for the early diagnosis of ASFV infection in China, and was also of great significance for the development of corresponding control measures.     

非洲猪瘟病毒实时荧光重组酶聚合酶扩增技术(RPA)检测方法的建立

非洲猪瘟（African swine fever,ASF）是由非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus,ASFV）感染引起的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病,给养猪业造成了严重的经济损失。本研究利用重组酶聚合酶扩增技术（RPA）,针对ASFV B646L （p72）基因设计了3组引物和探针,并进行筛选、反应条件优化、灵敏性、特异性和重复性试验,建立了实时荧光RPA方法。结果显示,该方法在39℃、20 min内即可检测10个拷贝的DNA分子,且与猪瘟病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、猪细小病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒均无交叉反应,检测5.5×10⁶至5.5×10⁰拷贝/μL共7个稀释度样品在各时间点的荧光强度,变异系数范围在0.38%~28.30%。该等温、快速扩增方法可用于ASFV的定性检测,为中国ASFV感染的早期诊断提供技术支持,对疫情暴发后相应控制方案的制定具有重要意义。     

Detection of antibodies against African swine fever virus using infected monolayers and monoclonal antibodies

Three monoclonal antibodies, specific for porcine IgG, IgM and IgA, were used to develop isotype-specific immunoperoxidase monolayer assays for the detection of antibodies against African swine fever virus. A mixture of anti-IgM and anti-IgG monoclonal antibodies was used in an assay designed for screening sera. This test was compared with a commercially available ELISA by using experimental sera and field sera obtained after an outbreak of African swine fever on two farms in the Netherlands in 1986. Although the ELISA was less sensitive than the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay on sera taken early after infection, the tests were equally useful for screening purposes. The isotype-specific assays gave epizootiological information about the stage of infection on the two farms.     

Neutralization of African swine fever virus by sera from African swine fever-resistant pigs

Sera from African swine fever-resistant pigs with infection-inhibitory activity decreased virus replication in infected porcine buffy coat cultures. This same effect was observed even after virus was adsorbed. The infection-inhibition was not reversed by removing the immune serum from the assay cultures. Reduction of African swine fever virus replication by immune sera was demonstrated by fluorescent focus assay on MS cell line cultures. Virus-neutralization tests showed a persistent fraction of non-neutralized virus, which was not demonstrable by infection-inhibition tests. One hypothesis for explaining this difference is proposed.     

养殖场非洲猪瘟防控措施及实践

2018年8月3日,农业农村部发布辽宁沈阳发生全国首例非洲猪瘟。至今,全国32个省、自治区、直辖市、特别行政区公布共发生149起非洲猪瘟疫情,超过116万头猪只被扑杀。面对前所未有的非洲猪瘟,目前尚无有效的药物和疫苗预防,养猪行业面临种种危机。文章对非洲猪瘟及其危害做了简要介绍,并提出了防控非洲猪瘟的措施和建议。     

非洲猪瘟疫情防控存在问题和解决方案

近年,我国多个地区发生非洲猪瘟,严重影响我国生猪产业发展。为能让更多的养殖户了解非洲猪瘟,发现非洲猪瘟后及时采取有效措施,避免非洲猪瘟扩散,该文详细分析在防控非洲猪瘟时存在的问题,提出有效的解决方案。