微波辅助酶解法提取草鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白工艺研究

以草鱼鱼鳞为原料,采用微波辅助酶解法提取鱼鳞中的胶原蛋白。单因素实验研究了酶添加量、酶解时间、酶解温度及料液比对草鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白提取的影响,在此基础上,采用响应面试验优化了鱼鳞中胶原蛋白的酶解提取工艺,得草鱼鱼鳞酶解提取最佳工艺参数为:酶添加量2.9%,酶解时间2.26h,酶解温度57℃,料液比1:17g/mL,此条件下胶原蛋白的提取率达59.21%。     

纤维素酶辅助提取油莎豆粕中淀粉的工艺研究

试验以油莎豆粕为原料,采用纤维素酶辅助提取油莎豆粕中的淀粉,并对提取条件进行优化,获得高提取率淀粉。以淀粉提取率为评价指标,在单因素试验的基础上选择加酶量、酶解时间、酶解温度、pH 4个主要影响因素进行正交试验,确定最佳的提取工艺条件。结果表明：加酶量、酶解温度以及酶解时间与酶解温度的交互作用对淀粉提取率有显著影响,油莎豆粕淀粉的最佳提取工艺条件为加酶量1.25%、酶解温度47℃、pH 5.5、酶解时间为5 h,淀粉提取率为77.67%。     

酶法提取蓖麻叶总黄酮工艺优化

以蓖麻叶为原料,利用酶法协同超声提取蓖麻叶总黄酮,通过正交试验设计优化提取工艺。考察酶的添加量、p H、酶解温度、料液比和酶解时间对总黄酮提取率的影响,在单因素试验基础上进行正交试验,结果显示,酶添加量0.5%、p H 4.5、酶解温度50℃和酶解时间80 min为最佳工艺条件,此时蓖麻叶中的总黄酮提取率为3.98%。     

响应面法优化当归中阿魏酸提取工艺的研究

为了用响应面法优化当归中阿魏酸的提取工艺,试验采用超声协同酶法提取当归中的阿魏酸,并选用酶解时间、酶用量、酶解温度和酶解p H值4个因素进行单因素试验,在此基础上以4个因素为自变量,阿魏酸得率为响应值,采用Box-Behnken试验设计和响应面分析法建立数学模型。结果表明:超声协同酶法提取当归中阿魏酸的最佳工艺条件为酶解时间50 min,酶用量0.3%、酶解温度45℃、酶解p H值4.4;在此条件下,阿魏酸得率可高达0.673 mg/g。说明由响应面法得到的优化工艺参数比较准确,对于当归中阿魏酸的提取具有实用意义。     

Alcalase蛋白酶辅助提取林蛙皮胶原多肽的研究

为了以Alcalase蛋白酶辅助法提取林蛙皮胶原多肽,试验通过对胶原多肽提取率进行测定,优化提取条件为:烘干温度为40℃,加酶量为1.5%,酶解p H值为8.0,酶解时间为4 h。结果表明:此条件下林蛙皮胶原多肽的提取率可达33.8%。     

酶法辅助回流提取荷叶中荷叶碱的工艺研究

为了优化纤维素酶辅助乙醇回流提取荷叶中荷叶碱的工艺,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验设计考察了提取荷叶碱过程中的酶解p H值、酶解温度、纤维素酶用量及酶解时间对荷叶碱提取率的影响,得出优化的酶解辅助提取工艺为:酶解p H值4.5、酶解温度45℃、纤维素酶用量1.5 mg/g、酶解时间50 min,在此条件下荷叶碱提取率达到0.536%。该提取工艺合理、稳定、可行,为进一步工业化生产提供理论依据。     

响应面优化双酶解提取米糠蛋白工艺的优化

为了研究酶解法提取米糠蛋白的工艺,试验采用Box-Behnken试验设计和响应面法,以脱脂米糠为原料,使用碱性蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶水解提取米糠蛋白,研究了不同水解时间、液料比、p H值、温度、加酶总量、加酶比例对米糠蛋白提取率的影响。结果表明:当液料比为4∶1、加酶总量为0.75%、碱性蛋白酶与中性蛋白酶用量之比为2∶1时,经碱性蛋白酶在p H值为10、温度为45℃的条件下水解3 h,再用中性蛋白酶在p H值为6.5、温度为45℃条件下水解1 h,米糠蛋白的提取率最高可达84.63%。说明由响应面法优化得到的工艺参数比较准确,具有实用性。     

超声波协同酶解法提取啤酒花黄酮类的工艺优化及其抗氧化试验

为探索超声波协同酶解法提取啤酒值花黄酮的最佳工艺,研究该方法下啤酒花黄酮的抗氧化活性,利用单因素法研究了不同酶量、酶解时间、酶解温度、酶解pH值对超声波协同酶解法提取啤酒花总黄酮含量的影响。结果表明,超声波协同酶解法明显提高啤酒花黄酮的提取率,最佳提取条件为:酶量为2 mg/g,酶解p H值为4,酶解温度30℃,酶解时间2 h,啤酒花总黄酮提取量55.7 mg/g,明显高于传统提取方法的总黄酮提取率38.5%,并对·OH和DPPH具有良好的清除效果,高于常用的抗氧化剂天然维生素C对两者的清除率。     

响应面法优化鹿血血红蛋白酶解工艺的研究

为了摸索出适宜鹿血血红蛋白的酶解工艺,试验采用响应面法对影响蛋白酶解效果的4个因素,包括酶解温度、酶解时间、酶添加量、p H值进行了二次回归正交旋转组合设计研究。结果表明:鹿血血红蛋白酶解的最佳工艺为酶解温度56℃、酶解时间3.78 h、酶添加量4.2%、p H值9.56。在此条件下,自由基的清除率为(81.95±1.63)%,酶解效果最优。说明响应面法用于鹿血血红蛋白酶解工艺的优化可行、可靠,酶解条件适宜于该体系。     

响应面优化枯草杆菌复合酶法提取罗非鱼皮多肽饲料添加剂工艺研究

本试验以罗非鱼鱼皮为原料,经酸碱处理后,加热熬制得到胶原蛋白,再用复合蛋白酶水解制备罗非鱼皮胶原蛋白肽。研究pH、温度和酶添加量对罗非鱼鱼皮酶解消化的影响,并采用响应面法优化枯草杆菌复合酶法提取鱼皮多肽饲料添加剂工艺。结果表明：枯草杆菌复合酶法提取鱼皮多肽饲料添加剂的最佳工艺参数为：酶解pH7.64、温度50.30℃、加酶量1.55%,在此操作条件下,多肽的提取率最高,为14.63%。此提取工艺参数优良,稳定性强,可以为鱼皮多肽饲料添加剂的研发与运用提供理论依据。     

母乳乳清蛋白抗氧化活性肽的研究

母乳是婴幼儿的最佳食物来源,而乳清蛋白是营养和活性物质的基础,其中生物活性肽对人体健康具有重要促进作用.为研究母乳乳清蛋白抗氧化活性肽,采用中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶4种酶制备抗氧化活性多肽,通过单因素试验和响应面分析对乳清蛋白酶解工艺进行优化.结果表明:中性蛋白酶最适于母乳乳清蛋白抗氧化肽的制备,此时的最佳工艺参数为pH 7.21、反应温度50.03℃、酶与底物比(E/S)4 486.68 U/g、酶解时间5h;影响1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除率的因素大小为:酶与底物比＞温度＞pH值.利用大孔树脂、葡聚糖凝胶过滤色谱G-25、G-15分析得出组分峰Ⅰ抗氧化活性最强,其DPPH自由基清除率达到了60.31％.     

利用鳕鱼皮制备饲用胶原肽添加剂及其抗氧化研究

以鳕鱼皮为原料,采用双酶复合法提取胶原多肽作为饲用添加剂。以水解度为指标,通过正交试验确定酶解的最适条件。结果表明:碱性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶混合水解,加酶量分别为4%和4.5%,温度55℃p、H值8,时间11 h,蛋白质水解度可达到25.61%。分离得到的多肽组分,Mr<3 500 Da的占82%以上,抗氧化试验结果表明,水解产物有较好的抗氧化特性,有望作为高档水产饲料添加剂使用。     

响应曲面法优化淫羊藿黄酮提取工艺

在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面法的(Box-Benhnken)组合设计原理,对淫羊藿总黄酮的提取工艺参数进行优化。淫羊藿总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件为:提取时间1.73 h、水料比31∶1(mL/g),温度67.5℃、乙醇浓度79%,淫藿黄酮类化合物的平均提取率为2.054%,比理论预测值高0.08%。     

超声协同酶法提取紫花苜蓿多酚及其抗氧化性质

采用超声协同酶法提取紫花苜蓿多酚。以多酚提取量为指标,考察了液料比、加酶量、酶解时间、超声时间、超声温度及pH 6个因素对多酚提取效果的影响,并通过响应面法优化该提取工艺。同时探讨其抗氧化活性。结果表明,超声协同酶法提取紫花苜蓿多酚的最佳工艺条件为酶量4.9%、超声时间74 min、超声温度49℃,多酚提取量可达3.642mg·g~(-1)。此外,紫花苜蓿多酚具有较好的抗氧化活性,其清除DPPH和·OH自由基的半数抑制浓度IC50分别为10.78和19.28μg·mL~(-1)。     

响应面分析法优化党参总黄酮提取工艺研究

研究响应面分析法优化党参中黄酮的提取工艺。在乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间和提取温度4个单因素实验基础上,通过响应面法优化党参中黄酮的提取条件。结果表明,党参黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件为：提取时间68 min,提取温度85℃,乙醇浓度90%,料液比1∶40（g.mL-1）。在此条件下黄酮提取率的实测值为0.839%,理论值为0.834%,两者的相对误差为0.60%,说明采用响应面法优化得到的提取条件切实可行。     

Evaluation of techniques for lignocaine hydrochloride analgesia of the velvet antler of adult stags

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of various routes of administration and doses of local anaesthetic (LA) to provide analgesia of the velvet antler of adult stags.

Methods: In Experiment 1, antlers from 50 red deer stags, ≥2-years-old were allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups (n = 25 antlers/group) to receive injections with 2% lignocaine hydrochloride as follows: High-dose (1 ml/cm pedicle circumference) or Low-dose ring-block (0.4 ml/cm pedicle circumference) or; High-site or Low-site regional nerve block (5 ml per site, both of which included the auriculopalpebral nerve). An electrical stimulus was applied before application of LA and then each min for up to 4 min after LA injection. If no response was observed, analgesia was tested with a saw cut. If no response occurred, the antler was cut at that time. If the animal responded, a further wait time was applied until 4 min had elapsed, at which time observations ceased. In Experiment 2, 10 primary and 50 re-growth antlers were given a High-dose ring-block and tested with a saw cut after 1 min (n = 30) or 2 min (n = 30). If no response occurred, the antler was removed. If a response occurred, further 1-min wait periods were applied.

Results: In the High-dose ring-block and High-site nerve-block groups, 24/25 and 21/25 antlers were removed without response by 2 min, compared with 20/25 and 15/25 antlers in the Low-dose ring-block and Low-site nerve-block groups, respectively. The High-dose ring-block provided more effective analgesia after 3 min than the Low-dose ringblock, as assessed by the number of stags that did not respond to the electrical stimulus (p = 0.008), or subsequent antler removal (p = 0.050). The numbers of antlers removed without response after 1 or 2 min were greater using the High-site nerve-block than the Low-site nerve-block (p = 0.002 and p = 0.037, respectively). In all but the High-dose ring-block group, at least 1 stag required further LA after 4 min, before antler could be humanely removed. In Experiment 2, stags reacted to a saw-cut test on 6/30 antlers, 1 min after a High-dose ring-block, compared with 1/30 antlers after 2 min (p = 0.051).

Conclusion: The High-dose ring-block produced the most effective and rapid analgesia.

Clinical relevance: A High-dose ring-block with a 2-min wait period should be the preferred method for achieving local analgesia for velvet antler removal.     

酶解蚕蛹蛋白制备血管紧张素转换酶抑制肽的工艺优化

采用碱性蛋白酶水解蚕蛹蛋白,制备血管紧张素转换酶(angiotensin-converting enzyme,ACE)抑制肽,是蚕蛹蛋白深度开发的途径之一。以ACE抑制率为响应值,用响应面分析法研究酶解温度、酶解pH和加酶量等因素对酶解产物的ACE抑制活性的影响,优化制备工艺。结果表明,各因素对制备ACE抑制肽的活性影响程度由大到小依次为酶解pH、酶解温度、加酶量。获得碱性蛋白酶水解蚕蛹蛋白制备ACE抑制肽的最佳工艺条件为:酶解温度50.8℃,酶解pH 9.0,加酶量3 500 U/g。在此条件下,蚕蛹蛋白酶解产物对ACE的理论抑制率最高可达96.67%,验证值为96.49%±1.75%,IC50值为0.102 mg/mL,预测模型可靠性高,可应用于蚕蛹ACE抑制肽的酶法制备。     

Evaluation of techniques for lignocaine hydrochloride analgesia of the velvet antler of adult stags

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of various routes of administration and doses of local anaesthetic (LA) to provide analgesia of the velvet antler of adult stags. METHODS: In Experiment 1, antlers from 50 red deer stags, >or=2-years-old were allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups (n = 25 antlers/group) to receive injections with 2% lignocaine hydrochloride as follows: High-dose (1 ml/cm pedicle circumference) or Low-dose ring-block (0.4 ml/cm pedicle circumference) or; High-site or Low-site regional nerve block (5 ml per site, both of which included the auriculopalpebral nerve). An electrical stimulus was applied before application of LA and then each min for up to 4 min after LA injection. If no response was observed, analgesia was tested with a saw cut. If no response occurred, the antler was cut at that time. If the animal responded, a further wait time was applied until 4 min had elapsed, at which time observations ceased. In Experiment 2, 10 primary and 50 re-growth antlers were given a High-dose ring-block and tested with a saw cut after 1 min (n = 30) or 2 min (n = 30). If no response occurred, the antler was removed. If a response occurred, further 1-min wait periods were applied. RESULTS: In the High-dose ring-block and High-site nerve-block groups, 24/25 and 21/25 antlers were removed without response by 2 min, compared with 20/25 and 15/25 antlers in the Low-dose ring-block and Low-site nerve-block groups, respectively. The High-dose ring-block provided more effective analgesia after 3 min than the Low-dose ring-block, as assessed by the number of stags that did not respond to the electrical stimulus (p = 0.008), or subsequent antler removal (p = 0.050). The numbers of antlers removed without response after 1 or 2 min were greater using the High-site nerve-block than the Low-site nerve-block (p = 0.002 and p = 0.037, respectively). In all but the High-dose ring-block group, at least 1 stag required further LA after 4 min, before antler could be humanely removed. In Experiment 2, stags reacted to a saw-cut test on 6/30 antlers, 1 min after a High-dose ring-block, compared with 1/30 antlers after 2 min (p = 0.051). CONCLUSION: The High-dose ring-block produced the most effective and rapid analgesia. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A High-dose ring-block with a 2-min wait period should be the preferred method for achieving local analgesia for velvet antler removal.     

鲑鳟鱼骨提取胶原肽工艺与产品生物活性研究

从9种备选酶中选取胃蛋白酶(Pepsin)和风味蛋白酶(Flavourzyme),以脱钙的鲑鳟鱼骨制取Mr3000Da活性胶原肽,并进行抗性测定。结果EDTA微波复合脱钙效果最佳,浓度、时间、微波功率等对脱钙效率和胶原损失影响较大;最佳酶解工艺为先Pepsin1.2%,料液比1:30,T65℃,pH2.2,提取6h,提取率达8.68%,DH2.23%,后调料液比至1:35,Flavourzyme1.2%,T57℃,pH6.4,提取4h,提取率为6.96%,DH5.81%;经粗滤、微滤、超滤、浓缩、干燥过筛等得到成品,其纯度为84.08%,羟脯氨酸(Hpro)含量为6.22%。产品FRAP值为3.80mmol/L,DPPH.清除率为13.33%,.OH清除率为11.24%。     

蝇蛆生物活性肽的生产工艺研究

以蝇蛆为试验材料,设酶解温度、复合酶量、酶配比、酶解时问和pH值5个因素,每个因素4个水平进行L15（4^5）正交试验设计,以水解度作为评价指标,筛选脱脂蝇蛆粉的最佳酶解条件。结果表明：脱脂蝇蛆粉的最优酶解条件为A1B3C3D4E3,即温度（A）45℃,酶量（B）8000U／g,风味酶：木瓜酶：胃蛋白酶：胰蛋白酶的配比（C）是35％：50％：5％：10％,酶水解时间（D）为7h,pH（E）为7．5。脱脂蝇蛆粉溶液水解度的最大影响因素为酶解温度。