动物卫生监督执法工作中存在的问题与对策

<正>动物卫生监督执法是公共卫生工作的一项重要内容,关系到人民群众的食肉安全。当前发生的动物重大动物疫情以及食品安全事件均与动物卫生监督执法有着内在的联系。修订后的《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》(以下简称《动物防疫法》)施行     

动物卫生监督执法中动物检疫的工作重点分析

作为动物卫生监督执法工作中非常重要的一个环节是动物检疫工作是动物防疫工作顺利开展的一项重要措施.动物检疫工作可以有效防止动物疫情的传播和扩散,防止染疫动物进入到市场当中,进而使畜产品的质量安全得到保证,从而保障了广大市民舌尖上的安全,保护了广大养殖业主的生产安全.可以说动物检疫工作是对动物疫病进行控制、防止人畜共患病传播的最为有效的手段.笔者结合自身多年在基层工作的实践经验,就动物检疫工作的重点进行分析,希望可以为同行提供参考以及借鉴,有效提高我市动物检疫工作的水平.     

动物卫生监督执法的现状、问题与对策

<正>1现状1.1法律越来越完备。1985年7月,国务院颁布《家畜家禽防疫条例》,我国动物防疫工作开始步入法制管理轨道,动物卫生监督工作从此起步。1997年7月3日,全国人大常委会通过《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》,并以中华人民共和国主席令的形式发     

动物防疫工作呼唤改革

<正>一、现状整个社会重视程度下降,对动物防疫工作有所忽视。动物防疫基础设施薄弱,动物防疫条件审核流于形式。规模养殖户中,普遍存在"重发展,轻防疫"的情况,以疫苗接种代替综合防疫措施,忽视消毒、检疫、隔离、扑杀、无害化处理等综合措施。动物防疫执法环节薄弱,不愿、不会、不敢执法。二、对策1.认识调整。(1)从重发展调整为重视防疫。在畜牧兽医工作中,要对"疫     

《动物防疫条件审查办法》浅析

动物防疫条件审查是动物防疫工作的重要环节之一,是落实"预防为主"方针的一项重要措施.自1985年国务院<家畜家禽防疫条例>颁布至今,我国开始逐步探索建立完善的动物防疫条件审核制度,历经肉品卫生检验试行规程、兽医卫生合格证、动物防疫合格证、动物防疫条件合格证4个时期.     

论动物防疫

1动物防疫工作的基本原则依靠党的领导,进一步建立和健全各级动物防疫机构,坚持群众路线,认真贯彻“预防为主”的方针。《中华人民共和国防疫法》第一章第五条明确了我们国家对动物疫病实行预防为主的方针。贯彻“预防为主、养防结合、防重于治”的方针,要求充分发挥群众,依靠群众,搞好饲养管理防疫卫生,预防接种,检疫、隔离、消毒等综合性防疫措施,以达到提高动物的健康水平和抗病能力,控制和杜绝传染病的传播蔓延,降低发病率和死亡率。2动物防疫工作的基本内容动物必须采取包括“养、防、检、治”四个基本环节的综合性措施,主要包括平时的…     

《甘肃省动物防疫条例》解读

做好动物检疫和动物卫生监督工作是保证养殖业健康和动物产品安全的有效措施。健康的动物和动物产品既是“产”出来的,也是“管”出来的。为了全面落实动物防疫措施,规范工作行为,甘肃省人大常委会于2013年11月29日公布了《甘肃省动物防疫条例》,本文将对其涉及动物检疫、动物卫生监督和法律责任的规定进行分析和解读。     

循化县动物卫生监督工作现状及建议

动物卫生监督是对动物防疫及动物产品安全实施监督检查和管理的活动,是一种政府管理的行政行为,工作内容是保障畜产品质量安全、维护公共卫生安全、保障畜牧业健康发展.本文结合实际情况,就循化县动物卫生监督工作进行探讨.     

动物卫生监督工作的现状及对策

<正>动物卫生监督工作是指动物检疫、动物卫生监督执法、动物卫生监管综合一体的系统工程,是动物防疫工作的重要组成部分,是贯彻执行国家动物防疫法律法规、技术规范,有效防控重大动物疫病,保障动物及动物产品安全,保护养殖业健康发展,保护人民健康和维护公共卫生安全的重要保证。     

浅谈兽医卫生执法中的取证与证据

取证是动物防疫监督执法过程中的一个重要的环节，取证中获得的证据，是确认当事人违法事实的惟一依据。因此，取证工作必须做到全面客观、合法。下面笔者就动物防疫监督执法中的取证与证据浅谈几点体会。1 取证与证据的作用动物防疫监督机构作为《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》授权的执法主体，只要行使动物防疫监督职能特     

Salmonella in pork cuttings in supermarkets and butchers' shops in Denmark in 2002 and 2006

The prevalence of Salmonella in fresh pork cuttings in Denmark in the years 2002 and 2006 was investigated at retail and compared with the retail supply pattern. A total of 1025 and 3473 samples were taken in 2002 from butcher's shops and supermarkets, respectively. The corresponding numbers in 2006 were 259 from butchers' shops and 628 from supermarkets. In 2002, 1.2% of all samples were positive for Salmonella; butchers' shops and supermarkets had 1.8% and 1.0% positive samples, respectively. The overall prevalence in 2006 was 4.2%, with prevalence of 8.1% and 2.6% for butchers' shops and supermarkets, respectively. Hence, increases around 3- to 5-fold were found. There was neither observed any parallel increase in Salmonella positive carcasses in Danish slaughterhouses during the study period, nor were any changes in supply routes towards slaughterhouses with higher prevalence observed, which could explain the apparent increase. We hypothesize that hygiene levels and ability to avoid cross-contamination and prevent growth of the organism, in the meat processing chain after slaughter were the most likely responsible factors. Results from this study indicate that the hygiene performance, particularly at retail, has a significant impact on the occurrence of Salmonella. This implies that there is no direct link between slaughterhouse Salmonella surveillance data and the level of Salmonella contamination at retail. To improve risk assessment of Salmonella in fresh pork meat, this study underlines the need for comprehensive retail data.     

Sanguinarine metabolism and pharmacokinetics study in vitro and in vivo

Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (C_max, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their C_max (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T_1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (C_ss) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance.     

Chlortetracycline in swine-bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in fasted and fed pigs

Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was administered intra-arterially (11 mg/kg) and as an oral drench (33 mg/kg) to ten 21.0-31.5-kg pigs. Five of the pigs were fasted 18 h prior to dosing and five of the pigs were fed ad libitum prior to dosing. The mean volume of distribution determined by area-under-the-curve calculations for the fasted pigs (0.967 +/- 0.210 l/kg) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than the mean volume of distribution for the fed pigs (1.39 +/- 0.31 l/kg). Mean total body clearance of the drug was also significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the fasted pigs (0.165 +/- 0.055 l/kg/h) as compared to the fed pigs (0.307 +/- 0.053 l/kg/h). The elimination constants (beta) were not found to be statistically different (P less than 0.05): 0.1811 +/- 0.0057 for the fasted pigs; 0.2260 +/- 0.0461 for the fed pigs. The bioavailability for both groups was similar; 19.12 +/- 8.3% for the fasted pigs and 17.88 +/- 5.3% for the fed pigs. In a second experiment three groups of six pigs which weighed 34.5-44.1 kg were fed a corn-soy diet ad libitum. The rations were fortified with chlortetracycline at 100, 400 or 1000 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg feed. Chlortetracycline concentrations were determined in plasma samples collected over a 6-day period. Plasma chlortetracycline concentrations reach a plateau within 24 h after initial access to the trial diets and were highly correlated with the dose of the drug consumed (r2 = 0.97).     

Helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in Belgium

This study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. Determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. Of 2324 faecal flotations (NaCl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of Toxocara canis (17.4%), Toxascaris leonina (10.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and cestodes (2.1%). Isospora oocysts were observed in 5.2% of the dogs. The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that T. canis eggs were by far the most common (50.9%). Necropsy data from 212 infected dogs indicate that 38.9% were infected with T. canis and 33.7% with T. leonina. The overall prevalence of worm infestation of 246 well-cared-for kennel dogs, based on worm egg counts by the McMaster technique, was 36.1%. Of 30 feline faecal samples examined by flotation, 83.3% were positive for parasites, including Toxocara cati (60%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (36.6%), Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis (20%) and coccidia (30%). Toxocara cati was the most frequently found worm species at the necropsy of 25 cats (52%). Toxoplasma was not observed.     

2005年国内蛋、肉鸡市场分析回顾及2006年走势预测

2005年如果没有年底的禽流感疫情,对于我国蛋鸡、肉鸡生产来说应该是一个非常完美的丰收年,是哪些因素导致了2005年蛋鸡市场如此好的行情?2006年我国家禽市场又将走向何方?……作者对以上热点问题进行了深入分析研究,供读者参考。     

Pharmacokinetics of penicillin-G in ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation

Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug.     

Salmonellae and Campylobacters in Household and Stray Dogs in Northern Taiwan

Rectal swabs were collected from 437 household and 491 stray dogs in northern Taiwan from May 2003 to June 2005 to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of salmonellae and campylobacters. The results revealed that 2.1% of household dogs and 6.3% of stray dogs were positive for salmonellae, with Salmonella Duesseldorf being the most dominant serotype in both. Additionally, 2.7% of the household dogs and 23.8% of the stray dogs were positive for campylobacters. Campylobacter jejuni was the most prevalent species (86.8%), followed by C. upsaliensis (9.3%) and C. coli (3.9%). Both salmonella and campylobacter isolation rates from the stray dogs were significantly higher than those from the household dogs (p < 0.01). The susceptibility of 33 C. jejuni isolates to eight antimicrobials was studied by the E-test. A high rate of resistance was observed to azithromycin (93.9%), clindamycin (87.9%), erythromycin (81.8%), tetracycline (78.8%), chloramphenicol (69.7%), nalidixic acid (51.5%), gentamicin (33.3%), and ciprofloxacin (18.2%). The susceptibility of 40 Salmonella isolates to 15 antimicrobials was also studied by the disc-diffusion method. All the Salmonella isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Resistance was observed most frequently to tetracycline (77.5%), chloramphenicol (52.5%), and ampicillin (50%).