鸡胸腺中血管活性肠肽的免疫组织化学观察

运用免疫组织化学超敏SP法对不同生长阶段鸡胸腺中血管活性肠肽(Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide，VIP)的表达特点进行了研究。结果显示：胸腺中VIP阳性反应主要分布于被膜及髓质，而皮质内反应较弱；随日龄增加，VIP在被膜和髓质内一直维持较强的表达；实质中VIP强阳性淋巴细胞数量随日龄逐渐增多，至42d开始减少。鸡胸腺中VIP阳性反应物质的广泛分布。提示胸腺是产生VIP的又一个重要部位，胸腺中的VIP参与鸡免疫器官的功能调节，它可作为一种信号分子介导神经内分泌系统和免疫系统之间的相互作用。     

大鲵精巢的解剖及组织形态结构研究

对 3只成年不同时期的大鲵精巢进行大体解剖及组织形态结构观察 ,结果表明 ,大鲵精巢由被膜和实质构成。被膜由外层的腹膜和内层的白膜构成 ,白膜从精巢头部向实质伸入形成隔膜 ,把精巢实质分成许多形状和大小不同的精小叶 ;大鲵精巢实质由皮质部和髓质部两部分构成 ,皮质部主要由精小叶和少量的间质组织构成 ,精小叶内分布有生殖细胞聚集而成的精小囊和壶腹。雄性大鲵的生殖细胞的整个发育过程都是在精小囊和壶腹中进行 ,不同时期的精巢内的生殖细胞发育有一定的规律 ;髓质部主要由丰富的血窦、毛细淋巴管和结缔组织构成。     

广西三黄鸡胸腺中肥大细胞的增龄性变化

为了研究肥大细胞在广西三黄鸡胸腺发育过程中的分布及其变化,采取石蜡切片、改良甲苯胺蓝染色技术,对肥大细胞在1、14、28、56、90、120、150日龄广西三黄鸡胸腺中的分布及其变化进行了研究。实验结果发现,肥大细胞呈紫红色,大小不一,形状多样,呈圆形、椭圆形或不规则的多边形,成簇或单一散在分布;肥大细胞主要分布在胸腺的髓质部,在胸腺小体和血管周围分布较多,皮质部、小叶间也有较少分布。随着日龄增长,胸腺单位面积内肥大细胞数量大体呈下降趋势,1日龄单位面积内肥大细胞数量最多,明显高于其他日龄,差异极显著(P0.01);120日龄单位面积内肥大细胞数量最少,明显低于其他日龄组,差异极显著(P0.01)。     

黄腹角雉肾的解剖和组织形态学观察

采用常规方法对1只人工繁殖的黄腹角雉进行解剖,观察其肾的解剖学特征;并取黄腹角雉的肾脏,制作石蜡组织切片,进行H-E染色和在显微镜下观察其组织形态结构。结果表明,其肾脏表面有极薄的结缔组织包被,被膜的结缔组织深入实质,形成含量较少的小叶间结缔组织,内有淋巴组织和丰富的毛细血管。肾实质主要由大量肾小叶构成,每个肾小叶形似倒梨状,内有许多肾单位,分为皮质部肾单位和髓质部肾单位。但其皮质部和髓质部不如哺乳动物那样界线明显,肾单位数量与体重之比较哺乳动物高。     

蓝孔雀泌尿系统的组织学研究

蓝孔雀主要泌尿器官有肾脏和输尿管.肾表面有极薄的结缔纽织被膜,部分表面覆有浆膜.被膜的结缔组织伸入实质形成含量较少的小叶间和肾小管间结缔组织,内有淋巴组织和丰富的毛细血管.实质主要由大量肾小叶构成,每个肾小叶形似梨状,内有许多肾单位.肾小叶分皮质部分和髓质部分,可是没有明显的界限.皮质部分有中央静脉,中央静脉周围有肾小体.肾单位分皮质型肾单位(爬行动物型)和髓质型肾单位(哺乳动物型),输尿管管壁由黏膜层、肌层、外膜构成.     

鸡免疫器官中血管活性肠肽的分布特点

应用免疫组化超敏SP法对鸡不同生长阶段免疫器官中血管活性肠肽(VIP)的表达特点进行了研究,结果显示,胸腺中VIP阳性反应主要分布于被膜及髓质,而皮质内反应较弱;随日龄增加,VIP在被膜和髓质内一直维持较强的表达;实质中VIP强阳性淋巴细胞数量随日龄逐渐增多,至42 d开始减少.脾脏中VIP阳性反应主要出现于被膜及红髓,并在整个生长阶段维持较强的表达,红髓的脾索和脾窦间还有较多的巨噬细胞呈VIP强阳性反应;白髓中仅见动脉周围淋巴鞘中央动脉有VIP的表达,并随日龄的增加逐渐减弱.法氏囊中VIP的表达范围广泛,涉及黏膜、黏膜下层和肌层,尤以黏膜上皮细胞和法氏囊小结髓质的表达为典型;随着日龄增加,黏膜上皮细胞VIP表达逐渐减弱,囊小结髓质一直保持较强的VIP阳性着色,囊小结皮髓质交界处上皮细胞层内VIP强阳性细胞有逐渐增多的趋势.鸡免疫器官中VIP阳性反应物质的广泛分布,提示这3种器官是神经系统以外产生VIP的重要部位,法氏囊中的VIP可参与鸡免疫器官的功能调节,它可作为一种信号分子介导神经内分泌系统和免疫系统之间的相互作用.     

一岁龄犬淋巴器官的组织学和组织化学研究

对４只１岁龄犬的胸腺、淋巴结和脾进行了组织学和组织化学研究，并以酸性α－醋酸萘酯酶法显示Ｔ淋巴细胞的分布。结果表明：１岁龄犬胸腺发达；ＡＮＡＥ阳性淋巴细胞主要分布在胸腺小叶的皮质部；髓质内淋巴细胞数量较少，但分布有胸腺小体。淋巴结内分布有生发中心的次级淋巴小结，ＡＮＡＥ阳性反应的淋巴细胞分布在淋巴小结周围的套层及淋巴结的副皮质区。脾脏被膜和小梁发达，白髓以典型的脾小结和动脉周围淋巴鞘的形式散布在红     

雏鸭胸腺生长指标的动态观测及组织学观察

通过对1～49日龄雏鸭胸腺发育的组织学观察及胸腺重量、胸腺指数和外周血T淋巴细胞α-醋酸萘酯酶阳性率（ANAE^＋）的测定，研究了雏鸭胸腺的生长及组织发育规律。结果显示，胸腺重量随日龄增长逐渐增加；胸腺指数在28日龄时达最高；1～28日龄时外周血T淋巴细胞ANAE^＋上升幅度较大；21～28日龄时胸腺小叶数量增多，并显著增大；28日龄时皮质部主要为小淋巴细胞；胸腺小体有3种形态。表明，雏鸭在1～14日龄时胸腺生长较缓慢，21～28日龄时生长十分迅速，28日龄时胸腺中大部分T淋巴细胞已发育成熟，35～49日龄时胸腺发育已趋于稳定；胸腺小体是具有高度活性的结构，与清除退变上皮有关。     

山羊胸腺的生长及其机能形态学

由于胸腺在家畜生长过程中起重要作用,为此,作者研究了43只幼龄和成年山羊的胸腺。幼龄山羊胸腺由胸叶、颈叶和头叶组成。在良好的饲养条件下,出生后,幼龄山羊的胸腺可持续生长,在48日龄时,达最大重量(约74克)。在70日龄后,山羊胸腺逐渐减小。随着年龄的增长,胸腺小叶周围被小叶间结缔组织分成若干部分,其皮质与髓质的比例减小;     

非洲雏鸵鸟胸腺发育的增龄性变化

本研究旨在探讨非洲雏鸵鸟胸腺生长发育规律,为鸵鸟的饲养管理和疾病防治提供理论基础。选取非洲雏鸵鸟1、30、60、90、334日龄(对照)各4羽,宰杀后,取胸腺,做石蜡包埋组织切片、HE染色,光镜下观察胸腺的组织结构变化,并进行形态计量学分析。结果表明:鸵鸟胸腺的皮质与髓质面积比例随日龄增加逐渐降低;在鸵鸟胸腺髓质中观察到3种形态的胸腺小体,依次为单细胞小体、同心圆小体和团块状小体;胸腺髓质内单细胞小体出现较早,同心圆小体和团块状小体出现较晚。     

不同日龄火鸡腔上囊组织形态结构的研究

为了探讨火鸡腔上囊的组织形态结构及其发育规律,为火鸡的免疫接种和疾病研究提供理论基础。分别取不同日龄火鸡的腔上囊,常规石蜡组织制片,显微镜下进行对比观察,比较不同日龄火鸡腔上囊的组织形态结构。研究结果表明,火鸡腔上囊的基本组织结构与其它禽类基本相似,从内至外依次由黏膜、黏膜下层、肌肉和浆膜4层组成。与其它禽类腔上囊相比,火鸡腔上囊的黏膜和黏膜下层所形成的纵行皱襞和小皱襞要发达得多;黏膜上皮全部为假复层柱状上皮,黏膜的固有膜内腔上囊小结也相对发达。火鸡腔上囊随着日龄的增加而逐渐发育,母火鸡至208日龄时达最大,公火鸡则迟于母火鸡几周,以后又逐渐退化。     

英国布特火鸡生长规律的研究

以1020只0～24周龄的火鸡为材料,测定其胫骨长、胸骨长和增重值。结果表明,布特火鸡商品代的体重生长拐点为16周龄,16周龄时公鸡的平均体重为9.359kg,母鸡为6.758kg。在生长前期胫骨的生长强度高于胸骨,生长后期胸骨的生长强度高于胫骨。说明布特火鸡具有生长快、耗料较低的特点,是具备良好生产性能的优良禽种,为火鸡的生物学种质特性研究提供了基础资料。     

Age-Dependent Immunolocalization of Fibronectin and Histological Changes in the Thymus of Rats

Age-dependent variations in the immunolocalization of fibronectin (FN) in the thymus were investigated in 1-, 6-, 12- and 20-month-old male and female Swiss albino rats (Rattus rattus) at the light-microscopic level and the changes with ageing in the histological structure of the thymus were also studied. There were no significant differences in the age-dependent variations in the immunolocalization of fibronectin or in the histological structure of the thymus between male and female rats of the same age but there were increases with ageing in the fibronectin content of the thymic capsule, the connective tissue between the lobules, around blood vessels, and in the medulla and cortex of thymus. The connective-tissue content between lobules, fat cells, Hassall's corpuscles, the thickness of capsule and the ratio of the medulla to the cortex of the lobules showed age-dependent increases in the thymus of rats of both sexes. Decreases in the organ weight/body weight ratio were also observed with ageing.     

The effect of training on equine metacarpal bone breaking strength

Right third metacarpal bones (n=24) from Thoroughbreds, 24 to 48 months old and in race training, were tested to failure in 3 point bending. The neutral load axis was estimated and the distance from the axis to the outer dorsal cortical surface measured. Mid-diaphyseal dorsopalmar and lateromedial outer cortical and medullary diameters were measured. Breaking strength, cortical area and area moment of inertia were also calculated. Significant correlations were demonstrated between months in training and dorsopalmar bone diameter, cortical area and area moment of inertia. Significant linear models were illustrated between the same 3 variables and number of months in training. It was concluded that increased duration of training significantly enlarges dorsopalmar bone diameter, cortical area and area moment of inertia. Training did not affect metacarpal bone breaking strength as determined by 3 point bending.     

亚硒酸钠对小鼠免疫器官组织结构的影响

为了研究亚硒酸钠对小鼠胸腺、脾脏组织结构的影响。给小鼠腹腔内注射 0 .5%半乳糖(50 mg/ kg/ d) ,连续 8周 ,建立衰老模型组 ;自第 4周开始给衰老用药组腹腔注射亚硒酸钠(2 mg/ kg/ d) ,连续 4周。应用电子天平称量小鼠脾、胸腺重量 ,并对胸腺、脾进行常规石蜡切片 ,观察衰老模型组、衰老用药组和对照组之间胸腺、脾组织结构的差异。结果表明 ,硒对老龄小鼠胸腺、脾的重量影响不大 ,组织切片观察显示 ,亚硒酸钠有延缓小鼠脾脏、胸腺组织衰老的作用 ,故亚硒酸钠对延缓小鼠免疫器官衰老有一定的作用     

海狸鼠淋巴结的解剖及组织形态结构的初步研究

通过对健康成年海狸鼠淋巴结的初步研究发现 :海狸鼠的淋巴结被膜较薄 ,小梁不发达 ;淋巴小结数量较多 ,呈椭圆形 ,细胞排列密集 ,胞核染色较深 ,生发中心不明显 ,皮窦和髓窦相对发达。     

Identifying agent(s) associated with poult enteritis mortality syndrome: importance of the thymus

Poult enteritis mortality syndrome (PEMS), a highly infectious disease of young turkeys, causes serious financial losses to the turkey industry. Clinically, PEMS is defined by mortality profiles, diarrhea, growth depression, and immunosuppression. Although many viruses, bacteria, and parasites are found in PEMS-infected birds, the inciting agent remains unknown. Experimentally, PEMS can be reproduced by exposing na?ve poults to the intestinal contents from infected birds. Previous reports suggest that extraintestinal tissues fail to reproduce the disease. Histopathologic examination of tissues from PEMS-infected poults suggested that the thymus exhibited the earliest signs of pathology. On the basis of these observations, we hypothesized that the thymus harbors an agent(s) involved in PEMS. In these studies, na?ve turkey poults were orally inoculated with a bacteria-free filtrate composed of either the intestines and feces or the thymus from PEMS-infected birds and were monitored for clinical signs of PEMS. Poults exposed to a filtrate composed solely of the thymus from PEMS-infected birds exhibited diarrhea, growth depression, mortality, pathology, and, most importantly, immunosuppression similar to poults exposed to the intestinal filtrate. The results of this study suggest that the thymus of infected birds harbors the agent(s) that can reproduce a PEMS-like disease in turkey poults.     

Ochratoxicosis A in young Khaki Campbell ducklings

Ochratoxin A (OA), a potent nephrotoxic mycotoxin, was fed at 2 ppm in the diet to Khaki Campbell ducklings from hatch to 18 days old. It caused retarded growth, enlargement of the kidneys and liver and regression of the thymus. Light and electron microscopical changes seen in the liver included an accumulation of glycogen and the presence of mis-shapen mitochondria in the hepatocytes. OA caused thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and in infiltration of lymphoid cells into the kidney. There was an increased deposition of IgG in the glomeruli. OA-fed ducklings had normal levels of circulating IgG in their sera and there was a subepithelial migration of IgG-positive cells in the bursa of Fabricius. In general, OA-induced changes seen in ducklings, both with the light and electron microscopes, were similar to, but less pronounced than those seen in the fowl and turkey.