烤用仔鸡的饲养管理

<正>通常把活重达到2.7～3.6kg的肉用型鸡叫做烤用仔鸡。烤用仔鸡是与肉用仔鸡以相同方式饲养的仔鸡,但体重较大一些。烤用仔鸡活重达到2kg以前,其管理方法与肉用仔鸡的管理方法十分相近,以后则需要对其日粮组成和一些管理方法进行调整。     

肉用仔鸡的生长发育特点与疾病防治

了解肉用仔鸡的发病特点与疾病的发生规律,掌握肉用仔鸡的疾病防治技术,才能更好地进行饲养管理,更大程度地发挥其经济效益。1肉用仔鸡生长发育特点1.1生长速度快、饲养周期短、饲料报酬高:一般肉用仔鸡孵出时体重为40g左右,由于全价饲料的广泛应用,肉用仔鸡的育雏期(0～3周龄)     

浅谈肉用仔鸡饲养和疫病防治

肉用仔鸡生长快,需要饲料报酬高,饲养周期短,同时雏鸡发病率高,所以必须加强防制措施和饲养管理。如何养好肉用仔鸡,不断增加经济效益,应认真做好如下几方面: 1、肉用仔鸡的饲料管理 肉用仔鸡生长快,需要的饲养标准较高,饲养的密度大,要求饲养的条件严格。所以在饲养管理上重点做到如下几点:     

肉用仔鸡饲养与管理技术

肉用仔鸡具有生长速度快、饲养周期短、饲料报酬率低等养殖优势，这些年肉用仔鸡养殖备受地方养殖户喜爱，具有很好的发展前景。但是，因其独特的养殖特点，在育肥管理方面也有独到之处。文章自坚持“全进全出”的饲养管理制度；根据日龄阶段分段饲养；肉鸡采食及饮水管理；根据育成情况减少残品率；肉鸡公母分开饲养；关于通风管理与光照控制等几个方面，就提升肉用仔鸡饲养管理质量，以供参考和借鉴。     

肉用仔鸡管理中应注意的几个问题

总结我公司养鸡户多年饲养肉用仔鸡的经验和教训,认为肉用仔鸡的环境对它的成活和增重都有着直接影响。所以在饲养肉用仔鸡过程中应注意改善它的生活条件,要为它创造适宜生长发育的环境,这是管理中应特别注意的问题。肉用仔鸡的环境条件是多方面的,既     

谈谈肉用仔鸡生产(三)

三、肉用仔鸡生产在饲养管理技术方面的几个关键和应注意的问题近年来肉用仔鸡生产的发展及其生产性能的显著提高,这是由于各方面努力的结果。特别是由于在肉用仔鸡的育种配套系的研究有了新的突破,使其后代遗传潜力得到了充分发挥。另一方面,在饲料营养研究方面又有了新的进展。加之饲养管理技术的改     

肉用仔鸡的饲养管理要点分析

肉用仔鸡生长速度快,养殖成本较低,但是在饲养管理过程中,很容易受到各种环境因素的影响,导致生长速率较低.对此,本文将详细探究肉用仔鸡的饲养管理要点,以期为肉用仔鸡的健康养殖提供技术指导.     

肉仔鸡养殖如何度夏

肉用仔鸡对外界环境变化较为敏感,到了夏季,高温、高湿气候对肉用仔鸡生产极为不利,肉用仔鸡表现为生长发育缓慢,发病率高,出栏成活率降低。特别是某些小型养殖户,饲养管理水平较低,环境控制设备较差,更易受到影响。为了使肉用仔鸡能顺利过夏,在饲养管理上应采取以下几项措施：     

日粮因素对肉用仔鸡腹水综合症的影响

在世界许多地区。腹水综合症是引起肉用仔鸡死亡的主要原因,通过限制饲养或加强管理的方法来限制仔鸡早期的生长速度将有效地降低其死亡率。本文所探讨的是日粮因素对肉用仔鸡腹水症的影响。     

江山白羽乌骨鸡肉用仔鸡的饲养管理技术

江山白羽乌骨鸡是我国珍稀鸡种之一，已有1600多年的饲养历史。近年来，肉用仔鸡的饲养量不断增加，为提高江山白羽乌骨鸡肉用仔鸡的饲养效益，必须抓好以下饲养管理技术。     

The effect of genotype,choice feeding,and season on organically reared broilers fed diets devoid of synthetic methionine

In response to the impending ban on synthetic methionine in organic poultry diets, researchers have focused on finding alternative strategies to supply this amino acid. The objectives of this study were to assess performance and carcass characteristics of broilers fed diets devoid of synthetic methionine by using 1) a slow-growing and a fast-growing genotype, 2) choice-feeding management (supplying grain and a complementary premix in 2 separate feeders), and 3) pasture access and seasonal variation. Inclusion of fish meal and high percentages of soybean meal enabled the specific genotype methionine requirement to be met. All diets were certified organic. The experiment was conducted during the grower and finisher phases in 4 different seasons: late fall, spring, summer, and early fall. Pasture access was assessed either by housing broilers on the West Virginia University Organic farm and giving them outdoor access, or by housing broilers on the West Virginia University Animal Sciences farm and giving them no outdoor access. Fast-growing genotypes were superior in performance and carcass characteristics compared with slow-growing genotypes, and choice-feeding management did not improve performance or carcass characteristics. Pasture access tended to have no effect on slow-growing broilers and decreased the performance of fast-growing broilers. Performance was decreased in late fall, likely because of cold ambient temperatures.     

不同光色对肉鸡生产性能的影响

试验取脱温海布罗(hybro)商品肉用仔鸡75只,分别在不同光色和间歇光照下饲养4周,初探不同光照制度对鸡的增重、采食量和饲料报酬等方面的影响。结果表明,在饲养管理条件相同的情况下,不同光色对肉用仔鸡的增重有明显不同的影响,其中以红光组的效果最好,白炽光组最差。经济效益的顺序为:红光组>绿光组>黄光组>白炽光组>自然光组。     

我国南方地区3—5月肉鸡肠道疾病典型症状与防控措施

在我国南方地区3—5月高湿条件下肉鸡极易发生肠道疾病,以排水样便、血便、肉样便以及饲料样腹泻为特征。分析了肉鸡肠道疾病的发病原因,并提出了使用低蛋白及低代谢能日粮、加强饲养管理、使用中草药调理肉鸡肠道以及饲喂河沙等具体的防控措施。以期为临床有效防控肉鸡肠道疾病提供参考。     

不同乳酸菌及其添加水平对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫机能和肠道结构的影响

本试验通过在饲粮中添加不同菌种、不同水平的同源乳酸菌制剂,研究其对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫机能和肠道形态结构的影响,比较2种乳酸菌的应用效果,进而确定饲粮中适宜的乳酸菌添加水平.选用1日龄健康爱拔益加肉公雏288只,随机分成6组,每组4个重复,每个重复12只鸡,Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ组为抗生素组,饲喂基础饲粮+0....     

笼养肉仔鸡胸囊肿发生的机制及其影响因素

笼养肉仔鸡胸囊肿的发生使其产品质量下降。文章立足国内外相关研究基础,综述分析了肉仔鸡胸囊肿发生的机制及其遗传、生理、环境和管理等影响因素,旨为笼养肉仔鸡的生产性能和产品质量的提高以及系统的理论研究提供科学的依据。     

Risk factors for foot-pad dermatitis in chicken and turkey broilers in France

A prospective cohort study was conducted in the Brittany region to identify the risk factors related to foot-pad dermatitis (considered an indicator of animal well-being) in chicken and turkey broilers reared under commercial conditions. Factors related to the shed, equipment, litter management and stocking density were recorded; the dependent variable was the prevalence of lesions observed on the slaughterhouse chain. Lesions were scored from 0 (no lesion) to 3 (severe lesion). Our survey lasted from May 1999 to October 2000. Fifty flocks of chicken broilers (15 farms), 27 flocks of female turkey broilers (21 farms) and 41 flocks of male turkey broilers (27 farms) were surveyed. In chicken broilers, 10% of flocks were of high quality (80% of birds with score 0) and this was related to the use of concrete floors with a thin layer of wood shavings. In turkey broilers, 48% of female and 46% of male flocks were of bad quality (>10% of birds with score 3). A poor fan ventilation system (<150 m³/h/kg) was a significant risk factor. Turkey flocks of high quality were not observed. Stocking density had no influence on the prevalence of foot-pad dermatitis. We concluded that it is possible under high commercial stocking densities to have flocks with a low prevalence of foot-pad dermatitis in chicken broilers, whereas it is not in turkey broilers. Hence in chicken broilers, implementing a monitoring system based on the observation of foot-pad dermatitis prevalence at slaughter appears to be more appropriate than to legislate stocking density. In turkey broilers, it would probably be necessary either to reduce the stocking density drastically or to investigate new systems of floor drainage.     

Nitric oxide synthase expression in the endothelium of pulmonary arterioles in normal and pulmonary hypertensive chickens subjected to chronic hypobaric hypoxia

To determine whether or not exposure to chronic hypoxia and subsequent development of pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) induce alterations in endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production in broiler's pulmonary vascular bed of broilers, we studied the expression of nitric oxide synthase enzyme in pulmonary endothelial cells by a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase histochemical staining reaction. For this purpose, 60 broilers of three different ages (17, 30, and 42 days) were used. The animals were distributed in two groups: a) 30 healthy (nonhypertensive) broilers and b) 30 chicks with PHS. All broilers in group b had fewer NADPH-diaphorase-positive endothelial cells in arterioles than did the nonhypertensive broilers. These differences were highly significant (P < 0.01). These results demonstrate for, the first time in broilers, that hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension is associated with a decrease of endothelial-derived NO expression in pulmonary vessels.     

Association of growth rate with hormone levels and myogenic gene expression profile in broilers

Background: The growth rate often varies among individual broilers of the same breed under a common management condition. To investigate whether a variation in the growth rate is associated with a difference in hormone levels and myogenic gene expression profile in broilers, a feeding trial was conducted with 10,000 newly hatched Ross 308 chicks in a commercial production facility under standard management. At 38 d of age,30 fast-, 30 medium-, and 30 slow-growing broilers were selected among 600 healthy male individuals. The levels of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1), triiodothyronine(T3), thyroxine(T4), and growth hormone in the serum or breast muscle were assayed by ELISA or RIA kits, and the expression levels of several representative pro-and anti-myogenic genes in the breast muscle were also measured by real-time PCR.Results: Results showed that both absolute and relative weights of the breast muscle were in linear positive correlations with the body weight of broilers(P 0.001). Fast-growing broilers had higher concentrations of IGF-1 than slow-growing broilers(P 0.05) in both the serum and breast muscle. The serum concentration of T3 was significantly higher in fast-growing birds than in slow-growing birds(P 0.05). However, no difference was observed in growth hormone or T4 concentration among three groups of birds. Additionally, a decreased expression of an anti-myogenic gene(myostatin) and increased expressions of pro-myogenic genes such as myogenic differentiation factor 1, myogenin, muscle regulatory factor 4, myogenic factor 5, IGF-1, and myocyte enhancer factor 2B, C, and D were observed in fast-growing broilers(P 0.05), relative to slow-growing broilers.Conclusions: Collectively, these findings suggested that the growth rate is linked to the hormone and myogenic gene expression levels in broiler chickens. Some of these parameters such as serum concentrations of IGF-1 and T3 could be employed to breed for enhanced growth.     

钙蛋白酶基因在鸡不同组织和品种中的表达差异

为了探讨钙蛋白酶(calpain,CAPN)基因在鸡不同组织和品种中的表达差异,本研究采用半定量RT-PCR方法研究了CAPN基因在鸡不同组织和品种中的表达差异。结果表明:CAPN基因表达于优质鸡的10个不同组织中,肝脏和胸肌中的表达量最高并显著高于其他组织(P<0.05);优质鸡胸肌组织中CAPN基因的表达量显著高于艾维茵肉鸡和宝万斯尼拉蛋鸡品种(P<0.05),优质鸡品种之间以及肉鸡与蛋鸡品种间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果证明钙蛋白酶是一种在鸡体内普遍存在的蛋白,CAPN基因在鸡不同组织和品种中的表达存在显著差异。     

不同养殖模式及季节性因素对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质影响的研究

旨在探讨不同养殖模式及季节性因素对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响。选取2个批次的相同品种肉雏鸡,第1批饲养时间为10—12月,第2批饲养时间为3—5月,从第5周龄开始,将每个批次的肉鸡随机分为3组,各组饲养模式分别为散养、网上平养、发酵床养殖。测定并比较相同批次内不同养殖方式与相同养殖方式下不同批次5~10周龄肉鸡的生长性能,以及10周龄后肉鸡的屠宰性能和肉品质性能指标。结果表明:第1批散养肉鸡的第10周龄体重极显著高于发酵床养殖(P<0.01),第2批散养肉鸡的第10周龄体重极显著高于发酵床养殖和网上平养(P<0.01);第1批散养肉鸡的胸肌肉色和粗脂肪含量极显著高于发酵床养殖和网上平养(P<0.01),第2批散养肉鸡的胸肌粗脂肪含量极显著高于发酵床养殖和网上平养(P<0.01);第2批散养肉鸡的腿肌水分极显著低于发酵床养殖和网上平养(P<0.01),腿肌粗脂肪含量极显著高于发酵床养殖和网上平养(P<0.01)。3种饲养模式下,第2批肉鸡的第8~10周龄体重均极显著高于第1批(P<0.01);网上平养模式下,第1批肉鸡的屠宰率与全净膛率显著高于第2批(P<0.05);网上平养与散养模式下,第1批肉鸡的胸肌率极显著高于第2批(P<0.01);3种饲养模式下,第2批肉鸡的胸肌粗蛋白含量极显著高于第1批(P<0.01),第1批肉鸡的腿肌肉色、剪切力与系水力极显著高于第2批(P<0.01)。综上提示,散养模式下肉鸡的体重及肉品质指标优于网上平养及发酵床养殖模式;肉鸡的生产性能、屠宰性能及肉品质受季节性因素影响。