日粮核黄素水平对热应激条件下肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

本试验采用360只21日龄ArborAcres商品代肉仔鸡 ,随机分成6组 ,每组3个重复 ,每个重复20只鸡 ,公母各半。试验期为5周。研究日粮核黄素水平对热应激条件下肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。日粮中添加的核黄素水平分别为0、1.6、5.2、12.4、23、48mg/kg。试验结果表明 ,高温条件下核黄素添加水平对21～42日龄肉仔鸡平均日增重、料重比无显著影响 (P>0.05)。添加12.4及23mg/kg 核黄素组与对照组相比显著增加了43～56日龄肉仔鸡的平均日增重 ,分别增高30.66 %和35.70 % (P<0.05) ,但对料重比无显著影响(P>0.05)。添加不同水平的核黄素可以显著降低肉鸡的死亡率 (P<0.05) ,显著降低热应激条件下生长中期肉鸡的血清肌酸激酶水平 (P<0.05)。随着日龄的增加 ,在试验中期 (4～6周 ) ,添加不同水平的核黄素日粮可以降低肉鸡14:00的呼吸率 ;在试验后期 (6～8周 ) ,添加12.4mg/kg 水平的核黄素日粮可以降低肉鸡9:00的呼吸率。随着环境温度的升高 ,将日粮核黄素水平提高到48mg/kg有降低肉鸡生长后期肛温的作用(P<0.05)。     

核黄素粗制品对肉鸡的饲养效果

核黄素粗制品对肉鸡的饲养效果无锡轻工大学王希东朱建津李永富朱建平姚国核黄素对动物的生长和代谢具有重要作用，在各种维生素产品中核黄素的价格是比较贵的。而且，有时核黄素的供应也比较紧张。鉴于这些具体情况，设想用核黄素发酵的粗制品应用于饲料，可以节省提取、...     

肉鸡和火鸡对核黄素的需要量高于NRC标准——兼论核黄素需要量的影响因素

玉米豆饼粉日粮中缺乏核黄素,且所含核黄素的利用率又很低。NRC标准中的核黄素推荐量已过时了,因其没有考虑到现代肉鸡和火鸡品种的情况,也没有考虑到当前的饲养条件。高能日粮、高生长率和慢性应激(包括热应激),可提高核黄素需要量。垫料中聚积起硼元素,也会提高核黄素需要量。缺乏核黄素会降低皮肤的抗张强度,还会减慢伤口的愈合。近两年来的研究表明当前商品饲料中的核黄素添加率不能满足最佳性能表现的需要。     

肉雏鸡饮多维素水溶 液防治缺乏症

我场饲养艾维茵肉鸡已有5年的历史.前两年肉鸡育雏早期(10日龄前)经常发生维生素缺乏症,尤其是核黄素(B_2)缺乏症. 核黄素是动物体内形成十几种酶的辅基,是所有动物生长和组织修复所必需的.肉雏鸡缺乏核黄素,表现生长缓慢,消瘦,并且造成1-2周龄阶段的雏鸡发生腹泻.肉鸡脚肉萎缩和松软,皮肤干燥而粗糙,严重缺乏者双脚爪产生“卷爪”麻痹症.有的病鸡专靠两肢肘关节着地行走;有的双翅展开以维     

43～63日龄黄羽肉鸡核黄素需要量研究

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平核黄素对43 ～ 63日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、血液和肝脏生化指标及肉质性状的影响,探讨43 ～ 63日龄黄羽肉鸡核黄素需要量.试验选用43日龄岭南黄羽肉公鸡1 200只,采用单因子随机分组试验设计,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复40只鸡.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加1.5、3.0、6.0和12.0 mg/kg核黄素的试验饲粮,试验期21 d.结果表明:与对照组相比,添加3.0 mg/kg核黄素显著提高了试验鸡平均日增重(P＜0.05),各组间料重比差异不显著(P＞0.05).饲粮添加核黄素显著降低了血清氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量,并提高了还原型谷胱甘肽/氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSH/GSSG)值(P＜0.05),其中以3.0 mg/kg添加组GSH/GSSG值最高;添加6.0 mg/kg核黄素显著提高了试验鸡肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)活性(P＜0.05);试验鸡血浆核黄素含量随着饲粮核黄素添加水平的增加而呈递增趋势,当添加水平为12.0 mg/kg时与对照组差异显著(P＜0.05).饲粮添加核黄素对试验鸡脾脏指数、法氏囊指数、胸腺指数、血液T淋巴细胞增殖效应以及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性影响均不显著(P＞0.05).饲粮添加3.0 mg/kg核黄素显著提高了胸肌红度值(P＜0.05),添加6.0 mg/kg核黄素则显著降低了胸肌亮度值(P＜0.05);添加核黄素对试验鸡胸肌pH、滴水损失及胸肌黄度值无显著影响(P＞0.05).综上所述,以平均日增重和抗氧化性能为评定指标,43 ～ 63日龄黄羽肉鸡核黄素适宜添加水平为3.0 mg/kg.     

金霉素、粘杆菌素对肉鸡肠道微生物的影响及其与肉鸡核黄素营养的关系研究

1日龄AA肉鸡840只，随机分为15个处理组，日粮分别添加两种不同剂量的金霉素(50和100mg/kg)和粘杆菌素(10和20 mg/kg)都可显著降低28日龄肉鸡盲肠中大肠杆菌的数量(P＜0.05)；且随着抗生素剂量的增加，其数量有继续降低的趋势。其中添加20 mg/kg的粘杆菌素可显著提高28日龄肉鸡盲肠中双歧杆菌的数量(P＜0.05)；添加50 mg/kg的金霉素和10 mg/kg粘杆菌素也使其略有提高，但差异不显著(P＞0.05)；添加100 mg/kg的金霉素使其略有降低，但差异也不显著(P＞0.05)。 肉鸡日粮中添加20 mg/kg粘杆菌素可显著提高21日龄肉鸡盲肠中核黄素的含量(P＜0.05)，添加100 mg/kg金霉素也使其提高(P＞0.05)；添加100mg/kg金霉素和20 mg/kg粘杆菌素都有降低21日龄肉鸡结肠核黄素含量的趋势(P＞0.05)；添加100 mg/kg金霉素和20 mg/kg粘杆菌素分别使21日龄肉鸡盲肠和结肠核黄素的差值从3.37μg/g干物质提高到6.27和8.27 μg/g干物质，两种抗生素的添加都有利于肠道后段核黄素的吸收。     

肉鸡和火鸡对核黄素的需要量高于NRC标准：兼论核黄素需要量的…

玉米豆饼粉日粮中缺乏核黄素，且所含核黄素的利用率又很低。ＮＲＣ标准中的核黄素推荐量已过时了，因其没有考虑到现代肉鸡和火鸡品种的情况，也没有考虑到当前的饲养条件。高能日粮，高生长率和慢性应激（包括热应激），可提高核黄素需要量。垫料中聚积起硼元素，也会提高核黄素需要量。缺乏核黄素会降低皮肤的抗张强度，还会减慢伤口的愈合，近两年来的研究表明当前商品饲料中的核黄添加率不能满足最佳性能表现的需要。     

枸杞子粉可作鸡饲料添加剂

枸杞子主要含有1%的甜菜碱,还含有胡萝卜素、硫胺、核黄素、烟酸、抗坏血酸、钙、磷、铁等。在鸡饲料中加入2%～3%的枸杞子粉,可使肉鸡饲料利用率提高5%～8%,     

雏鸡核黄素缺乏症的病理学研究

１日龄ＡＡ肉鸡,分组饲喂含不同核黄素水平日粮,人工诱发雏鸡核黄素缺乏症。结果表明,核黄素缺乏主要损害雏鸡的外周神经。通过光镜和电镜观察均表明外周神经明显变性。临床上,多数病鸡表现卷趾麻痹,少数表现不卷趾麻痹和亚临床症状。引外,本实验发现坐骨神经干的不同分支脱髓鞘程度不同,并提出此变化与病鸡是否表现卷趾麻痹密切相关。     

不同剂量金霉素和核黄素对肉鸡生产性能的影响

在畜禽营养中,抗生素与B族维生素是日粮配制中很重要的两类饲料添加剂,两者间有一定的相关关系。抗生素能降低肠道中有害微生物的数量,从而改变肠道微生物的组成和数量;B族维生素部分可由肠道内的微生物合成,所以肠道中抗生素导致的微生物变化会相应地影响B族维生素的内源合成,并最终影响B族维生素的营养代谢。本研究以不同剂量的金霉素和不同水平的核黄素对0～35日龄肉鸡进行饲喂试验,以探讨生产中常用的抗生素和肉鸡较易缺乏的核黄素对肉鸡生产性能、生化指标等的影响。1 材料与方法1.1 试验设计 本试验采用3×3因子完全随机     

Investigations on the effect of maternal dietary riboflavin supplementation during gravidity and lactation on riboflavin concentrations in blood,liver, and total body of rat offspring

The present study investigated the effect of various maternal dietary riboflavin supplementations during gravidity and lactation on riboflavin concentrations in blood, liver, and total body of their offspring. Therefore, two experiments with a total of 154 female rats were conducted. In the first experiment the animals received a semisynthetic diet (basal riboflavin concentration of 0.9 mg/kg diet) with various riboflavin supplementations during lactation (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 40, 400, 4000 mg riboflavin/kg diet). In the second experiment, during gravidity, the rats were fed supplements of 1 or 20 mg riboflavin/kg diet. After parturition each group was divided into three subgroups that received 1, 5 or 20 mg riboflavin/kg with their feed during the following lactation. Both investigations continued until the 14th day of the lactation period just before the pups would start to eat the diets. The total body weights of the offspring in the first experiment only showed an effect of the riboflavin supplementation during lactation in the riboflavin‐deficient group (supplementation of 0 mg/kg diet). Regarding the second experiment, the total body and liver weights of the offspring on the 14th day of lactation were not significantly influenced by the various maternal riboflavin supplements during gravidity and lactation. The data of the first experiment clearly show that there exists a slight dose‐response relationship between the maternal dietary riboflavin supplementation during lactation and the riboflavin concentration in the blood and total body of the offspring. However, a riboflavin supplementation over 8 mg/kg diet led to a saturation of the riboflavin concentration in the body. Also, a dietary supplementation above 2 mg riboflavin/kg diet had no influence on the liver riboflavin concentration. The second investigation showed that the riboflavin concentration in all samples was influenced predominantly by the maternal riboflavin supply during lactation. The riboflavin supply during gravidity had no or only a very slight effect on the riboflavin concentrations in blood, liver, and total body of the offspring. In conclusion, these results indicate the necessity of a sufficient maternal dietary riboflavin supply (8–9 mg/kg diet) during lactation in regard to the health of their offspring and that a high riboflavin supply during gravidity cannot compensate for a deficient supply during lactation.     

灌注烟酸、核黄素对奶牛生产性能和血液参数的影响

选5头经产并装有永久性十二指肠瘘管的中国荷斯坦奶牛,采用5×5拉丁方试验设计,分为对照组(烟酸和核黄素,0 g/d)、烟酸组(烟酸,3 g/d)、核黄素组(核黄素,0.3 g/d)、烟酸+核黄素组(烟酸3 g/d+核黄素0.3 g/d)、VB混合物组(烟酸3 g/d+核黄素0.3 g/d+硫胺素0.03 g/d+泛酸0.42 g/d+吡哆醇0.03 g/d+生物素0.04 g/d+叶酸0.04 g/d),以研究十二指肠灌注烟酸、核黄素、烟酸+核黄素、VB混合物对奶牛生产性能、血液参数及牛奶风味的影响。结果表明,奶牛干物质采食量和产奶量在烟酸+核黄素组、VB混合物组中增加(P<0.05),在烟酸组、核黄素组中无显著改变(P>0.05);外周血红细胞数和血红蛋白含量在VB混合物组中增加(P<0.05),在烟酸+核黄素组中降低(P<0.05),在烟酸组中无显著变化(P>0.05),核黄素组外周血红细胞数降低(P<0.05),血红蛋白含量无显著改变(P>0.05),处理组间其余外周血红细胞参数、血小板参数及牛奶风味均无显著差异(P>0.05)。因此,泌乳奶牛十二指肠灌注烟酸+核黄素、VB混合物可以提高奶牛生产性能,且VB混合物对外周血红细胞数量和血红蛋白含量具有提高作用,经十二指肠灌注烟酸、核黄素、烟酸+核黄素、VB混合物对牛奶风味无副作用,且烟酸+核黄素、VB混合物组牛奶风味较对照组更佳。     

Reassessment of riboflavin requirement for single comb White Leghorn pullets from 0 to 6 weeks of age fed on maize-soyabean meal diets and its subsequent effect on sexual maturity and egg production

1. Two experiments were conducted using a total of 228 Hyline W-26 1-d-old pullets in each experiment. The purpose of the study was to reassess the riboflavin requirement from 0 to 6 weeks of age (WOA) and its subsequent effect on sexual maturity and egg production using a maize-soybean meal diet. 2. Approximately 10% incidence of curly toe paralysis was observed among birds fed on the diet with no added riboflavin (1.5 mg total riboflavin/kg diet). 3. Applying the non-linear regression model to the body weight gain data at 3 and 6 WOA in both the experiments, it was found that the minimum total riboflavin required to achieve maximum body weight gain for the two age periods was 2.3 and 2.0 mg/kg of the total diet. This is equivalent to 5.0 and 5.7 micrograms riboflavin/g of body weight gain from 0 to 3 and 3 to 6 WOA respectively. 4. Birds fed on the diet containing no added (1.5 mg total/kg) riboflavin laid fewer eggs and had lower body weights at 24 weeks. 5. We conclude that, from 0 to 6 WOA, at least 2.3 mg total riboflavin/kg should be present in the diet to prevent curly toe paralysis, obtain the maximum body weight gain and sustain the subsequent performance at sexual maturity.     

Effects of dietary borate and aluminate on riboflavin metabolism in the breeding hen

Breeding hens were used to investigate the effects of aluminate and borate ingestion on riboflavin metabolism. Groups of six hens were fed on either a control diet, or the control diet plus 15 g kg-1 of either sodium metaborate or sodium meta-aluminate. All diets contained 6 mg kg-1 riboflavin. Daily egg production per hen in the borate group had mean values of 0.71, 0.21 and 0.02 for the three weeks of the study. The values were 0.91, 0.91, 0.86 and 0.86, 0.74, 0.89 for the control and aluminate groups, respectively. Fertility (fertile eggs per 100 set) and hatchability (live chicks per 100 fertile eggs) were both nil in the borate-treated hens, compared with 57 and 95 and 59 and 100 for the control and aluminate-treated hens, respectively. Fluorimetric analysis of blood plasma, egg yolk and albumen showed that the riboflavin contents of all tissues were greatly reduced in the borate-treated hens. Borate ingestion can therefore induce a severe riboflavin deficiency in the hen, but aluminium, a more universal contaminant of food or water, did not impair riboflavin metabolism when fed as aluminate.     

核黄素缺乏对1～28日龄北京鸭生长性能、器官指数和血浆生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究核黄素缺乏对1~28日龄北京鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、器官指数、组织核黄素含量及血浆生化指标的影响。采用单因子完全随机试验设计,选取360只1日龄健康的雄性北京鸭,随机分为3个组,即核黄素缺乏组、采食配对组(人为控制该组采食量与核黄素缺乏组一致)和自由采食对照组,每组12个重复,每个重复10只鸭。核黄素缺乏组试验鸭饲喂核黄素缺乏饲粮(实测核黄素含量为1.38 mg/kg),采食配对组和自由采食对照组饲喂核黄素充足饲粮(在核黄素缺乏饲粮基础上添加10 mg/kg核黄素)。试验期为28 d。结果表明:与采食配对组和自由采食对照组相比,核黄素缺乏组试验鸭的平均日增重、胸肌率和腿肌率显著降低(P0.05),料重比和死亡率显著升高(P0.05),肝脏指数、心脏指数和胰腺指数显著提高(P0.05),血浆核黄素、肝脏核黄素和黄素单核苷酸含量显著降低(P0.05),血浆谷草转氨酶活性及总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量显著提高(P0.05)。由此得出,核黄素是北京鸭生长发育必需的营养素;饲粮中缺乏核黄素可降低1~28日龄北京鸭的生长性能和组织中核黄素含量,可提高肝脏指数并导致血浆总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量及谷草转氨酶活性升高。     

肉仔鸡核黄素营养状况评价方法的探讨

取1日龄超级星布罗商品代肉仔鸡140只,分成7组,其日粮核黄素水平(mg/kg)分别为0.4,2.4,4.4,6.4,8.4,10.4,12.0,饲养至56日龄,对其体增重、饲料效率、肝脏总黄素(黄素腺嘌吟二核苷酸、黄素单核苷酸和核黄素的总称)浓度、肝脏总黄素绝对量及全血谷胱甘肽还原酶活性系数(BGRAC)进行了测定.试验结果表明,各测定指标与日粮核黄素水平极其相关(P<0.01).当日粮核黄素水平低于6.4mg/kg时,BGRAC与日粮核黄素水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.9605);同时,BGRAC同其余各指标亦呈显著负相关(P<0.01).由此认为,BGRAC是评价肉仔鸡核黄素营养状况灵敏而准确的指标.     

饲粮核黄素水平对15～42日龄北京鸭生长性能和血浆生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮核黄素水平对15~42日龄北京鸭生长性能和血浆生化指标的影响。采用单因子完全随机试验设计,选取288只体重相近的15日龄雄性北京鸭,随机分为6个组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鸭。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(核黄素水平为1.38 mg/kg),试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加1.00、2.00、3.00、4.00和5.00 mg/kg核黄素的试验饲粮。试验期为28 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,饲粮中添加核黄素显著提高了15~42日龄北京鸭的平均日增重和平均日采食量(P0.05),显著提高了血浆核黄素含量(P0.05),显著降低了血浆谷丙转氨酶活性和甘油三酯含量(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加核黄素可显著提高15~42日龄雄性北京鸭的生长性能和血浆核黄素含量。以平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比和血浆核黄素含量为评价指标,采用折线模型估测15~42日龄雄性北京鸭核黄素需要量为2.24~2.66 mg/kg。     

饲粮中核黄素添加水平对生长獭兔肉品质、毛囊发育和免疫性能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中核黄素添加水平对生长獭兔肉品质、毛囊发育和免疫性能的影响。选择体重相近的3月龄獭兔160只,随机分为4组,每组40个重复,每个重复1只兔。各组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0(对照)、3、6和12 mg/kg核黄素的饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期53 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加6、12 mg/kg核黄素显著降低了獭兔肌肉的滴水损失(P0.05),饲粮中添加3、6、12 mg/kg核黄素显著提高了獭兔皮肤中总毛囊密度(P0.05),饲粮中添加3、6 mg/kg核黄素显著提高了獭兔皮肤中初级毛囊密度(P0.05),饲粮中添加6、12 mg/kg核黄素显著提高了獭兔皮肤中次级毛囊密度(P0.05),饲粮中添加3、6 mg/kg核黄素显著降低了獭兔皮肤中次级毛囊密度/初级毛囊密度(P0.05)。饲粮中核黄素添加水平对獭兔的胸腺重、胸腺指数及血清免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白A、白细胞介素-2含量影响显著(P0.05),且均随着饲粮中核黄素添加水平的升高呈先增加后降低的趋势,并均在6 mg/kg添加组中达到最大值,显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此可见,3~5月龄生长獭兔饲粮中核黄素适宜添加水平为6 mg/kg(实际测定饲粮中核黄素水平为8.35 mg/kg)。     

Riboflavin requirement of lactating swine

Twenty-five crossbred gilts and 25 crossbred sows were used in an experiment to estimate the riboflavin requirement of lactating swine. During gestation the females were fed a 12% crude protein, corn-soybean meal diet that was marginal in riboflavin content, i.e., 2.3 mg/kg. After farrowing, litter size was equalized across lactation diets within each parity category. The basal, 14% crude-protein corn-soybean meal lactation diet was supplemented to provide five levels of dietary riboflavin: 1.25, 2.25, 3.25, 4.25 and 5.25 mg/kg. Five gilts and five sows were fed each dietary treatment. Each dam was provided her assigned diet ad libitum during the 24-d lactation; piglets were not provided supplemental feed. The erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGRAC), an indicator of riboflavin status, was measured on blood samples obtained from the dams and their piglets on d 1 and d 24 postpartum. On d 1, the mean EGRAC of gilts was slightly higher than that of sows, while piglet EGRAC was similar regardless of maternal age. On d 24 gilts and their piglets had higher average EGRAC (P less than .01) than did sows and their piglets. Thus, there was a treatment x dam age interaction (P less than .05). Lactation performance criteria gave further evidence of similar treatment x age group interactions. Gilts fed the diet containing 1.25 ppm riboflavin had higher piglet mortality, consumed less feed and lost more weight (P less than .05) for each criterion than did sows fed the same diet. Despite these observations, the broken-line estimates of the riboflavin requirement, based on EGRAC, for gilts and sows were 16.3 and 16.2 mg/d, respectively. The EGRAC values for piglets closely paralleled those of their dams regardless of treatment, suggesting that there is no mechanism to protect the nursing piglets from a maternal dietary deficiency of riboflavin.