通过营养调控缓解畜禽生产对环境的污染

针对畜禽生产规模不断扩大和集约化程度不断提高,畜禽生产对环境的污染日益严重的实际情况.本文从①饲料原料的选择;②减少畜禽粪便中氮的排出量; ③降低畜禽排泄物中磷的排出量;④减少重金属的污染; ⑤利用饲料添加剂;⑥改进饲料加工工艺6个方面系统综述了通过营养调控缓解畜禽生产对环境污染的具体措施.     

降低畜牧业环境污染的营养调控技术

随着畜牧业生产规模的不断扩大和集约化程度的不断提高 ,畜牧生产过程中产生的大量氨气、硫化氢、粪臭素、三甲基氨等恶臭气体和粪尿中的氮磷等元素、重金属等 ,造成了严重的环境污染 ,极大的影响了城乡居民的身体健康。因此 ,充分运用营养调控技术 ,降低畜牧业环境污染 ,促进畜牧业可持续发展成了畜牧生产中亟待解决的问题。1　畜禽养殖成为我国新的污染大户国家环保总局在全国 2 3个省市进行的调查发现 ,全国90 %的规模化畜禽养殖场未经过环境评价 ,6 0 %的养殖场缺乏必要的污染防治措施。畜禽养殖产生的污染已成为中国农村地区污染的主要…     

采用营养调控降低养殖场粪污对环境污染

随着养殖业飞速发展，不可避免地产生了大量的“畜产公害”，如畜禽粪便和养殖污水任意堆弃和排放，养殖场集中地区环境恶化，水源、土壤等产生污染，究其原因主要是有机含氮含磷物等的大量排放和畜禽粪便不能及时有效处理造成的。通过科学配合配制饲粮、选用适宜添加剂等营养调控提高饲料利用率，减少营养素排放是解决养殖场粪污对环境污染的根本举措。     

降低畜牧业环境污染的营养调控技术

随着畜牧业生产规模的不断扩大和集约化程度的不断提高，生产过程中产生的大量氨气、硫化氢、粪臭素、三甲基氨等恶臭气体和粪尿中的氮、磷等元素、重金属等，造成了严重的环境污染，极大的影响了城乡居民的身体健康。因此，充分运用营养调控技术，降低畜牧业环境污染，促进畜牧业可持续发展成了畜牧生产中亟待解决的问题。１畜禽养殖场成为我国新的污染大户国家环保总局在全国２３个省、市进行的调查发现，全国９０％的规模化畜禽养殖场未经过环境评价，６０％的养殖场缺乏必要的污染防治措施。畜禽养殖产生的污染已成为中国农村地区污染的…     

调控饲料营养成分,减少养殖业对环境的污染

近十几年来,我国规模化畜禽养殖业发展迅速,肉、禽、蛋总产量连续多年保持世界第一。这些食品在丰富我们餐桌的同时,其生产系统也带来了不容忽视的污染问题,畜禽养殖已成为环境污染的重要来源之一。未经处理的畜禽污水中含有大量的氮、磷,会造成水体富营养化;而养殖场产生大量含有氨、硫化物、甲烷等有害物质的恶臭气体,严重污染大气环境,危害人体健康。规模化畜禽养殖已成为水污染的主要来源。而饲料是养殖业排泄物污染的源头,在饲料中大量使用某些微量元素、抗生素及其它药物和添加剂,更是增加了污染物的种类,提高了动物排泄物中污染物的…     

通过日粮营养调控降低畜牧业对环境的污染

近年来,在畜牧业的急速发展过程中忽视了对排泄物的处理,因此对环境造成了严重的污染,并成为阻碍畜牧业持续发展的一个重要因素。如何通过日粮的营养调控来降低畜牧业对环境的污染是每一个饲料工作者应该思考的问题。1　畜牧业对环境的污染　　畜牧业对环境的污染主要包括三个方面:土壤的营养累积、水体污染和温室气体以及臭味。畜禽饲料中通常含有较高剂量的微量元素,经过消化吸收后仍有大部分残留在排泄物中,农田长期使用畜禽粪肥会导致金属大量在土壤表面沉积,从而影响植物的生长,并且对人类和动物的健康带来潜在的威胁。畜禽饲料中氮和…     

降低畜禽对环境磷污染的一些措施

近年来,随着畜禽养殖业的快速发展,通过畜禽粪便造成的磷环境污染越来越受到人们的关注.着重从分子生物学、营养调控、饲料加工及粪便处理方面综述了减少磷污染的一些措施.     

试论如何解决农村畜禽养殖业的污染危害

养殖畜禽的过程中,会产生大量的粪尿、污水、废弃物和排泻物,会对水、空气、农作物等适程大量的污染.近几年随着人们消费水平的提高,动物产品需求量的增大养殖业的发展速度不断加快,农村的畜禽养殖量有不同程度的增大.畜禽养殖业的污染已成为农村污染的主要来源,因此,要想畜牧业能够持续发展,既能提高人民群众的经济收入,又要提高人民群众的生指数和幸福指数,解决农村畜禽发展畜禽养殖业和农村环境保护协调双赢的矛盾问题,已成为我们急需解决的时代课题.本文基于此,分析了农村畜禽养殖业污染的重大影响,并提出了相应的解决办法,以供同行参考.     

畜禽养殖场污染及其治理对策的探讨

随着我国近几年畜禽业生产的快速发展,特别是规模化养殖的发展,产生了大量的畜禽排泄物和各种废弃物,畜禽养殖污染已成为当前继工业污染、生活垃圾污染后的第三大污染源。因此.采取适当的措施,减少畜禽养殖造成的污染已迫在眉睫。     

弋阳县畜禽养殖污染综合治理现状及对策

弋阳县畜牧业生产近几年已呈现良好发展态势,专业化、集约化、规模化趋势逐渐显现,但畜禽养殖快速发展的同时也产生了大量的畜禽粪便和污水,给环境保护带来了不利因素.因此,如何防控畜禽养殖污染,做到综合治理、良性循环已刻不容缓,本文结合养殖现状、地域条件和资源优势,就弋阳县畜禽养殖污染治理提出对策建议.     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

广西芒果主要病虫害及其防治

广西是我国主要的芒果生产基地。随着基地建设的发展,芒果病虫害已成为目前栽培管理的主要问题。为此,在调查、研究的基础了介绍了当前芒果生产中常见的病虫害,并提出了防治措施,以期为生产上提供技术参考。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。