姜黄素的生理功能及其在肉鸡生产上的应用研究进展

姜黄素是从姜科植物中提取出来的一种二苯基庚烃物质,具有抗炎、抗氧化、代谢调节等作用,可作为一种无残留的天然添加剂应用到肉鸡养殖中,具有替代抗生素的潜质。文章主要综述了姜黄素的理化特性和生理作用,并从营养调控、疾病防治、损伤修复三个方面阐述姜黄素在肉鸡生产上的应用价值,以期为姜黄素作为一种高效、无残留的饲料添加剂应用于肉鸡生产提供参考。     

姜黄素在肉鸡生产中的应用

文章介绍了姜黄素抗氧化、抗炎、抑菌、降脂及免疫调节等生理活性方面的作用及研究进展,并就姜黄素对肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化能力、机体免疫功能、肉品质等的影响进行了分析.     

姜黄素在肉鸡生产中的研究与应用

姜黄素(CUR)是一种天然化合物,具有抗癌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌、降脂和调节免疫等多种药理作用,可以作为一种新型的饲料添加剂在畜禽饲料中应用。在饲粮中添加适量CUR可以提高肉鸡的生产性能,增强免疫力,改善畜产品品质,减轻黄曲霉毒素B₁(AFB₁)导致的肉鸡肝毒性。文章就CUR的生理功能以及其对肉鸡生产性能、肉品质、免疫功能、抗氧化能力、脂质代谢和AFB₁干预的影响进行阐述,以期为CUR作为新型饲料添加剂在肉鸡生产中的推广及合理应用提供参考。     

姜黄素对肉鸡体内抗氧化酶活性及NO含量的影响

选取90只1日龄健康肉鸡,随机分为2组(A和B组),每组内设3个重复.其中A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;B组为试验组,在基础日粮中添加250 mg/kg姜黄素,以观察姜黄素对肉鸡体内抗氧化酶活性及NO含量的影响.试验分别在21和42日龄心脏采血,屠宰取样,测定肉鸡体内血清、肝和心脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性及丙二醛(MDA)和NO的含量.结果表明:在日粮中添加250 mg/kg姜黄素,肉鸡体内抗氧化酶SOD、CAT和GSH-Px的活性升高,MDA和NO含量下降.说明姜黄素能够提高肉鸡的抗氧化功能,降低体内NO含量.     

姜黄素的生理功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用

姜黄素是一种从姜黄根茎中提取得到的黄色色素,具有抗氧化、抑炎及降血脂等作用。作为一种天然的饲料添加剂,姜黄素在畜牧生产中具有良好的应用前景,有改善畜禽生产性能、提升产品品质、提高免疫力等作用。本文阐述了姜黄素的生理功能及其作用机制,并综述了国内外学者在畜禽生产中应用姜黄素的最新研究成果,以期为姜黄素在畜禽生产中更好地应用提供参考。     

姜黄素的生物学功能及其在养猪生产中的应用

姜黄素(Curcumin,CU)是一种从姜科植物提取的色素,是姜黄中主要的活性成分。研究表明,姜黄素具有抗氧化、免疫调节、改善肠道微生态、消炎抗病毒以及降脂等诸多生物学功能,作为饲料添加剂,在养猪生产中具有良好的应用前景。文章就姜黄素的生物学功能及其在养猪生产中的应用加以综述,简要分析其理化特性和提取工艺,进而阐明其在养猪生产中应用的优越性,旨在为姜黄素更好地应用于养猪生产提供理论依据和参考。     

姜黄素固体分散体对肉鸡血脂和抗氧化能力的影响

试验研究姜黄素固体分散体对肉仔鸡抗氧化作用的影响。试验选用450只健康1日龄商品AA雏鸡随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只,试验期42 d。正常对照组饲喂基础日粮,姜黄素低剂量、高剂量组饲喂基础日粮加80、150 mg/kg姜黄素,姜黄素固体分散体低剂量、高剂量组饲喂基础日粮加80、150 mg/kg姜黄素固体分散体,试验结果表明,日粮中添加姜黄素固体分散体可降低肉鸡血脂水平,提高肉鸡的抗氧化能力。     

黄素的营养代谢、生物学功能及其应用前景

姜黄素是姜黄根茎中的主要有效成分,具有抗氧化、抗炎、降脂等生物学特性。姜黄素作为一种天然的饲料添加剂,在畜禽生产中具有良好的应用前景,但因其代谢过快、生物利用率低、作用机制尚不明确,很大程度上限制了姜黄素的应用。文章主要围绕姜黄素的营养代谢、生理活性,并对姜黄素应用于畜禽生产中的研究成果进行综述,旨在为姜黄素在畜禽生产中更好地应用提供参考依据。     

姜黄素与肠道微生物间相互作用研究进展

姜黄素是近年来研究较为深入的植物源活性成分之一，具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗应激、抗肿瘤、抗病毒和降血糖血脂等多种药理学功能。目前，一系列研究数据表明，姜黄素可通过调节肠道菌群改善肠道屏障功能。此外，姜黄素还可经肠道菌群直接代谢或由宿主-肠道菌群相互作用产生生物活性代谢产物，从而进一步增强姜黄素对动物肠道健康的保护作用。姜黄素与肠道菌群之间的双向调节作用表明姜黄素在维持宿主肠道健康以及预防或治疗多种疾病方面具有巨大的应用潜力。本文综述了姜黄素与肠道菌群之间的相互作用及其在畜禽生产中的应用等最新研究进展，从而为将姜黄素作为一种新型饲料添加剂、以及潜在的“替抗”物质应用于畜禽生产中提供参考，有益于推动畜牧养殖业的健康发展。     

姜黄素防治畜禽代谢性疾病的研究进展

姜黄素是一种源自中药姜黄的多酚类化合物,其具有羟基苯基和二酮结构,具有抗氧化和抗炎等多种药理性作用,能有效抑制氧化应激以及炎症的发生,降低畜禽代谢性疾病的发生率.本文重点总结了姜黄素在抗炎、抗氧化和抗病毒方面的生理功能、姜黄素作用的信号通路以及在代谢性疾病防治中的作用,并阐述了姜黄素在未来畜禽实际生产中可能的应用方式,...     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.     

Micronutrient Content of Certain Tropical Conventional and Unconventional Feed Resources of Southern India

The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Southern Ethiopia

A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian, were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.2%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples, Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%, Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area.     

不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。     

Microsporidial keratopathy in two dogs

A microsporidial keratopathy is described in two dogs. Both dogs presented with a unilateral stromal keratopathy characterized by multifocal coalescing opacities, and the diagnosis was made on histopathologic examination of keratectomy specimens. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded corneal tissue was performed in one dog, and the morphologic features were consistent with Nosema species infection. Both dogs were initially diagnosed and treated by superficial keratectomy. One dog received additional antifungal medication and underwent a penetrating keratoplasty following local recurrence two years later. No other systemic lesions attributable to the microsporidial infection were identified clinically. The clinical and diagnostic pathology findings, treatment, and follow‐up are discussed.