不同剂量纳米氧化铜对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响

选180羽1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡，随机分为6组，每组设3个重复。第1、2、4和6组分别以硫酸铜、氧化铜、纳米氧化铜及纳米铜的形式在基础日粮中添加铜8mg／kg，3组和5组以纳米氧化铜形式在基础日粮中分别添加铜4和16mg／kg，试验期42d，研究不同剂量纳米氧化铜对肉鸡生长性能及器官指数的影响。结果表明，与硫酸铜和氧化铜组相比，在饲料中添加纳米氧化铜显著提高肉鸡平均日增质量（P〈0．05），显著降低料重比（P〈0．05），添加纳米铜显著提高1～14d平均日增质量；添加纳米氧化铜和纳米铜对肉鸡病死率无显著影响。     

纳米氧化铜对小白鼠铜表观消化率的影响

选40只20 g左右的健康昆明种小白鼠,随机分为4组。1组饲喂基础日粮;2组在基础日粮中以硫酸铜的形式添加铜10mg/kg;3组在基础日粮中以氧化铜的形式添加铜10mg/kg;4组在基础日粮中以纳米氧化铜的形式添加铜10mg/kg。采用全收粪法,研究纳米氧化铜对小白鼠铜表观消化率的影响。结果显示,硫酸铜组、氧化铜组、纳米氧化铜组小白鼠铜的表观消化率分别为54.74%、48.30%、71.88%,纳米氧化铜组铜的表观消化率显著高于硫酸铜组（P〈0.05）,极显著高于氧化铜组（P〈0.01）。试验表明,与添加硫酸铜和氧化铜相比,日粮中添加纳米氧化铜能提高小白鼠铜的表观消化率。     

纳米氧化铜对小白鼠铜表观消化率的影响

选40只20 g左右的健康昆明种小白鼠,随机分为4组.1组饲喂基础日粮;2组在基础日粮中以硫酸铜的形式添加铜10mg/kg;3组在基础日粮中以氧化铜的形式添加铜10mg/kg;4组在基础日粮中以纳米氧化铜的形式添加铜10mg/kg.采用全收粪法,研究纳米氧化铜对小白鼠铜表观消化率的影响.结果显示,硫酸铜组、氧化铜组、纳米氧化铜组小白鼠铜的表观消化率分别为54.74%、48.30%、71.88%,纳米氧化铜组铜的表观消化率显著高于硫酸铜组(P<0.05),极显著高于氧化铜组(P<0.01).试验表明,与添加硫酸铜和氧化铜相比,日粮中添加纳米氧化铜能提高小白鼠铜的表观消化率.     

纳米氧化铜对雏鸡全血和肝脏铜含量及肝脏铜蓝蛋白mRNA表达的影响

选取1日龄SPF白莱航蛋用公雏63只,随机分为7组,1组受试鸡饲喂基础日粮;2～4组受试鸡分别饲喂以硫酸铜、氧化铜和纳米氧化铜的形式添加铜8mg/kg的饲料;5～7组受试鸡分别饲喂以硫酸铜、氧化铜和纳米氧化铜的形式添加铜175mg/kg的饲料。结果显示,日粮中添加铜8mg/kg或175mg/kg时,纳米氧化铜组受试鸡全血、肝脏铜含量显著高于氧化铜组、硫酸铜组和对照组(P<0.05);纳米氧化铜组受试鸡肝脏血浆铜蓝蛋白(CP)mRNA表达量显著高于硫酸铜组和氧化铜组(P<0.05)。试验至30d,日粮添加铜8mg/kg或175mg/kg时,纳米氧化铜组受试鸡血浆CP活性显著高于硫酸铜组和氧化铜组(P<0.05)。表明纳米氧化铜通过提高脏器组织铜沉积、上调铜酶或铜蛋白的基因表达来提高铜酶活性,从而发挥其生物学作用。     

不同铜源对鸡嗉囊ATP7A和ATP7B基因和蛋白表达的影响

为研究不同水平的硫酸铜、微米氧化铜和纳米氧化铜对鸡嗉囊铜转运蛋白基因ATP7A和ATP7B mRNA相对表达量及蛋白表达量的影响,将105只1日龄的SPF蛋鸡随机分为7组,每组15只。第1组为对照组,饲喂低铜半纯化日粮;第2组~第4组,在基础日粮中分别以硫酸铜、微米氧化铜和纳米氧化铜的形式添加铜8 mg/kg;第5组~第7组,在基础日粮中分别以硫酸铜、微米氧化铜和纳米氧化铜的形式添加铜160 mg/kg,试验期30 d。结果表明,日粮中添加硫酸铜和纳米氧化铜显著提高雏鸡嗉囊铜含量(P0.05),微米氧化铜没有明显变化。与硫酸铜和微米氧化铜相比,纳米氧化铜显著提高雏鸡嗉囊ATP7A和ATP7B mRNA和蛋白表达量(P0.05)。由此可见,嗉囊ATP7A和ATP7B对纳米氧化铜的转运发挥重要作用。     

纳米氧化铜对小鼠全血及组织中铜和锌沉积的影响

选取240只体质量约22g健康的昆明种小白鼠,随机分为6组,每组设4个重复.1组饲喂基础日粮,2组在基础日粮中以硫酸铜的形式添加铜10mg/kg,3组在基础日粮中以氧化铜的形式添加铜10mg/kg,4～6组在基础日粮中以纳米氧化铜的形式分别添加铜5、10和20mg/kg.研究不同剂量纳米氧化铜对小白鼠全血和组织中铜及锌含量的影响.试验期30 d.结果表明,试验至15 d,添加纳米氧化铜显著提高小白鼠全血铜含量,显著降低小白鼠肝脏及胫骨锌含量;试验至30 d,添加纳米氧化铜显著提高小白鼠胫骨铜含量.     

纳米铜对肉鸡生长指标、免疫和抗氧化性能的影响

文章以1日龄肉鸡为研究对象,评估日粮添加不同水平纳米铜替代硫酸铜对肉鸡生长性能、免疫和抗氧化性能的影响。试验将平均体重一致的1104只1日龄肉鸡随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复46只。对照组肉鸡在1～28 d时饲喂基础试验日粮（以硫酸铜的形式补充5 mg/kg铜）,T1和T2组肉鸡在1～28 d时分别饲喂基础日粮+2和4 mg/kg铜（纳米铜形式）。试验结果：与对照组相比,2 mg/kg纳米铜组28 d肉鸡体重显著提高1.64%（P＜0.05）,但15～28 d和1～28 d料重比分别显著降低3.93%和3.18%（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,2和4 mg/kg纳米铜组血液血红蛋白和红细胞占比显著提高（P＜0.05）,但随着日粮纳米铜从0添加到4 mg/kg,红细胞沉积显著降低（P＜0.05）。2和4 mg/kg纳米铜组肉鸡血液IgA浓度较对照组分别显著提高7.14%和5.37%（P＜0.05）,同时IL-6浓度分别显著提高7.34%和5.87%（P＜0.05）。2 mg/kg纳米铜组肉鸡血液IgM浓度较对照组显著提高15.24%（P＜0.05）。2和4 mg/kg纳米铜组血清总抗氧化力活性显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,但丙二醛浓度显著降低（P＜0.05）。随着日粮纳米铜添加水平的升高,铜蓝蛋白浓度显著升高（P＜0.05）。试验结论：日粮用低剂量纳米铜替代硫酸铜对肉鸡生长性能无负面影响,同时可以改善红细胞和IgA浓度,提高血清抗氧化指标。 [关键词]纳米铜|肉鸡|生长性能|免疫|抗氧化     

纳米氧化铜对小白鼠血浆抗氧化机能的影响

选144只20g左右的健康昆明种小白鼠,随机分为6组,每组设4个重复。1组饲喂基础日粮;2组在基础日粮中以硫酸铜的形式添加铜10mg/kg;3组在基础日粮中以氧化铜的形式添加铜10mg/kg;4～6组在基础日粮中以纳米氧化铜的形式分别添加铜5、10、20mg/kg。研究不同剂量纳米氧化铜对小白鼠血浆抗氧化能力的影响,试验期30d。结果表明,添加纳米氧化铜显著提高小白鼠血浆铜蓝蛋白活力(P<0.05),显著提高小白鼠血浆细胞色素C氧化酶活性(P<0.05),显著降低30d小白鼠血浆丙二醛含量(P<0.05)。     

纳米氧化铜时对小白鼠灌胃接种大肠杆菌致病性的影响

为了研究纳米氧化铜对小白鼠灌胃接种大肠杆菌致病性的影响,试验选择140只体重20 g左右的昆明种小白鼠随机分为7组:1组为正常对照组,饲喂基础日粮;2组为感染对照组,饲喂基础日粮;3组为硫酸铜组,在基础日粮中以硫酸铜的形式添加铜180 mg/kg;4,5,6,7组为纳米氧化铜组,分别在基础日粮中以纳米氧化铜的形式添加铜10,60,120,180 mg/kg.结果表明:3组发病率明显低于2组;3组小白鼠肠道大肠杆菌数量显著少于2组(P<0.05),3,7组显著少于1组(P<0.05).说明日粮中添加高剂量纳米氧化铜能降低大肠杆菌致病性,但效果不如添加相同水平的硫酸铜.     

纳米氧化铜时小白鼠灌胃接种大肠杆菌致病性的影响

为了研究纳米氧化铜对小白鼠灌胃接种大肠杆菌致病性的影响,试验选择140只体重20 g左右的昆明种小白鼠随机分为7组:1组为正常对照组,饲喂基础日粮;2组为感染对照组,饲喂基础日粮;3组为硫酸铜组,在基础日粮中以硫酸铜的形式添加铜180 mg/kg;4,5,6,7组为纳米氧化铜组,分别在基础日粮中以纳米氧化铜的形式添加铜10,60,120,180 mg/kg.结果表明:3组发病率明显低于2组;3组小白鼠肠道大肠杆菌数量显著少于2组(P＜0.05),3,7组显著少于1组(P＜0.05).说明日粮中添加高剂量纳米氧化铜能降低大肠杆菌致病性.但效果不如添加相同水平的硫酸铜.     

纳米氧化铜对鸡肝细胞CP mRNA表达及培养基质中肝酶活性的影响

将培养48h的鸡原代肝细胞随机分为13组,每组3个重复。第1组为对照组,第2～5、6～9和10～13组分别以硫酸铜、氧化铜和纳米氧化铜的形式添加铜2、4、8、16mg/L,继续培养24h后检测上清中AKP、AST、ALT、γ-GT和LDH活性,用实时荧光定量PCR法检测肝细胞CP mRNA表达量。结果显示,以硫酸铜形式添加铜2～16mg/L、以氧化铜形式添加铜8～16mg/L和以纳米氧化铜形式添加铜16mg/L,培养基质中γ-GT活性均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）;添加铜2mg/L时,硫酸铜组γ-GT活性显著高于纳米氧化铜组（P〈0.05）,添加铜8mg/L时,氧化铜组γ-GT活性显著高于纳米氧化铜组（P〈0.05）。添加铜2mg/L时,硫酸铜和氧化铜组AST和LDH活性显著高于对照组和纳米氧化铜组（P〈0.05）。添加铜2mg/L时,氧化铜组ALT活性显著高于纳米氧化铜组（P〈0.05）。添加铜8mg/L时,硫酸铜和氧化铜组AKP活性显著高于对照组和纳米氧化铜组（P〈0.05）。添加铜2～8mg/L时,肝细胞CP mRNA表达量显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）;添加铜2mg/L时,纳米氧化铜组肝细胞CP mR-NA表达量显著高于氧化铜组（P〈0.05）,氧化铜组显著高于硫酸铜组（P〈0.05）;肝细胞CP mRNA表达量随铜添加量的增加而降低。结果表明,基质中铜达到2mg/L时,纳米氧化铜比硫酸铜、氧化铜更有利于肝细胞生长,纳米氧化铜对体外培养肝细胞的损害作用低于硫酸铜和氧化铜。     

Growth response, blood characteristics and copper accumulation in organs of broilers fed on diets supplemented with organic and inorganic dietary copper sources

1. A 56-d experiment was conducted to study the comparative influence of organic and inorganic dietary copper (Cu) sources on growth, blood characteristics and copper accumulation in organs of broilers. 2. A total of 480 Arbor-Acre unsexed broilers were fed on diets containing copper sulphate (CuSO(4)) or copper proteinate (Cu Pro) at concentrations of 50, 100 or 150 mg/kg of Cu supplementation. The birds were given a broiler starter diet from 1-28 d and a broiler finisher diet from 29-56 d which contained 30·8 mg/kg and 41·1 mg/kg basal copper concentration respectively. Growth performance, blood characteristics and Cu accumulation in organs of the broilers were measured. 3. At 28 d, Cu Pro-fed birds had improved feed conversion ratio compared with CuSO(4). At 56 d, birds fed on Cu Pro diets had significantly greater body weight than CuSO(4)-fed birds. Birds fed on CuSO(4) supplemented diets had significantly better feed conversion efficiency. Feed consumptions for the two Cu sources were not significantly different. At no stage did the concentration of added Cu affect the productive traits measured. 4. Cu Pro supplementation increased haemoglobin concentration but reduced plasma triglyceride and plasma cholesterol. Plasma cholesterol decreased as Cu concentration increased. 5. There was a greater accumulation of Cu in the blood, heart, lung, liver and bone of broilers fed on Cu Pro than in those receiving CuSO(4). The liver Cu concentration increased as dietary Cu concentration increased. 6. Cu Pro was more effective in promoting growth and reducing blood cholesterol, and was more bio-available in the organs of broilers.     

Effects of supplementing combinations of inorganic and complexed copper on performance and liver mineral status of beef heifers consuming antagonists.

Performance, immune response, and liver trace mineral status were measured in growing heifers supplemented with different copper (Cu) concentrations and sources when diets contained the Cu antagonists Mo, S, and Fe. Sixty Angus x Hereford heifers were managed in two groups for 112 d and were either individually fed diets and mineral treatments using individual feeding stalls (Stall) or pen-fed grass hay and individually supplemented mineral treatments (Pen). The basal diet of grass hay, rolled barley, and soybean meal was analyzed to contain 6 mg Cu/kg DM. The treatments consisted of 1) no supplemental Cu (Control); 2) 49 mg Cu/kg DM from Cu sulfate (i.e. approximately five times NRC recommendation for Cu from CuSO4) (5X-SO4); 3). 22 mg Cu/kg DM from CuSO4 (2X-SO4); 4). 22 mg Cu/kg DM from a combination of 50% CuSO4 and 50% Cu-amino acid complex (50-50); and 5). 22 mg Cu/kg DM from a combination of 25% CuSO4, 50% Cu-amino acid complex, and 25% Cu oxide (CuG) (25-50-25). All heifers were supplemented with the Cu antagonists Mo (10 mg/kg DM), S (2,900 mg/kg DM), and Fe (500 mg/kg DM). These diets resulted in dietary Cu:Mo ratios that averaged 0.5:1 for Control, 4.5:1 for the 5X-SO4, and 2.4:1 for 2X-SO4, 50-50, and 25-50-25. Rate and efficiencies of gain and cell-mediated immune function were not different (P > 0.10) among treatments. Data suggest supplements containing combinations of inorganic and complexed Cu interacted differently in the presence of Mo, S, and Fe. Heifers consuming the 25-50-25 supplement in the Stall group initially lost hepatic Cu rapidly but this loss slowed from d 50 to d 100 compared to the Control (P = 0.07), 50-50 (P < 0.05), and 2X-SO4 (P < 0.05) heifers and was similar (P > 0.10) to that in the 5X-SO4 heifers. In the Pen group, total hepatic Cu loss tended to be greater for 25-50-25 and 2X-SO4 compared to 5X-SO4 heifers (P = 0.09 and P = 0.06, respectively); Cu loss in the 50-50 heifers was similar (P > 0.10) to that in the 5X-SO4 heifers. This suggests that supplementing combinations of inorganic and amino acid-complexed Cu was as effective in limiting hepatic Cu loss during antagonism as was increasing dietary Cu levels to five times the NRC recommendation. A combination of 25% CuSO4 , 50% Cu-amino acid complex, and 25% CuO limited liver accumulation of Mo compared to supplements without CuO and could provide a strategic supplementation tool in limiting the systemic effects of Cu antagonism in beef cattle.     

肉用仔鸡日粮中添加蛋氨酸铜、锌和锰对粪便微量元素排放的研究

为了比较肉用仔鸡日粮中添加不同有机微量元素后粪便中铜、锰、锌、排放的影响,试验选择1日龄AA肉仔鸡,分为7个处理,对照组添加无机硫酸盐（锌50mg/kg;铜10mg/kg;锰50 mg/kg）,试验组分别用Mintrex-Cu替代5 mg/kg或全部替代硫酸铜;以Min-trex-Zn代替20 mg/kg硫酸锌,以Mintrex-Mn代替20 mg/kg硫酸锰,或在对照组基础上添加20mg/kg的Mintrex-Mn或Mintrex-Zn。42日龄时,采用全收粪法收集粪样72h,用原子吸收分光光度计测定粪样中铜、锰、锌的含量。结果表明：Mintrex-Cu代替50%或100%硫酸铜,对粪便中铜、锌和锰的排泄量没有显著影响（P〉0.05）,Mintrex-Zn/Mn替代40%无机锌、锰对锌、锰排泄量没有显著影响（P〉0.05）。在基础日粮中额外添加20mg/kgMintrex-Zn/Mn显著提高了粪便中锌、锰的排泄量（P〈0.05）,但添加20mg/kgMintrex-Mn降低铜排泄量20%以上（P〈0.05）。研究说明,在基础日粮微量元素水平低于需要量的情况下,采用有机微量元素替代无机微量元素对粪便中微量元素排泄量的影响很小,额外添加有机微量元素则提高粪便微量元素的排泄。     

Bioavailability of copper from copper glycinate in steers fed high dietary sulfur and molybdenum

Sixty Angus (n = 29) and Angus-Sim-mental cross (n = 31) steers, averaging 9 mo of age and 277 kg of initial BW, were used in a 148-d study to determine the bioavailability of copper glycinate (CuGly) relative to feed-grade copper sulfate (CuSO(4)) when supplemented to diets high in S and Mo. Steers were blocked by weight within breed and randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatments: 1) control (no supplemental Cu), 2) 5 mg of Cu/kg of DM from CuSO(4), 3) 10 mg of Cu/kg of DM from CuSO(4), 4) 5 mg of Cu/kg of DM from CuGly, and 5) 10 mg of Cu/kg of DM from CuGly. Steers were individually fed a corn silage-based diet (analyzed 8.2 mg of Cu/kg of DM), and supplemented with 2 mg of Mo/kg of diet DM and 0.15% S for 120 d (phase 1). Steers were then supplemented with 6 mg of Mo/kg of diet DM and 0.15% S for an additional 28 d (phase 2). Average daily gain and G:F were improved by Cu supplementation regardless of source (P = 0.01). Final ceruloplasmin, plasma Cu, and liver Cu values were greater (P < 0.05) in steers fed supplemental Cu compared with controls. Plasma Cu, liver Cu, and ceruloplasmin values were greater (P < 0.05) in steers supplemented with 10 mg of Cu/kg of DM vs. those supplemented with 5 mg of Cu/kg of DM. Based on multiple linear regression of final plasma Cu, liver Cu, and ceruloplasmin values on dietary Cu intake in phase 1 (2 mg of Mo/kg of DM), bioavailability of Cu from CuGly relative to CuSO(4) (100%) was 140 (P = 0.10), 131 (P = 0.12), and 140% (P = 0.01), respectively. Relative bio-availability of Cu from CuGly was greater than from CuSO(4) (P = 0.01; 144, 150, and 157%, based on plasma Cu, liver Cu, and ceruloplasmin, respectively) after supplementation of 6 mg of Mo/kg of DM for 28 d. Results of this study suggest that Cu from CuGly may be more available than CuSO(4) when supplemented to diets high in S and Mo.     

Effects of dietary copper concentration and source on performance and copper status of growing and finishing steers

Performance and Cu status were measured in growing and finishing steers supplemented with different copper (Cu) concentrations and sources. Sixty Angus (n = 36) and Angus x Hereford (n = 24) steers were stratified by weight and initial liver Cu concentration within a breed and randomly assigned to treatments. Treatments consisted of 1) control (no supplemental Cu); 2) 20 mg Cu/kg DM from Cu sulfate (CuSO4); 3) 40 mg Cu/kg DM from CuSO4; 4) 20 mg Cu/ kg DM from Cu citrate (C6H4Cu2O7); 5) 20 mg Cu/kg DM from Cu proteinate; and 6) 20 mg Cu/kg DM from tribasic Cu chloride (Cu2(OH)3Cl). A corn silage-soybean meal-based diet that was analyzed to contain 10.2 mg of Cu/kg DM was fed for 56 d. Steers were then switched to a high-concentrate diet that was analyzed to contain 4.9 mg of Cu/kg DM. Equal numbers of steers per treatment were slaughtered after receiving the finishing diets for either 101 or 121 d. Performance was not affected by Cu level or source during the growing phase. Gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency were reduced (P < .05) by Cu supplementation during the finishing phase. Plasma and liver Cu concentrations were higher in steers receiving supplemental Cu at the end of both the growing and finishing phases. Steers supplemented with 40 mg Cu/kg DM from CuSO4 had higher (P < .05) liver Cu concentrations than those supplemented with 20 mg Cu/kg DM from CuSO4. Liver Cu concentrations did not increase over the finishing phase relative to liver Cu concentrations at the end of the growing phase. These results indicate that as little as 20 mg/kg of supplemental Cu can reduce performance in finishing steers.     

肉鸡对三碱基氯化铜、铜氨基酸螯合物、铜蛋白盐生物利用率研究

采用玉米—豆粕型饲粮研究肉公雏对三碱基氯化铜(TBCC)、铜氨基酸螯合物(CuAA)、铜蛋白盐(CuPro)或硫酸铜(CuSO4)的生物利用率。在基础饲粮(Cu14mg/kg,DM基础 ,实测值)上 ,TBCC、CuAA、CuPro、CuSO4 的铜添加水平依次为150mg/kg、300mg/kg、450mg/kg,试验3周。结果表明 ,铜源和铜水平对试鸡体重和饲料转化率的影响不显著。以CuSO4 为参比标准 ,铜添加水平或日粮铜摄入量为自变量 ,经对数转换后肝铜积累为因变量建立多元线性回归模型 ,按斜率法综合求测铜源生物利用率为 :CuSO4 100 % ;TBCC112.4 % ;CuAA127.7 %(P<0.01) ;CuPro99.3 %。结果表明TBCC或CuPro生物利用率与CuSO4同效 ,但CuAA生物利用率比CuSO4 高。该试验提供了评定肉鸡有机铜源生物利用率的实用方法。