不同油脂对瘤胃原虫、细菌蛋白质及DNA影响的研究

试验旨在研究饱和程度不同的油脂对瘤胃原虫、细菌蛋白质及DNA的影响。试验以3头瘘管山羊提供瘤胃液,设置对照组、花生油、菜油、玉米油和豆油等进行体外培养0、4、8、16、24 h取样,TCA法测定原虫与细菌的蛋白质,二苯胺显色法测定其DNA。结果表明:除细菌蛋白外,细菌DNA、原虫蛋白和DNA、微生物蛋白和DNA、原虫/细菌区系等指标的均值在组间差异都不显著(P>0.05),但各项指标随培养时间延长在取样时点间都有显著或极显著的纵向差异(P<0.05、P<0.01)。各组微生物蛋白或DNA在数值上的高低顺序基本一致,皆为豆油>玉米油>花生油>对照组>菜籽油;而原虫/细菌则以对照组最高,菜籽油组次之,玉米油、豆油组较低。相关分析表明,细菌蛋白与DNA间、微生物蛋白与DNA间皆相关显著(2-tail<0.05)。     

不同油脂对瘤胃微生物发醇及蛋白合成的影响

试验主要研究不同油脂对体外培养瘤胃微生物发酵及其蛋白合成的影响。试验以3头瘘管山羊为试验动物,分不加油脂的对照组和分别添加4%菜籽油(A)、豆油(B)、玉米油(C)、花生油(D)的试验组等5组进行体外培养。结果表明:培养液pH值组间差异不显著,但各组的动态变化模式有所不同。NH3-N浓度组间差异显著,以A组最低并显著低于对照组,其他各组都显著或极显著高于对照组,其动态变化模式也有所差异。细菌蛋白以B组最高,显著高于对照组,C、D组也有高于对照组的趋势;原虫蛋白组间无明显差异,但4个试验组都低于对照组;而总的微生物蛋白以B组最高,明显高于对照组。原虫与细菌区系的比值在组间差异显著,以对照组最高,显著高于4个试验组。A组纤维素降解率最低并显著低于对照组,而其他各组间差异都不显著(P>0.05)。总之,4%的各油脂对微生物发酵影响不大,除豆油外,均可在不同程度上提高细菌蛋白量。     

不同油脂对瘤胃微生物发酵及蛋白合成的影响

试验主要研究不同油脂对体外培养瘤胃微生物发酵及其蛋白合成的影响。试验以3头瘘管山羊为试验动物,分不加油脂的对照组和分别添加4%菜籽油(A)、豆油(B)、玉米油(C)、花生油(D)的试验组等5组进行体外培养。结果表明:培养液pH值组间差异不显著,但各组的动态变化模式有所不同。NH3-N浓度组间差异显著,以A组最低并显著低于对照组,其他各组都显著或极显著高于对照组,其动态变化模式也有所差异。细菌蛋白以B组最高,显著高于对照组,C、D组也有高于对照组的趋势;原虫蛋白组间无明显差异,但4个试验组都低于对照组;而总的微生物蛋白以B组最高,明显高于对照组。原虫与细菌区系的比值在组间差异显著,以对照组最高,显著高于4个试验组。A组纤维素降解率最低并显著低于对照组,而其他各组间差异都不显著(P0.05)。总之,4%的各油脂对微生物发酵影响不大,除豆油外,均可在不同程度上提高细菌蛋白量。     

不同植物油脂对体外培养条件下培养液酶活及微生物活力的影响

本文旨在研究不同饱和程度的植物油脂对体外培养条件下培养液酶活及微生物活力的影响.试验以3头装有瘤胃瘘管的山羊提供瘤胃液,采用单因子试验设计,对照组不加油脂,试验组分别添加花生油、菜籽油、玉米油和豆油进行体外培养.结果表明:乳酸脱氢酶、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶3种酶的活性都以菜籽油组最高,豆油组、玉米油组、花生油组依次降低...     

4种油脂对瘤胃微生物体外产气及辅酶F420的影响

本文主要研究不同饱和程度油脂对瘤胃微生物体外产气及辅酶F420动态变化的影响.试验选用3头装有瘤胃瘘管的徐淮白山羊提供瘤胃液,分对照组、花生油组(A)、菜籽油组(B)、玉米油组(C)和豆油组(D)5个组进行体外培养,每组3个重复,每个重复1个培养瓶.结果表明:1)36 h总产气量在20.61 ～ 39.67 mL间变化...     

4种油脂对瘤胃原虫群体和纤维降解菌的影响

试验旨在研究不同油脂对体外培养瘤胃原虫群体结构、纤维降解菌及纤维素降解性能的影响。以3头瘤胃瘘管山羊为瘤胃液供体,分对照、菜籽油(A)、豆油(B)、玉米油(C)、花生油(D)5组体外培养。结果表明:各组间原虫密度差异显著(P<0.05),A到D组有依次上升的趋势;内毛虫、等毛虫、双毛虫、前毛虫等类群原虫组间变化显著(P<0.05)。4种油脂对产琥珀酸拟杆菌、白色瘤胃球菌、生黄瘤胃球菌的影响不大,B组溶纤丁弧菌显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。A组的4种纤维降解菌基本都显著低于对照组与其他试验组(P<0.05)。总之,添加4%的油脂除菜籽油外对纤维降解性能没有明显的负面影响,均对微生物的群体结构有不同程度的影响。     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠对黄牛体外瘤胃发酵特性的影响

为了探索十二烷基苯磺酸钠(sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate,SDBS)对黄牛瘤胃发酵特性的影响,采用体外培养法,以发酵木薯渣粉和玉米粉各200mg为瘤胃发酵底物,SDBS按培养液底物浓度共设四个浓度:0(对照组)、0.2%、0.4%、0.8%,每个浓度设三个重复,分别培养3、6、9和12h,在每次培养结束时,记录产气量,取出培养液,测定培养液的原虫数量、pH、氨态氮和微生物蛋白含量。结果表明:(1)添加SDBS 0、0.20%、0.40%和0.80%,瘤胃培养液的原虫数量、pH、氨态氮含量均随着SDBS浓度的递增显著降低(P0.05),其中添加SDBS 0.20%和0.40%组,能够缩短培养液pH稳定的时间,并且使pH稳定在适宜微生物生长的范围内;(2)与对照组比较,添加SDBS 0.2%、0.40%均能显著提高瘤胃培养液的产气量和微生物蛋白含量(P0.05),其中添加0.40%组的产气量和微生物蛋白含量均显著高于添加0.2%组的产气量和微生物蛋白含量(P0.05)。综上可见,添加适量的SDBS能够显著降低黄牛体外瘤胃发酵的原虫数量、pH、氨态氮含量,显著提高其产气量和微生物蛋白含量。提高黄牛体外瘤胃发酵性能的SDBS的最适添加量为0.4%。     

不同油脂对瘤胃解脂厌氧弧菌的影响

试验主要研究体外培养条件下不同植物油脂对瘤胃解脂厌氧弧菌的影响。以3头瘤胃瘘管山羊为瘤胃液供体,分对照、菜籽油(A)、豆油(B)、玉米油(C)、花生油(D)5组进行体外培养,采用半巢式PCR技术对该菌进行特异性检测。结果表明:油脂组解脂厌氧弧菌都高于对照组,其中B、D组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),相对对照组分别增加了10.83%、12.15%;A、C组增加幅度相对较低分别为8.96%、8.89%,与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。各组甘油酯累计消失率组间有显著差异,其中24 h时B、D组极显著高于A组(P<0.01)。除菜籽油组外,油脂组酯解酶都显著高于对照组(P<0.05、P<0.01),并以豆油组最高。总之,除菜籽油组外,体系中添加4%的油脂有提高解脂厌氧弧菌群体量与酯解酶活性的趋势,但油脂的饱和程度对其影响没有明显规律。     

不同亚油酸来源的日粮以绵羊瘤胃发酵和营养物质表观消化率的影响

研究探讨日粮添加花生油、玉米油和大豆油对绵羊瘤胃发酵和营养物质表观消化率的影响.选取4只雄性、健康且安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年东北半细毛羊×陶赛特杂交绵羊,体重(40±1)kg,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,预饲期10 d,正试期6 d,4个处理组分别为不添加油脂组(CK组)、添加4%花生油(PO组)、2.84%玉米油(CO组)和2.86%大豆油(SO组)的加油组,日粮精粗比均为40:60,经测得3个加油组亚油酸水平一致.结果表明:添加植物油后,对绵羊瘤胃液pH值、NH3-N浓度、VFA没有影响(P>0.05),花生油处理组原虫数量比对照组降低了42.18%(P<0.05),玉米油和大豆油处理组原虫数量分别比对照纽降低28.07%、29.81%(P>0.05);对DM、CP和NDF的瘤胃动态降解率没有影响(P>0.05);对日粮DM、CP、NDF和ADF的全消化道表观消化率没有影响,显著提高了EE的全消化道表观消化率(P<0.05).日粮添加植物油对瘤胃发酵没有负面影响,并显著提高了EE的全消化道表观消化率.     

不同剂量的钼对绵羊瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响

为了研究不同剂量的钼对绵羊瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响,试验采用体外批次培养法,选择健康状态良好并安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的3只22月龄绵羊定期采集瘤胃液,按钼的剂量共设4组,分别为0(对照)、0.5(试验1)、1.0(试验2)、1.5 g/kg(试验3)组,连续培养24 h,每隔3 h测定瘤胃微生物培养液中的氨氮浓度、微生物蛋白浓度、纤维降解酶活性。结果表明:瘤胃微生物培养液中的氨氮浓度先升高再下降再升高,以试验3组最高,显著高于对照组和试验1,2组(P0.05)。试验3组瘤胃微生物培养液中的微生物蛋白浓度最高,显著高于对照组和试验1,2组(P0.05);试验3组瘤胃微生物培养液中的纤维素酶活性最高。说明添加1.5 g/kg钼可以促进瘤胃微生物发酵。     

Comparative potential therapeutic effect of sesame oil and peanut oil against acute monocrotaline (Crotalaria) poisoning in a rat model

Background

Many Crotalaria plant species contain hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (such as monocrotaline) that can cause acute and chronic poisoning in cattle and other animals.

Hypothesis

Peanut oil, atropine sulfate, and antidiarrheal agents are used to treat acute monocrotaline poisoning. The effect of sesame on acute monocrotaline poisoning has never been investigated.

Animals

Fifty male Sprague‐Dawley rats were used for toxicity studies.

Methods

Experiment 1: Group I, control. Groups II–IV were given monocrotaline (205.2 mg/kg) and euthanized 6, 12, and 24 hours later. Experiment 2: Group I, control. Group II monocrotaline alone (205.2 mg/kg). Groups III–VI were given monocrotaline (205.2 mg/kg) and 1 hour later, Groups III and IV were given sesame oil (1 and 2 mL/kg) and Groups V and VI were given peanut oil (1 and 2 mL/kg).

Results

Monocrotaline significantly decreased (P < .05) serum amylase activity, but, over time, increased (P < .05) pancreatic and lung injury. AST and ALT activity and liver injury peaked at 24 hours. Sesame oil and peanut oil (P < .05) inhibited the changes in all tested parameters in acute monocrotaline poisoning. Although peanut oil inhibited acute monocrotaline poisoning, it induced steatosis, but sesame oil did not.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

We hypothesize that early pancreatic and lung injury and late liver injury contribute to acute monocrotaline poisoning and that sesame oil is more efficacious than peanut oil against acute monocrotaline poisoning in rats. However, additional studies are needed to confirm that these oils have the same effects in cattle and other animals.     

中药复合剂AFF-Ⅰ口服液对小鼠急性肝损伤血液生化指标的影响

为了研究中药复合剂AFF-Ⅰ口服液对四氯化碳(CCl4)导致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护效果,将60只昆明种小鼠随机分为正常对照、造模、阳性药物对照(联苯双酯)、中药复合剂AFF-Ⅰ口服液高、中、低剂量6组。正常对照组、造模组分别灌服等量的生理盐水,阳性药物对照组按150mg/kg灌胃联苯双酯溶液,中药复合剂AFF-Ⅰ口服液高、中、低剂量组分别按45、30、15mL/kg灌胃,2次/d,连续给药7d。末次给药后1h,正常对照组腹腔注射花生油20mL/kg,其余组腹腔注射10mL/L CCl4花生油溶液20mL/kg,16h后测定血清中天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)含量和肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明,中药复合剂AFF-Ⅰ口服液低、中、高剂量组能显著降低CCl4导致小鼠急性肝损伤血清中AST、ALT含量(P<0.01),显著降低CCl4所致急性肝损伤小鼠肝组织MDA含量,提高肝组织SOD活力(P<0.01)。研究表明,中药复合剂AFF-Ⅰ口服液对小鼠的急性肝损伤具有保护作用。     

外源多糖降解酶对纯底物发酵动力学及消失率影响

采用活体外产气量法测定外源添加的纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖酶对绵羊瘤胃发酵动力学及消失率的影响。以木聚糖和微晶纤维素为底物,选用木聚糖?微晶纤维素和木聚糖与微晶纤维素的等量混合物0.2g,酶添加水平分别为:纤维素酶为0,5000,10000和15000U/mL;木聚糖酶为0,360,3600和36000U/mL;β-葡聚糖酶为0,320,3200,和32000U/mL,每个组设3个重复,来测定3种酶对瘤胃降解微晶纤维素和木聚糖及二者混合物的产气速率、延滞期和最大产气量的影响。试验结果显示,利用体外产气量法测定外源多糖降解酶对以纯微晶纤维素和木聚糖为底物96h的消失率影响不显著(P>0.05),对底物的发酵动力学的影响,不同处理、不同酶及底物之间也不相同,木聚糖酶试验中,2种底物在消失率方面有相互促进作用。     

Energy balance in grazing Jersey cows in early lactation supplemented with peanut and sunflower oils

In this study, we evaluated the effects of supplementation with peanut and sunflower oils on intake and digestibility, milk yield and composition, energy balance (EB), changes in weight and body condition score (BW and BCS), and blood metabolites of Jersey cows on pasture in early lactation. Twenty-four cows were distributed in a randomized block design where they received the following treatments: concentrate without oil (CON), concentrate plus 59.6 g/kg DM peanut oil (PEA), concentrate plus 59.6 g/kg DM sunflower oil (SUN), and concentrate plus 59.6 g/kg DM of a 1:1 mixture of peanut oil and sunflower oil (MIX). The data were analyzed at 30 and 60 days in milk (DIM). Oil supplementation did not affect total dry matter intake or forage intake. The treatment SUN reduced daily milk yield, 4% fat-corrected milk yield, and milk fat, while the other treatments generated similar results. The treatment SUN reduced the milk net energy and the use efficiency of the NE_L for milk production and BW and BCS changes, and improved EB up to 60 DIM. On tropical pastures, supplementation with unsaturated oils for cows in early lactation does not result in better milk performance. The supplementation with sunflower oil improves the energy balance in early lactation.     

Effects of oils on feed mildew and quality

This study was performed to determine the effects of oils on feed mildew and feed quality. Under different moisture content conditions (10%, 13% and 16%), the basal feeds were supplemented with 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12% soybean oil. In addition, at different moisture content levels (10%, 13% and 16%), the basal feed was supplemented with 12% of various types of oil (soybean, peanut, corn and fish). Subsequently, a mixed mold spore suspension was added. The feed samples were incubated at 28°C, and the total mold, water activity (Aw), moisture, acid value, crude protein (CP), crude lipid (CL), crude ash (CA) and nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) levels were determined at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. The results showed no significant variations in the feed moisture, CP, CL, CA and NEF contents. However, the acid value gradually increased in the feed samples with an extended incubation time and increasing initial moisture. The feed moisture content was a critical factor controlling feed mildew, and high levels of oil supplementation caused an elevated Aw. Additionally, peanut oil promoted mold growth in feed. These results provide a reference for the production and scientific management of formulated feed.     

Comparison of tissue reactions produced by Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae vaccines made with six different adjuvants in swine.

Tissue damage caused by six different adjuvants incorporated in a Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae vaccine was compared in swine. The adjuvants compared were four mineral oil compounds, one peanut oil compound and aluminum hydroxide. Inoculations were given in the neck, quadriceps and semitendinosus muscles. The mineral oil adjuvants were highly irritant and caused extensive areas of granulomatous inflammation that were present at eight weeks after injection. The aluminum hydroxide produced smaller lesions that also persisted for eight weeks. Only the peanut oil adjuvant did not produce significant lesions at the site of injection. At two and four weeks, but not at eight weeks postinoculation, lesions in the quadriceps and semitendinosus muscles were approximately twice as extensive as those in the muscles of the neck.     

蛋鸡日粮中添加植物油对肝脏和鸡肉中 C-18系列脂肪酸含量的影响

将 60只 5 2周龄蛋鸡分为三组 ,对照组饲喂基础日粮 ,两试验组分别饲喂含 3 %的大豆油和 3 %的花生油日粮 ,研究日粮中添加植物油对肝脏和胸肌中C 18系列脂肪酸的影响 ,结果表明 :日粮中添加 3 %植物油可明显提高生产性能。肝脏中硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸的含量以及胸肌中硬脂酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸的含量明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。试验 1组肝脏和胸肌中亚油酸和亚麻酸的含量与试验 2组差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )。     

Effect of microbial fermentation on functional specific gravity of small forage particles.

Two experiments were designed to determine the effect of gas production during in vitro digestion on functional specific gravity (FSG) of forage particles. In Exp. 1, FSG of ground alfalfa hay decreased from 1.123 to 1.049 between 3 and 9 h of incubation and increased thereafter to reach a plateau at 1.309 after 30 h of incubation. Gas production peaked at 6 h, but gas associated with particles increased until 9 h of incubation. Gas associated with solid residue was correlated to gas production (r = -.67) but also was influenced by gas holding capacity and rate of escape from the particles. In Exp. 2, measurements were performed on ground alfalfa hay, alfalfa silage, and bromegrass hay containing 42.6, 35, and 66.4% NDF, respectively. Gas production seemed to be related to the amount of readily available substrate. Although at 9 h of incubation more gas was produced by alfalfa silage (.235 mL.min-1.g of DM-1) than by bromegrass hay and alfalfa hay (.087 and .187 mL.min-1.g of DM-1, respectively), gas associated with particles was greater for alfalfa hay (.416 mL/g of DM) than for bromegrass hay and alfalfa silage (.256 and .281 mL/g of DM, respectively). The increase in FSG was more rapid for alfalfa silage than for the hays. After 27 h of digestion, gas associated with particles (milliliters per gram of DM) and FSG were .164, 1.226; .147, 1.235; and .001, 1.467 for bromegrass hay, alfalfa hay, and alfalfa silage, respectively. Gas produced during fermentation delayed the increase in specific gravity of forage particles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

不同原花青素含量的6种象草体外消化性能比较

试验通过体外产气法,分析比较桂闽引象草、桂牧1号杂交象草、王草、紫色象草、矮象草、巨菌草这6种象草作为粗饲料时山羊瘤胃的降解能力,评定紫色象草高花青素含量对山羊的饲喂价值。试验测定鲜草原花青素含量,分别将6种象草于65、105℃条件下烘干、粉碎,测定96 h内体外产气量以及产气速率。结果显示,各象草品种65℃烘干比105℃烘干具有更高的产气量和产气速率,前者各象草96 h平均总产气量38.51 mL,后者平均总产气量35.47 mL。两种烘干温度条件下,紫色象草在各品种象草中产气量和产气速率均居于中间水平,24 h内产气速率最高,48 h后产气速率降低到0.12 mL/h以下。原花青素含量紫色象草最高,为26.6 mg/100 g,但原花青素含量对产气量和产气速率均没有显著相关性。紫色象草可较好地被反刍动物消化利用,且富含花青素,有利于动物机体免疫能力的增强,促进动物生长。紫色象草可作为山羊等反刍动物优质的粗饲料资源。     

Effect of antibiotics and vehicles on bovine mammary polymorphonuclear leukocyte morphologic features, viability, and phagocytic activity in vitro

Effects of antibiotics and antibiotic vehicles on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) isolated from bovine mammary glands were studied in vitro. Amikacin, dicloxacillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, lincomycin, nitrofurantoin, novobiocin-penicillin, polymyxin B, rifampin, tetracycline, or tiamulin was added to culture medium at 1 mg/ml and chloramphenicol was added at 4 mg/ml. Drug concentrations were equivalent to those detected in milk immediately after injection into the mammary gland. Vehicles included mineral oil and peanut oil, each at a dilution of 1:100 in culture medium. The PMNL morphologic features, viability, and phagocytic activity were evaluated. In comparison with the phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBSS) control, significant (P less than 0.05) alterations in normal cell morphologic features were observed in PMNL cultured with tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, erythromycin, polymyxin B, rifampin, novobiocin-penicillin, chloramphenicol, tiamulin, or peanut oil. Viabilities of PMNL cultured with chloramphenicol, novobiocin-penicillin, or tiamulin were significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced when compared with those of PBSS controls. Addition of Staphylococcus aureus to culture medium enhanced morphologic alterations and reduced viabilities of PMNL. Phagocytosis of S aureus by PMNL was significantly (P less than 0.05) depressed in medium containing novobiocin-penicillin, amikacin, rifampin, chloramphenicol, tiamulin, or peanut oil in comparison with that of PMNL incubated in PBSS.