牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病病毒（BVDV）的分子生物学研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea—mucosal disease virus,BVDV)是引起牛病毒性腹泻—粘膜病的病原，欧美牛体中普遍存在轻性或隐性感染，与猪瘟病毒(HCV)、羊边界病病毒(BDV)具有1种共同抗原，有交叉反应，牛体中的抗体检出率高。本文通过对BVDV的分子生物学的概述，总结BVDV最新的分子生物学研究进展，为进一步预防和控制BVDV提供理论依据。     

牛病毒性腹泻疫苗的研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻(bovine viral diarrhea,BVD)作为一种病毒性腹泻黏膜病,给养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失,应用疫苗来防控牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)依然是重要的方法。直至目前,我国还没有成熟的BVDV疫苗,本研究主要综述了近几年来国外BVDV疫苗的研究进展,旨在为国内BVDV疫苗的研制及应用提供参考。     

牛免疫抑制性疾病引起混合感染的诊断

<正>牛病毒性腹泻(Bovine viral diarrhea,BVD)是一种呈世界性分布并且给畜牧业造成巨大经济损失的疾病[1-2],其病原牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)是黄病毒科瘟病毒属的一员,可分为牛病毒性腹泻病毒1型(BVDV-1)和牛病毒性腹泻病毒2型(BVDV-2)。研究证明:BVDV会引起牛的急性感染、持续感染(Persistent infection,PI)和黏膜病(Mucosal disease,     

青海省部分地区牦牛病毒性腹泻的流行病学调查

正牛病毒性腹泻(Bovine viral diarrhea,BVD)是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)引起的以腹泻、繁殖障碍和免疫机能障碍为主要特征的病毒性传染病[1-2]。BVDV进入机体后可造成免疫抑制和持续性感染。BVDV持续感染牛     

青海省黄南州牛群3种病毒性腹泻疾病的血清学调查

为了解青海省黄南州牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)、牛轮状病毒(bovine rotavirus,BRV)和牛冠状病毒(bovine coronavirus,BCV)的流行与分布情况,采用ELISA方法分别对2010—2012年采自青海省黄南州规模化养殖场和散养户的842份血清样品进行了BVDV、BRV、BCV抗体检测。结果显示:BVDV、BRV、BCV平均抗体阳性率分别为21.14%,24.22%和27.20%。同时调查中发现,BVDV、BRV、BCV抗体阳性率及BVDV、BRV、BCV 2种及3种病原混合感染抗体阳性率在2010年至2012年均有逐步上升的趋势,表明我州牛群中BVDV、BRV、BCV的感染情况日益严重,混合感染现象日益突出,应引起重视,并建立行之有效的综合防控措施。     

江西部分地区猪瘟疑似病例中牛病毒性腹泻病毒感染情况的初步调查

参照资料选择并验证了一对牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,简称BVDV)特异性引物,摸索了检测BVDV的RT-PCR方法的不同反应条件,选择出了最佳条件,建立了特异性的RT-PCR检测方法。并对已做过CSFV检测的52份病料进行BVDV的回归性检测,其中BVDV检测结果为阳性的病料7份,表明江西省部分猪群存在BVDV的感染,结合之前做过的猪瘟病毒(CSFV)检测结果,可说明江西省部分猪群存在BVDV的单纯感染和BVDV与CSFV的混合感染。     

上海嘉定、崇明地区奶牛病毒性腹泻血清学调查研究

正牛病毒性腹泻(Bovine viral diarrhea,BVD),又称牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病(Bovine viral diarrheamucosal disease,BVD/MD)是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)引起的急性、接触性传染病。BVDV除感染牛外,还可感染猪,也会感染鹿、羊、骆驼、兔及其他野生动物,宿主相当广泛。近年来也有人感染BVDV,以及从生物制品中分离出BVDV的报道。病牛临床表现为腹泻,急、慢性黏膜病,持续性感染与免疫耐受,母畜流产、产死胎和畸形胎等。本病世界广泛流行,自1980年李佑民首次报道BVDV     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒一步法RT-PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为建立一种快速检测牛病毒性腹泻病毒病原的方法,本研究根据GenBank上登录的牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)基因组序列,设计1对引物,建立了检测BVDV的一步法RT-PCR方法。该方法对牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒、猪瘟病毒、牛副流感病毒3型的扩增结果均为阴性,检测的敏感性达1 ng RNA。该一步法RT-PCR方法具有良好的特异性、敏感性、重复性,可以准确快速检测出极低含量的BVDV,将为BVDV的病原检测及分子流行病学调查等提供一种快速、灵敏、特异、准确的分子生物学检测方法。     

青海牦牛牛病毒性腹泻的血清学调查

正牛病毒性腹泻(Bovine viral diarrhea,BVD)是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)引起牛的一种急性、热性传染病[1],牛感染BVDV后主要表现为腹泻,进行性消瘦,脱水,严重的可引起死亡[2]。BVDV可以导致免疫耐受和免疫抑制,母畜流产和奶牛产奶量下降,以及生产性能下降,每年都给全球养牛业造成巨大的经济损失[3-4]。近几年来,我国BVDV的感染情况日益严重,为了掌握青海     

牛病毒性腹泻病诊断方法的研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus．BVDV)也称牛病毒性腹泻一黏膜病病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea-mueosal disease virus，BVD—MDV)，在分类学上属黄病毒科(Flaviviridae)，瘟病毒属(Pestivirus)BVDV与属内的猪瘟病毒(Classical swine fever virus．CSFV)及羊边界病毒(Border disease virus，BDV)，在血     

Immunohistochemistry used as a screening method for persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus infection.

Cattle persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV) are a major source of infection to herds. To successfully control BVDV, it is necessary to identify and cull those cattle PI with BVDV. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a useful tool for sensitive and specific detection of BVDV antigens in infected cattle.Skin of cattle PI with BVDV is one of the tissues where BVDV can be consistently identified by IHC and is readily accessible for sampling. Use of IHC on skin biopsies (in the form of ear notches)as a method to identify cattle PI with BVDV has resulted in a reliable, affordable technique for mass testing of cattle at an early age without maternal antibody interference. The ability to test large numbers of cattle to identify those Pl with BVDV will enable implementation of programs for control and eventual eradication of BVDV.     

Reproductive consequences of infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus.

Reproductive efficiency is imperative for the maintenance of profitability in both dairy and cow-calf enterprises. Bovine viral diarrhea virus is an important infectious disease agent of cattle that can potentially have a negative effect on all phases of reproduction. Reduced conception rates,early embryonic deaths, abortions, congenital defects, and weak calves have all been associated BVDV infection of susceptible females. In addition, the birth of calves PI with BVDV as a result of in utero fetal exposure is extremely important in the perpetuation of the virus in an infected herd or spread to other susceptible herds. Bulls acutely or PI with BVDV may bea source of viral spread through either natural service or semen used in artificial insemination. Management practices including elimination of PI cattle, biosecurity measures and strategic use of vaccination can be implemented to reduce the risk of BVDV related reproductive losses.Development of vaccines and vaccine strategies capable of providing better protection against fetal infection would be of benefit.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒持续感染的免疫学研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)是危害养牛业的重要病原之一。BVDV感染能够引起广泛的临床症状,包括牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病、持续感染、免疫耐受、繁殖障碍、血小板减少与出血综合征等。由于其病原的复杂性,给该病的控制及疫苗研制带来了一定的困难。近年来,对其免疫学的研究取得了一定进展,特别是在病原的基本免疫学特征、体液免疫、细胞免疫、免疫耐受和免疫调节方面做了深入研究,同时也在参与免疫应答的细胞因子方面做了研究,这些都为牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病的预防和控制研究提供了新的思路。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法的建立及应用

Persistent infection and immunologic tolerance are important characteristics of bovine viral diarrhea disease, which have caused great difficulties on the diagnosis, quarantine and prevention of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), so a fast and efficient detection method of BVDV is quite necessary. A pair of primers were designed based on the gene sequences of BVDV 5′UTR published in GenBank, then established the Real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR detection method with SYBR Green Ⅰ to detect BVDV. The results showed that the detection method had high specificity, strong sensitivity and good repeatability. Thus, the detection method of the Real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR would provide an effective means for the rapid detection of BVDV and persistent infected animals. It could supplement and perfect the quarantine and diagnostic methods of BVDV.     

利用耳组织、血液、牛奶样品检测牛病毒性腹泻病毒的比较

牛病毒性腹泻病以发热、口腔及消化道粘膜糜烂、腹泻为主要症状,可引起怀孕母牛流产或产畸型胎儿,给养牛业造成巨大的经济损失,该病已成为当前严重危害我国养牛业的传染病之一。由于大部分感染BVDV的牛不表现特征性的临床症状和病理变化,而且引起腹泻和消化道黏膜糜烂或溃疡的疾病很多,所以确诊需进行实验室检查。目前实验室检测BVDV的主要方法是利用美国IDEXX公司ELISA诊断试剂盒,通过BVDV抗原和抗体的检测区别牛群持续感染牛。用于检测BVDV的样品种类有许多种,绝大多数是采集血液(血清)或牛奶样品进行检测。本试验对奶牛进行耳组织采样,同时采集血液和牛奶,用三种样品在相同条件下同时检测BVDV抗原,用血清和牛奶样品检测抗体,比较样品的检测结果。结果表明,这三种样品检测结果具有一致性,且耳组织采样更宜于大面积筛查。     

Challenge with Bovine viral diarrhea virus by exposure to persistently infected calves: protection by vaccination and negative results of antigen testing in nonvaccinated acutely infected calves

Calves persistently infected (PI) with Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) represent an important source of infection for susceptible cattle. We evaluated vaccine efficacy using calves PI with noncytopathic BVDV2a for the challenge and compared tests to detect BVDV in acutely or transiently infected calves versus PI calves. Vaccination with 2 doses of modified live virus vaccine containing BVDV1a and BVDV2a protected the calves exposed to the PI calves: neither viremia nor nasal shedding occurred. An immunohistochemistry test on formalin-fixed ear notches and an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on fresh notches in phosphate-buffered saline did not detect BVDV antigen in any of the acutely or transiently infected calves, whereas both tests had positive results in all the PI calves.     

Platelet function and association of bovine viral diarrhea virus with platelets of persistently infected cattle

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether viral involvement with platelets obtained from cattle persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is associated with altered platelet function or decreased platelet counts. SAMPLE POPULATION: Platelets obtained from 8 cattle PI with BVDV and 6 age-, sex-, and breed-matched uninfected control cattle. PROCEDURE: Manual platelet counts were determined, and platelet function was assessed through optical aggregometry by use of the aggregation agonists ADP and platelet-activating factor. Identification of BVDV in serum and preparations of purified platelets was determined by use of virus isolation tests. RESULTS: No significant difference in platelet counts was detected between cattle PI with BVDV and control cattle. In response to the aggregation agonists, maximum aggregation percentage and slope of the aggregation curve were not significantly different between cattle PI with BVDV and control cattle. We isolated BVDV from serum of all PI cattle and from purified platelets of 6 of 8 PI cattle, but BVDV was not isolated from serum or platelets of control cattle. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Isolation of BVDV from platelets in the peripheral circulation of cattle immunotolerant to BVDV does not result in altered platelet function or decreases in platelet counts.     

Transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus to adult goats from persistently infected cattle.

The transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) from persistently infected (PI) heifers to adult seronegative goats was examined in this study. Ten seronegative adult goats were exposed to 4 PI heifers. None of the goats developed any clinical signs but all goats seroconverted by 42 days after exposure to the PI cattle. Results indicate that goats are susceptible to BVDV infection when housed with PI cattle.