福建省放牧山羊主要蠕虫粪检虫卵数与荷虫量的相关性研究

【目的】为了了解山羊主要蠕虫克粪便虫卵数(EPG)与其荷虫量的相关性。【方法】通过对15例肝片吸虫病例、13例捻转血矛线虫病例、12例莫尼茨绦虫病例、9例阔盘吸虫病例以及11例同盘吸虫病例的克粪便虫卵数与其荷虫量计数,计算出两者之间的相关系数。【结果】肝片吸虫、捻转血矛线虫、莫尼茨绦虫、阔盘吸虫和同盘吸虫的EPG值和荷虫量的相关系数(r)分别为0.803、0.643、-0.176、0.985、0.926,表明肝片吸虫病、阔盘吸虫病、同盘吸虫病的EPG与其荷虫量的相关性都极显著(P0.01);捻转血矛线虫病的EPG与其荷虫量的相关性较显著(P0.05);莫尼茨绦虫病的的EPG与其荷虫量没有直接相关。【结论】山羊主要蠕虫的EPG与其荷虫量的相关系数大小可为临床上判断蠕虫感染强度以及制定合理的驱虫方案提供依据。     

联合用药驱除山羊肝片吸虫、莫尼茨绦虫和捻转血矛线虫试验

应用两种药物驱除山羊自然感染肝片吸虫、莫尼茨绦虫和捻转血矛线虫的试验,结果表明：硫双二氯酚和左旋咪唑联合用药对肝片吸虫和捻转血矛线虫的粗计驱虫率和驱净率均为100％,对莫尼茨绦虫分别为94．2％和80％;硝氯酚和左旋咪唑联合用药对捻转血矛线虫的粗计驱虫率和驱净率均为100％,对肝片吸虫分别为81．0％和60．0％,对莫尼茨绦虫无效;吡喹酮和左旋咪唑联合用药对捻转血矛线虫的粗计驱虫率和驱净率均为100％,对莫尼茨绦虫分别为94．1％和80．0％,对肝片吸虫无效。建议在山羊生产中采用硫酸二氯酚和左旋咪唑联合用药驱除肝片吸虫、莫尼茨绦虫和捻转血矛线虫可获得最佳驱虫效果。     

邯郸地区羊消化道蠕虫感染情况调查

为了研究邯郸地区羊消化道蠕虫的感染情况,试验采用漂浮法和沉淀法对邯郸地区的368只羊进行了消化道蠕虫感染情况调查。结果有192只羊感染蠕虫,表明邯郸地区羊消化道蠕虫感染率为52.2%(192/368)。调查共发现11种蠕虫,即肝片形吸虫、扩展莫尼茨绦虫、贝氏莫尼茨绦虫、细颈囊尾蚴、捻转血矛线虫、毛首线虫、羊仰口线虫、绵羊夏伯特线虫、辐射食道口线虫、乳突类圆线虫、蒙古马歇尔线虫,其感染率分别为4.1%、3.5%、10.3%、47.5%、36.4%、26.9%、18.2%、14.4%、18.2%、15.8%和6.5%,表明邯郸地区羊消化道蠕虫的优势虫种为细颈囊尾蚴和捻转血矛线虫。     

河南新蔡县山羊肠道蠕虫感染情况调查

为了掌握新蔡县山羊肠道蠕虫感染情况,本次研究通过饱和盐水漂浮法和沉淀法对新蔡县8个山羊养殖场进行肠道蠕虫寄生虫感染情况调查。结果表明:360份被检样品中有308份样品为阳性,阳性率为85.56%,共检肠道寄生蠕虫6种,分别为捻转血矛线虫、食道口线虫、毛圆线虫、毛尾线虫、仰口线虫及莫尼茨绦虫,其中捻转血矛线虫、食道口线虫和毛圆线虫为山羊肠道优势虫种。     

山羊消化道寄生虫感染情况调查及防制

本研究对贵阳市某种羊场的山羊进行消化道寄生虫检查,结果表明,该羊场山羊消化道寄生虫的感染率达100%。寄生种类有线虫、吸虫、绦虫、球虫,分别是捻转血矛线虫(Haemonchus contortus)、毛圆线虫(Trichostrongylus)、夏伯特线虫(Chabertia)、乳突类圆线虫(Strongyloides papillosus)、仰口线虫(Bunostomum)、食道口线虫(Oesophagostomum)、马歇尔线虫(Marshallagia)、钝刺细颈线虫(Nematodirus spathiner)、肝片吸虫(Fasciola hepatica)、胰阔盘吸虫(Eurytrema pancreaticum)、槽盘吸虫(Ogmocoty)、莫尼茨绦虫(Moniezia)、曲子宫绦虫(Helictometra)、艾美耳球虫(Eimeria)等,为多种虫混合感染。根据调查结果采取了相应的综合防制措施。     

黑龙江省双城市绵羊寄生虫区系调查

解剖绵羊69只，在54只绵羊体检获寄生虫24种，其中吸虫6种，绦虫(包括绦虫蚴)6种，线虫8种，羊狂蝇1种，以及硬蜱、疥螨和球虫。当地的优势种是捻转血矛线虫、羊仰口线虫、哥伦比亚食道口线虫、粗纹食道口线虫、蛇形毛圆线虫、绵羊毛首线虫、肝片形吸虫、胰阔盘吸虫、前后盘吸虫、贝氏莫尼茨绦虫、羊狂蝇幼虫。腔阔盘吸虫、棘球蚴、丝状网尾线虫、硬蜱和疥螨为双城市首见虫种。丝状网尾线虫是黑龙江省绵羊寄生虫的新记录。     

灭虫清驱杀山羊寄生虫试验报告

灭虫清是一种复方广谱抗寄生虫药。以20mg/kg体重的剂量一次灌服对山羊的肝片形吸虫、莫尼茨绦虫、捻转血矛线虫、食道口线虫、奥斯特线虫、细颈线虫、马歇尔线虫和山羊螨类有良好的驱杀作用。本药具有抗虫广谱、疗效高、剂量小、使用简便、对山羊安全,无副作用等特点。     

联合用药驱除山羊肝片吸虫,莫尼茨绦虫和捻转血柔线虫试验

应用两种药物驱除山羊自然感染肝片吸虫、莫尼茨绦虫和捻转血柔线虫的试验,结果表明：硫双二氯酚和左旋咪唑联合用药对肝片吸虫和捻转血矛线虫的粗计驱虫率和驱净率均为１００％,对肝片吸虫分别为８１．０％和６０．０％,对莫尼茨绦虫无效;吡喹酮和左旋咪唑联合用药对捻转血矛线虫的粗计驱虫率和驱净率均为１００％,对莫尼茨绦虫分别为９４．１％和８０．０％,对肝片吸虫无效,建议在山羊生产中采用硫酸二氯酚和左旋咪唑联合用     

肠道蠕虫感染情况调查研究

为了掌握河南新蔡县山羊肠道蠕虫感染情况,本次研究通过饱和盐水漂浮法和沉淀法对河南新蔡县8个养殖场进行肠道蠕虫寄生虫感染情况调查。结果表明:360份被检样品中有308份样品为阳性,阳性率为85.56%,共检肠道寄生蠕虫6种,分别为捻转血矛线虫、食道口线虫、毛圆线虫、毛尾线虫、仰口线虫及莫尼茨绦虫,其中转血矛线虫、毛圆线虫和毛首线虫为山羊肠道优势虫种。     

神木县羊寄生蠕虫种类及感染情况初步研究

为了解神木县羊寄生虫的感染情况,2011年7月～8月,采用蠕虫学完全剖检法抽样检查30只羊。共发现寄生虫11种,其中线虫8种:粗纹食道口线虫(Oesophagostomum asperum)、捻转血矛线虫(Haemonchus contortus)、毛尾线虫(Trichuris sp.)、细颈线虫(Nematodirus sp.)、羊仰口线虫(Bunosto-mum trigoncephalum)、毛圆线虫(Trichostrongylus sp.)、美丽筒线虫(Gongylonema pulchrum)、尖尾线虫(Oxyuris sp.);吸虫1种:矛形歧腔吸虫(Dicrocoelium lanceatum);绦虫2种:莫尼茨绦虫(Monieziasp.)、细颈囊尾蚴(Cysticercus tenuicollis)。其中线虫、绦虫感染率高,感染强度大。捻转血矛线虫感染率80%,粗纹食道口线虫感染率45%,细颈囊尾蚴感染率45%,为优势种。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.