β-羟基β-甲基丁酸钙对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和血液激素的影响

试验旨在探讨日粮中β-羟基β-甲基丁酸钙(HMB-Ca)对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和血液激素变化的影响。选用刚出雏的雄性肉雏鸡600只,随机分配到5个处理组(每组6个重复,每重复20只鸡),分别饲喂HMB-Ca添加量为0 (对照组)、0.05%、0.1%、0.15%和0.2% 的日粮,试验期42 d。测定1~21、22~42 、1~42 d的平均日增重、平均采食量和料重比,42 d的屠宰性能及21 、42 d血清激素含量。结果表明,各组间肉鸡的平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著差异(P＞0.05),但后期和全期均以0.1% HMB-Ca组为最佳;42 d时,0.1% HMB-Ca显著提高肉鸡胸肌率(P＜0.05),同时该处理也有提高腿肌率的趋势(P＞0.05);42 d时,0.05%以上 HMB-Ca组胰岛素含量均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),以0.1%添加水平为最高;低剂量HMB-Ca(0.05%)组生长激素水平显著高于高剂量HMB-Ca组(0.15%和0.2%)(P＜0.05)。综上可知,HMB-Ca可促进肉仔鸡胸肌的生长发育,提高血清中胰岛素含量;肉仔鸡日粮中适宜的HMB-Ca添加水平为0.1%。     

胚蛋给养β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸对肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体组成和血浆激素指标的影响

β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸( HMB),是一种促进肌肉生长的营养补剂,本试验目的旨在探讨胚蛋给养HMB对肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体组成、肌肉品质、血浆生化和激素指标的影响。选用260枚爱拔益加( AA)肉鸡商品代受精蛋,随机分为2个组,分别在17.5胚龄向羊膜腔内无菌注射1 mL 0.1% HMB或等量的生理盐水(对照组)。出壳后,从每个组中各选取48只体重相近健康公雏随机分成6个重复,每重复8只,饲养试验期42 d。结果表明：1)与对照组相比,胚蛋给养HMB对肉仔鸡孵化率无显著影响( P>0.05),肉仔鸡的体重在1、21和42日龄时分别提高了1.9(P<0.05)、41.8(0.050.10)；HMB组肉仔鸡的平均日增重在1~21日龄和1~42日龄均高于对照组(0.050.05)；胚蛋给养HMB对肉仔鸡的胸肉品质无显著影响( P>0.05)。3)胚蛋给养HMB对肉仔鸡的肝脏和免疫器官指数均无显著影响( P>0.05)。4)胚蛋给养HMB对肉仔鸡血浆生化指标(总蛋白、尿酸、肌酐含量)以及甲状腺激素、生长激素和胰岛素含量均无显著影响( P>0.05)。综合本试验结果,胚蛋给养HMB可促进雄性肉仔鸡生长前期的平均日增重和肌肉发育,随日龄增加促生长作用逐渐减弱,且促生长作用与血浆甲状腺激素、生长激素和胰岛素含量变化无关,其机理有待进一步研究。     

外源添加谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡生长性能和胴体组成的影响

本试验旨在研究不同浓度谷氨酰胺(Gln)对内仔鸡生长性能、胴体特性和肉质的影响.选用1日龄Avian肉仔鸡360羽,随机分成4组,其中1组为对照组,喂基础日粮,另外3组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的谷氨酰胺.每组选取18只鸡于42日龄屠宰取样.测定各项指标.结果表明,与对照组相比,各Gln添加组肉仔鸡采食量和日增重均有所增加,料重比有所下降,但差异不显著(P＞0.05);内仔鸡全净堂率、半净堂率、胸肌率和腿肌率均有所提高,其中1.0%和1.5%Gln组肉仔鸡半净堂率显著提高(P＜0.05),0.5%Gln组腿肌率显著提高(P＜0.05);皮脂厚和肌间脂肪含量有所降低(P＞0.05).表明外源添加谷氨酰胺具有提高肉仔鸡日增重、降低料重比,提高胸肌率和腿肌率,降低脂肪含量,改善肉仔鸡胴体组成的趋势,其中0.5%Gln添加量效果最佳.     

胚蛋给养β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸对肉仔鸡孵化率、生长性能和骨骼肌发育的影响

本试验旨在研究胚蛋给养(in ovo feeding)β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸(beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate,HMB)对肉仔鸡孵化率、生长性能及骨骼肌发育的影响。选用540枚商品代AA肉仔鸡受精蛋,随机分为3个组:空白组(不注射)、生理盐水组(7胚龄气室注射1mL 0.9%生理盐水)、HMB组(7胚龄气室注射1mL含0.1%HMB的生理盐水)。出壳后,每组选取72只体重相近健康公雏随机分成6个重复,每重复12只。结果表明:1)胚蛋给养对种蛋孵化率无显著性影响(P0.05);2)HMB组出壳重、2l日龄体重、0~21日龄平均日增重均显著高于其他组(P0.05);3)7日龄时,HMB组肉仔鸡胸肌率较生理盐水组提高了1.01%(P=0.019);21日龄时,HMB组胸肌率显著高于其他组(P0.05),较空白组和生理盐水组分别提高了1.11%和1.04%;4)HMB组肉仔鸡的腹脂率最低,且在21日龄时显著低于空白组(P=0.018);5)与空白组和生理盐水组相比,HMB组肉仔鸡出壳当天和4日龄肌细胞直径显著增大(P0.05)。6)出壳当天和7日龄肉仔鸡,HMB组胸肌卫星细胞有丝分裂活性指数较其他两组显著提高(P0.05);7)7日龄肉仔鸡,HMB组血浆IGF-1含量显著高于空白组(P0.05),与生理盐水组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。结果提示,胚蛋给养HMB可提高肉仔鸡出壳重,增加卫星细胞有丝分裂活性,促进肉鸡胸肌发育,加快肉鸡前期生长;注射HMB不影响种蛋孵化率和肉鸡饲料转化效率;注射生理盐水与不注射处理结果相似,对肉仔鸡生长没有影响。     

低蛋白日粮对肉仔鸡生长性能和屠宰性能的影响

试验选择1日龄健康AA+肉仔鸡180只,随机分为3个日粮处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复10只,进行为期42d的饲养试验,旨在研究低蛋白日粮对肉仔鸡生长及屠宰性能的影响。各组日粮粗蛋白水平在前3周分别为21.00%、19.50%和18.00%,后3周分别为19.00%、17.50%和16.00%。试验结果表明:当前期和后期日粮中蛋白水平降低1.5个百分点时,肉仔鸡生长性能无显著变化(P0.05);降低3个百分点时,平均日增重和日采食量极显著下降(P0.01),而肉料比无显著变化。21日龄时,两个低蛋白日粮组腹脂沉积显著高于对照组(P0.05),降低3个百分点的低蛋白日粮组,其全净膛率显著低于对照组(P0.05),而其他屠宰性能指标均无显著的组间差异(P0.05);而在42日龄时,降低1.5个百分点的低蛋白组,其屠宰率显著高于其他两组(P0.05),两个低蛋白组的半净膛率显著高于对照组(P0.05),而其他屠宰性能指标均无显著的组间差异(P0.05)。     

微生态制剂对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同种类及水平的微生态制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响。将280只1日龄肉仔鸡按体重随机分成7个组,每组5个重复,每个重复8只鸡;试验分前期(1~21 d)和后期(22~42 d)两个阶段。结果表明,1~21 d,添加微生态制剂显著提高了肉仔鸡平均日采食量和平均日均重(P＜0.05),而不同种类微生态制剂之间无显著差异(P＞0.05);22~42 d,微生态制剂Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的平均日增重显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),随着微生态制剂添加水平的升高,肉仔鸡平均日增重呈线性增加(P＜0.05),料重比显著降低(P＜0.05);从整个试验期(1~42 d)来看,添加微生态制剂显著提高了肉仔鸡平均日增重(P＜0.05),显著降低了料重比(P＜0.05);随着微生态制剂添加水平的升高,肉仔鸡平均日增重呈线性增加(P＜0.05),而料重比呈线性下降(P＜0.05)。因此,添加微生态制剂显著提高了肉仔鸡的生产性能。     

亚麻籽饼粕发酵液对肉鸡生产性能和屠宰性能的影响

为了探讨亚麻籽饼粕对肉仔鸡生产效果的影响,本试验选用1日龄肉仔鸡288只,在相同饲养环境下随机分为4个组合(A为对照组,B、C、D为试验组,分别在饮水中添加2%、4%、6%浓度的亚麻籽饼粕发酵液),每组6个重复。试验结果表明:亚麻籽饼粕发酵液能提高肉仔鸡的体重、平均日增重和成活率,改善料重比,其中以6%添加组最为适宜,但肉仔鸡的采食量各组间差异不显著。肉鸡屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率这5个屠宰性能指标各组间差异不显著。此外,D组肉鸡的腹脂率与对照组相比存在显著差异,且试验组与对照组相比也有随添加浓度的升高而增加的趋势。     

不同铬源在高添加水平下肉仔鸡生长性能和组织铬含量的影响

0～3周龄AA肉仔鸡日粮添加8mgCr/kg的5种铬源,一个对照组,统计日增重和日采食量,取肝脏、肾和胫骨测定铬含量.结果表明①在高添加水平8mgCr/kg下,日粮添加铬对3周龄肉仔鸡生长性能的不良影响取决于铬源.CrY对3周龄肉仔鸡的日增重、日采食和料重比没有不良影响(P＞0.05),但是CrPic、CrNic、CrMet和CrCl3均对3周龄肉仔鸡有不同程度的不良影响,在高水平8mgCr/kg下分别使肉仔鸡的日增重显著下降8.06%,16.46%,9.06%,41.36%(P＜0.05);CrMet显著增加肉仔鸡日采食11.33%,而CrCl3显著降低肉仔鸡日采食17.04%;CrNic、CrMet和CrCl3使肉仔鸡的料重比显著升高20%、22%、41.33%.可见CrMet和CrCl3影响最大,其次为CrNic和CrPic.2.8mgCr/kg CrCl3显著增加3周龄肉仔鸡的腹脂率63.01%(P＜0.05),其它4种铬源对3周龄肉仔鸡的腹脂率没有显著影响(P＞0.05),表明高添加的条件下有机铬对肉仔鸡腹脂蓄积的影响比无机铬小.②在高添加水平下,铬源对1～21日龄肉仔鸡的肝脏铬含量、肾脏铬含量、胫骨铬含量有极显著影响(P＜0.01).     

不同日粮能量水平对肉仔鸡生产性能和屠宰性能的影响

为了研究不同能量水平日粮对21～45日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡生产性能和屠宰性能的影响,试验选择21日龄150只艾维茵肉鸡,随机分成3组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鸡,在相同蛋白质水平下(19.50%),试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肉仔鸡分别用12.50 MJ/kg、12.90 MJ/kg和13.30 MJ/kg的能量水平日粮饲喂,预试期为3 d,正试期为21 d,检测日增重、日采食量、料重比、胴体重、腹脂率、全净膛率、胸肌率以及腿肌率。结果表明:试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组的平均日增重、日采食量均显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组间平均日增重、日采食量均差异不显著(P0.05),各组间料重比差异显著(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组的胴体重、腹脂率显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组间胴体重、腹脂率差异不显著(P0.05),各组间全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率均差异不显著(P0.05)。说明日粮能量水平为12.90 MJ/kg时,肉鸡的生产性能和胴体性能表现较好。     

日粮中添加蜂胶粉对肉仔鸡生产性能和屠宰性能的影响

为了探讨日粮中添加不同水平的蜂胶粉对AA白羽肉仔鸡生产性能的影响,为蜂胶的临床应用提供参考依据,试验将90只7日龄AA白羽肉仔鸡随机分成3组(Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组),Ⅰ组为基础日粮对照组,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加400 mg/kg、800 mg/kg的蜂胶粉,试验通过测定各组在平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比等方面生长性能及屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率等屠宰性能,分析蜂胶粉的不同添加水平对AA白羽肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明:Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组相比,平均日增重显著提高(P0.05),料重比显著降低(P0.05),胸肌率、腿肌率显著提高(P0.05)。说明日粮中添加400 mg/kg和800 mg/kg蜂胶粉能显著促进AA白羽肉仔鸡的生长性能和屠宰性能,提高肉仔鸡生产性能。     

霉变饲料中添加有机改性蒙脱石对蛋雏鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响

【目的】 探讨在霉变饲料中添加葡甘露聚糖改性蒙脱石和壳聚糖改性蒙脱石对蛋雏鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响。【方法】 将252只8日龄雌性蛋雏鸡随机分为7组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只鸡。第1组饲喂基础饲粮,第2组饲喂霉变饲粮,第3~7组分别饲喂添加0.15%葡甘露聚糖改性蒙脱石、0.15%壳聚糖改性蒙脱石、0.15%高纯纳米蒙脱石、0.15%葡甘露聚糖和0.15%壳聚糖的霉变饲粮,试验期42 d。试验结束后检测各组蛋鸡的生长性能、免疫器官脏器指数、血浆中免疫球蛋白和免疫因子以及脾脏中免疫因子的含量。【结果】 与饲喂基础饲粮组相比,仅饲喂霉变饲粮的蛋雏鸡的平均日增重、血浆和脾脏中白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、白细胞介素-4（IL-4）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）含量以及血浆中免疫球蛋白A （IgA）、免疫球蛋白G （IgG）、免疫球蛋白M （IgM）含量均显著降低（P<0.05）;与饲喂霉变饲粮的蛋雏鸡相比,在霉变饲粮中添加葡甘露聚糖改性蒙脱石和壳聚糖改性蒙脱石均显著提高了蛋雏鸡的平均日增重,降低了料重比（F/G）和免疫器官脏器指数（P<0.05）;显著提升了蛋雏鸡血浆和脾脏中IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IFN-γ以及血浆中IgA、IgG、IgM含量（P<0.05）。【结论】 霉变饲料能导致蛋雏鸡免疫功能下降,而在霉变饲料中添加葡甘露聚糖改性蒙脱石或壳聚糖改性蒙脱石均能缓解霉菌毒素对家禽的毒性作用,提高蛋雏鸡生长性能和增强免疫功能。     

母猪饲粮添加β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸对母猪繁殖性能及仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究母猪饲粮添加β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸(HMB)对母猪繁殖性能及仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响。选取20头3～6胎次、妊娠74 d的"长×大"母猪,随机分成2组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头母猪,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在对照组基础饲粮中添加2 000 mg/kg HMB。试验从母猪妊娠第74天开始,至仔猪21日龄断奶结束。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组仔猪初生个体重显著提高14.1%(P<0.05),仔猪7、21日龄窝重分别显著提高16.6%、11.7%(P<0.05),仔猪初生至7日龄、初生至21日龄窝增重分别显著提高28.3%和12.5%(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验组母猪在妊娠第98天和分娩当天血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量分别提高35.3%(P<0.01)、13.0%(P>0.05),免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量分别提高34.7%(P<0.05)、12.6%(P>0.05);与对照组相比,试验组母猪初乳中IgG含量显著提高19.0%(P<0.05),分娩后第14天常乳中IgM含量显著提高21.4%(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验组仔猪7日龄血浆IgG、IgM含量分别显著提高11.4%和40.1%(P<0.05)。上述结果提示,母猪妊娠后期及哺乳期饲粮中连续添加2 000 mg/kg HMB,可显著提高仔猪初生重和哺乳期增重,改善母猪及仔猪免疫功能。     

酵母培养物对雏鸡生长性能、免疫器官发育和血清相关激素的影响

选用7日龄海兰褐蛋用公雏鸡180只,随机分成3组(对照组,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组),每组设3个重复,每重复20只雏鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组在基础日粮中分别添加2.5%和5%的酵母培养物,试验期6周,研究酵母培养物对雏鸡生长性能、免疫器官发育和血清相关激素的影响。结果表明,①在日粮中添加酵母培养物可以提高蛋雏鸡的平均日增重(P＜0.05),降低料重比(P＜0.05),并提高成活率(P＞0.05);②酵母培养物能够促进蛋雏鸡免疫器官的发育,提高其器官指数(P＜0.05)。③血清激素含量测定结果表明,添加酵母培养物组鸡血清中三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺激素(T4)水平显著提高(P＜0.05),皮质醇(COR)含量显著降低(P＜0.05),生长激素(GH)含量有所升高(P＞0.05)。     

Evaluation of transgenic event CBH 351 (StarLink) corn in broiler chicks

The influence of transgenic event CBH 351 (StarLink; SL)-derived hybrid corn on the growth performance, health condition and physiological function in broiler chicks, as well as the possible transfer of the cry9C gene and Cry9C protein to blood, liver and muscle were examined in comparison with chicks fed on a diet with non-transgenic corn (SL-F). Bodyweight gain and feed conversion ratio in the chicks fed on a diet with SL were significantly greater than in chicks fed on a diet with SL-F during the starter phase (0–3 weeks of age), but this significant difference disappeared during the finisher phase (4–7 weeks of age). No abnormalities in health condition in either SL or SL-F groups were observed, and livability did not differ significantly between SL and SL-F groups. Moreover, no significant differences in serum biochemical and hematological values, histopathological observation and necropsy findings were observed between SL and SL-F groups at the end of the experiment. The cry9C gene and Cry9C protein were not detected in blood, liver and muscle of chicks at 3, 5 or 7 weeks of age. The results indicate that feeding SL does not influence growth performance, health condition or physiological function in broiler chicks, and the cry9C gene and Cry9C protein are not transferred to the blood, liver and muscles of broilers.     

Effects of Intestinal Modification by Antibiotics and Antibacterials on Utilization of Methionine Sources by Broiler Chickens

A study was conducted to determine if the response to different sources of Met was influenced by the presence or absence of antibiotics and antibacterials that might alter intestinal microflora. A Met-deficient diet (0.33% by analysis), based on corn and soybean meal, was fed with or without a mixture providing 200 g/ton of bacitracin methylene disalicylate, 200 g/ton of chlortetracycline, 100 g/ton of penicillin, and 100 g/ton of sulfaquinoxaline. Diets were fortified with DL-Met or the liquid form of 2-hydroxy-4-methylbutanoic acid (HMB) to provide supplemental levels of Met ranging from 0.0 to 0.20% in increments of 0.04%, based on 99% activity for DLDL-Met and 88% activity for HMB. The experimental treatments consisted of a 2 × 2 × 6 factorial arrangement of treatments with 2 diet types (medicated and unmedicated), 2 Met sources (DL-Met and HMB) at 6 levels of supplementation for a total of 24 dietary treatments. Each of these was fed to 6 replicate pens of 5 male chicks from 0 to 21 d, stratified across tiers in the battery.Feeding the medicated diets resulted in a significant reduction in intestinal bacterial as measured by total aerobic plate count of ileal contents, with significant improvements in BW and feed conversion. However, there were no significant interactions between the medications and the response to the 2 sources of Met. There was no difference in BW or feed conversion related to the 2 different sources of Met when fed to provide equimolar amounts of Met activity. Chicks responded to increasing levels of Met, but there was no interaction between source and level of Met for BW or feed conversion. Peak response appeared to occur at approximately 0.08% supplemental (0.41% total) Met, somewhat below current NRC recommendations. It does not appear that a difference in antibiotic content of test diets is responsible for the discrepancy in reported responses to the 2 sources of Met.     

早期限饲对肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征发病率、生产性能和腹脂率的影响

采用低温诱发肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征,对比观察不同的早期限饲方法对于常温和低温条件下PHS的发病率、肉鸡生产性能和腹脂率的影响。在试验1中,限饲处理组肉鸡分别于7￣14日龄或7￣21日龄每天给料8h,对照组肉鸡全程自由采食。在试验2中,限饲组肉鸡分别于7￣14日龄给予对照组肉鸡前1d饲料消耗量的60%或80%。结果表明:早期限饲能够降低肉鸡PHS的发病率,在低温条件下尤其明显;早期限饲改善了饲料效率,同时未对肉鸡的胴体品质产生显著的影响,且适当限饲不影响肉鸡的最终上市体重。这表明早期限饲是一种有效的控制肉鸡PHS的方法,值得在实际生产中推广应用。     

In ovo feeding of nutrients and its impact on post‐hatching water and feed deprivation up to 48 hr,energy status and jejunal morphology of chicks using response surface models

A Box–Behnken design (BBD) in a response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the response of broiler chicks to in ovo feeding (IOF) of beta‐hydroxy beta‐methylbutyrate (HMB), dextrin and the timing of the first water and feed deprivation. On day 18th of incubation, 1,500 eggs were randomly assigned to 15 experimental runs of BBD, each with 4 replicates, as 3 levels IOF of HMB (0%, 0.5% and 1%) and dextrin (0%, 20% and 40%), and 3 levels of the first water and feed deprivation (6, 27 and 48 hr). Day‐old chicks from each replicate were then used to assess the effect of IOF and time first water and feed access on chick's responses. The IOF of dextrin leads to respectively 9.7%–15.5% lower hatchability for 20% and 40% inclusion (p < .05), whereas HMB inclusion appeared with no effect on hatchability (p > .05). Administration of dextrin or HMB into the amnion of embryos elevated length, width and surface area of villus, and increased glycogen content of liver and breast (p < .05). In all parameter models, the linear terms showed highest contribution (R² = 0.81–0.97) to explain existing variation in chick's responses. The first water and feed deprivation had largest effect on BW2 and glycogen content of liver and breast. It is concluded that if possible, place chicks before 7 hr of hatch to preserve BW loss and have maximum response from IOF. If not possible, use IOF with 40% dextrin + 0.5% HMB to preserve gut integrity and energy status up to 48 hr. This should give advantage to chicks to recover fast after feeding, but that would have to be confirmed by trials growing birds to slaughter age.     

Effect of ochratoxin A on Escherichia coli-challenged broiler chicks

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ochratoxin A (OA) on Escherichia coli-challenged broiler chickens. Day-old broiler chicks were separated into two groups of 92 chicks each, with one group fed a control mash diet, and the other fed a mash diet containing 2 ppm OA. On day 14, each group was further separated into two groups, with one group inoculated with E. coli O78 (1 x 10(7) colony-forming units/0.5 ml), whereas the other group was not inoculated with E. coli. After E. coli inoculation on day 14, four birds from each group were euthanatized at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days postinoculation. Escherichia coli infection caused dullness, depression, huddling, and diarrhea. Mortality was 14.3% in chicks infected with E. coli but fed no OA. Mortality increased to 35.7% in chicks fed OA and infected with E. coli. Decreased body weight and reduced feed intake were observed in chicks fed OA, and the effects were more pronounced in chicks fed OA and infected with E. coli. Increased serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, uric acid, and creatinine and decreased levels of total proteins, albumin, globulins, calcium, and phosphorus were observed in OA-fed birds. Escherichia coli infection did not cause significant alteration in any of the serum biochemical parameters. The presence of OA in poultry rations increased mortality and the severity of an E. coli infection.     

Replacement of canola meal with Moringa oleifera leaf powder affects performance and immune response in broilers

Moringa oleifera is known as a miracle tree due to its amazing nutritional and therapeutic properties. Considering its nutritional value, Moringa oleifera leaf powder can be used as a non-conventional ingredient in poultry diets. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the replacement of canola meal (CM) with Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) on growth performance, blood hematology, and immune response in broilers. Two-hundred-twenty one-day-old Hubbard broiler chicks were reared in one group for a wk (adaptation period). At 8 d of age, 150 chicks of similar body weight (±5g) were selected and randomly divided into 15 experimental units, each comprising 10 chicks. These experimental units were further allocated to 5 treatment groups that were fed Ration A (control), B, C, D, and E, containing 8% CM and 0% MOLP, 6% CM and 2% MOLP, 4% CM and 4% MOLP, 2% CM and 6% MOLP, and 0% CM and 8% MOLP, respectively. The experimental diets were fed to the broilers for a period of 31 d. The results of the present study suggest that replacement of CM with MOLP as a vegetable protein source can enhance the immune response to Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease vaccination without any change in weight gain, body organ weight, and blood hematology in broilers. The results also indicate that replacement of CM with MOLP results in higher feed intake with some negative effects on FCR in broilers.     

液体蛋氨酸羟基类似物对蛋鸡生产性能、鸡蛋品质、养分利用率和血液生化指标的影响

试验用38周龄健康的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡600只,经饲喂玉米-豆粕-麦麸型基础日粮(蛋氨酸0.22%、蛋氨酸+胱氨酸0.48%)10d后,随机分为4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复30只蛋鸡。处理1为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;处理2在每千克基础日粮中添加1.325gDL-Met;处理3和处理4以液体蛋氨酸羟基类似物(HMB,活性物质88%)在等摩尔基础上按100%或50%分别替代处理2的DL-Met。试验期10周。试验结果表明:在基础饲粮中添加DL-Met以满足高产蛋鸡的蛋氨酸需要可提高3～10周的产蛋率,并极显著地提高了3～10周的蛋重、日产蛋重、干物质、钙、磷和粗蛋白的表观代谢率(P<0.01),极显著降低了饲料转化率比(P<0.01),对采食量、鸡蛋蛋形指数、破蛋率、软蛋率、蛋黄重、蛋黄比例、哈氏单位、蛋壳重、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、鸡蛋水分和粗蛋白含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。在等摩尔基础上HMB以100%或50%替代DL-Met,对蛋鸡生产性能、鸡蛋品质和养分代谢率的影响与DL-Met无显著差异。结果表明在蛋鸡玉米-豆粕-麦麸型饲粮中HMB的生物学效价与DL-Met相同。