影响黑萨福克绵羊体内原核胚生产的因素

为提高黑萨福克绵羊原核期胚胎的生产效率,通过CIDR+FSH+PMSG和CIDR+FSH+PG两种激素方案对供体进行超数排卵,将冲出的胚胎移植入同期发情处理的受体。其中CIDR+FSH+PMSG注射组供体平均黄体数、可用胚数和移植妊娠率均高于CIDR+FSH+PG注射组(P0.05)。同时,在CIDR+FSH+PMSG注射组,不同FSH剂量注射对黑萨福克绵羊超数排卵有影响。在180~240 IU剂量组,供体羊的平均黄体数、可用胚胎数高于另一组。繁殖季节(秋季)供体平均黄体数、可用胚胎数均显著高于春季(P0.05)。     

《黑龙江动物繁殖》2008年总目次

成绩卓著的我国动物繁殖科学30年!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!桑润滋(6-01)原核注射转基因猪的准备———诱发发情、超数排卵和原核胚的获取!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!王亚刚,郑新民,华文君,等(5-01)牛卵泡液对牛卵母细胞体外成熟及受精胚发育力的影响!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!檀利     

影响奶牛超数排卵和胚胎移植的因素

为了进一步提高奶牛胚胎移植技术的效率,试验分别对超数排卵、胚胎移植的各个环节及其影响因素进行探讨与优化。结果表明:同期发情与自然发情处理后供体牛超数排卵,每头牛获得的可用胚胎数差异不显著(P0.05);秋季时进行超数排卵,每头牛的可用胚胎数显著高于夏季(P0.05);注射口蹄疫疫苗,使用性控精液输精能显著降低超数排卵后的可用胚胎数(P0.05);31头供体牛经处理后,再次发情受胎的情期受胎率与大群的情期受胎率差异不显著(P0.05),双胎率显著提高(P0.05)。     

不同药物组合对波尔山羊超数排卵效果的影响研究

为了提高波尔山羊繁殖力,应用两种处理方法对波尔山羊进行了同期发情研究。结果表明：孕酮栓法的同期发情率显著高于（P〈0.05）两次PG法,波尔山羊的发情时间主要集中在处理后48 h内。为了提高种群数量,采用两种方法对150只波尔山羊进行超数排卵处理,结果表明：FSH＋孕酮栓＋PG法的平均采卵数显著高于（P〈0.05）FSH＋PG法,而平均获胚数、获胚率与平均可用胚数则差异不显著（P〉0.05）。为波尔山羊规模化胚胎移植研究提供了参考依据。     

山羊超排过程中主要生殖激素变化规律的研究

将试验羊按年龄和体重配对分成2组(试验组和对照组)。试验组羊超排后在发情配种时注射促黄体素(LH)80U,发情配种后3d,开始以3d6次法注射孕酮(P4)6mL。对照组不注射LH和P4。在同期发情、超数排卵和配种后的不同生理阶段分别进行颈静脉采血,分离血清,然后用放射免疫法(RIA)测定血清中促黄体素、促卵泡素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮的含量。在发情配种后6d,采用手术法冲胚。采胚结果表明试验组获胚数、可用胚数、卵泡数、黄体数等各项指标和对照组相比均有明显升高的趋势,但统计学上差异不显著。对激素分析结果表明注射外源LH和P后相应的血液中激素水平升高,说明超排过程中注射LH和P对提高超排效果有一定作用。     

采用促性腺激素释放激素类似物和人绒毛膜促性腺激素提高母猪繁殖性能的研究

试验在实行发情后配种二次或三次且母猪窝产仔数不同的两个猪场进行,在第一次配种前6～14小时给母猪分别颈部肌注促性腺激素释放激素GnRH类似物(Receptal或促排三号LRH-A3)20μg或hCG1000IU,探讨在配种前使用这两类激素对母猪受胎率和产仔数的影响。在A猪场,GnRH类似物(LRH-A3和Receptal结合计算)处理使受胎率从对照组的78%(35/45)提高到93%(39/42),平均窝产总仔数和平均窝产活仔数分别从对照组的9.50头±0.50头和9.23头±0.47头提高到9.95头±0.46头和9.76头±0.45头。在B猪场,GnRH类似物LRH-A3和hCG处理使一部分猪(10%～15%)在发情后期丧失性欲不能进行第三次配种,而对照组则无此现象发生。LRH-A3和hCG处理使受胎率从对照组的96.08%(48/50)分别降低到92.31%(36/39)和86.48%(32/37);平均窝产总仔数和平均窝产活仔数从对照组的12.26头±0.32头和11.38头±0.30头分别降低到LRH-A3处理组的11.91头±0.42头和11.08头±0.44头,和hCG处理组的11.37头±0.52头和10.71头±0.49头。这些结果说明在母猪配种前注射GnRH类似物或hCG,可以提高发情后只配种二次的母猪的受胎率和产仔性能,但会降低发情后配种三次的母猪的受胎率和产仔数。     

苏尼特羊及乌珠穆沁羊间超数排卵效果的比较

在进行常规超数排卵后,针对苏尼特羊及乌珠穆沁羊的超数排卵效果进行分析,希望从排卵数、黄体数、胚胎状态等数据间发现2种绵羊超数排卵效果的差异,为后续研究提供数据基础。苏尼特羊16只和乌珠穆沁羊8只2种低产地方品种的母羊进行常规同期发情和超数排卵处理,随后对发情绵羊进行配种,并在6.5d后进行冲胚操作,统计卵巢黄体数、采胚数和可用胚胎数,分析2种绵羊间的超数排卵效果差异。苏尼特羊和乌珠穆沁羊同期发情率无显著差异P=0.439(P0.05),但苏尼特羊同期发情效果优于乌珠穆沁羊,分别为87.5%和75%;苏尼特羊与乌珠穆沁羊的头均黄体数间无显著差异(P0.05);苏尼特羊与乌珠穆沁羊的头均采胚数间差异极显著(P0.01),苏尼特羊优于乌珠穆沁羊;苏尼特羊与乌珠穆沁羊的头均可用胚胎数间差异极显著(P0.01),苏尼特羊优于乌珠穆沁羊。苏尼特羊和乌珠穆沁羊间的超排效果存在差异。     

郏县红牛同期发情及超数排卵的研究

[目的]探讨生产中郏县红牛同期发情及超数排卵的方法。[方法]筛选75头郏县红牛分组分批进行同期发情及超数排卵。[结果]显示,CIDR+PG法处理组母牛同期发情率(100%)显著高于PG二次法处理组(76%)(P0.05);用加拿大促卵泡素(FSH)超排时头均获胚数6.33枚,用中科院动物所促卵泡素(FSH)超排时头均获胚数为6.00枚,二者差异不显著(P0.05)。[结论]分析结果可知,CIDR+PG法处理比PG二次法对郏县红牛的同期发情效果好;进口促卵泡素(FSH)与国产促卵泡素(FSH)对郏县红牛的超排效果无显著差异。     

绵羊同步发情和超数排卵的研究

应用国产激素于发情季节对90只东北细毛羊和半细毛羊进行超数排卵和同步发情,研究了不同激素、不同超排和同步发情方案、不同品种及重复超排对绵羊超排效果的影响。实验结果表明:方法Ⅰ用提纯FSH、PGF_(2α)和hCG与方法Ⅱ用孕酮、PMSG、FSH超排绵羊的排卵数差异不显著(p>0.05),但前者的获卵率明显高于后者的(p<0.05)。比较方法Ⅰ与方法Ⅱ发情26～48小时和66～90小时输卵管冲卵(胚)率说明,用方法Ⅱ超排时,卵(胚)进入子宫的速度明显快于方法Ⅰ;用方法Ⅱ超排时,排卵15个以上与排卵少于15个的绵羊其获卵率差异不显著(p>0.05);间隔2个情期再次超排的绵羊排卵数接近于初次超排绵羊的排卵数,但明显高于间隔、1个情期再次超排绵羊的排卵数;用方法Ⅱ超排的东北细毛羊与半细毛羊的排卵数无明显差异(p>0.05);用孕酮同步处理的绵羊超排后,绝大多数于最后1次注射孕酮后42～51小时开始发情,而经PGF_(2α)处理的超排绵羊发情时间很不集中,从注射PG的后18到42小时之间几乎均匀分布。     

外源注射LHRH-A_3和P_4对波尔山羊超排效果的影响及其机理研究

将试验羊按年龄和体重配对分成试验组和对照组。试验组羊超排后在发情配种时注射促黄体素释放激素A3(LHRH-A3)15μg,发情配种后3d时开始以3d6次注射孕酮(P4)6mL;对照组不注射LHRH-A3和P4。在同期发情、超数排卵和配种后的不同阶段分别进行采血,测定血清中LH、FSH、E2、P4的含量。在发情配种后6d时采用手术法冲胚。采胚结果表明,试验组的获胚数、可用胚数、卵泡数、黄体数等各项指标和对照组相比均有明显升高的趋势,但差异不显著。激素测定结果表明,外源注射LHRH-A3和P4后血液中FSH、LH、P4水平升高,说明超排过程中注射LHRH-A3和P4是有一定效用的。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.