印度发展水牛奶业的基本经验

为了借鉴印度发展水牛奶业的经验，加大开发我省水牛奶业资源力度，促进全省奶业生产的发展，应达布尔印度有限公司的邀请，8月3日至17日，我省水牛奶业项目培训考察团一行6人赴印度就水牛奶业发展情况进行了为期互利天的培训考察。先后到了印度北部地区奶业发展委员会、国家农业部、德里奶品加工中心、奶品质量检测设备厂、夸里提冰淇淋股份有限公司、印度扭业研究中心、黑萨水牛研究所、水牛冷冻精液库、种牛饲养场、哈伊亚拉农业大学等单位学习考来．通过学习、参观、座谈与交流等形式，对印度水牛奶业发展情况有了比较深入的了解．印度…     

水牛综合利用大有可为

一、开展水牛综合利用的意义水牛是有使用价值的家畜,我省农民历来用它作为农业生产的主要畜力,我省水牛平均每头负担约23亩耕地,参与生产粮食一万八千多斤。水牛的利用年限长,一般都使用15～16年,长者达20年。年老退役以后还可以宰肉食用。水牛还具有一定的产奶性能,据测定本地水牛一个泌乳期产乳量在750～850公斤左右,摩拉杂一二代约1500——     

试论我省水牛资源的开发利用

水牛在我国有悠久的饲养历史。我国古生物学家考察发现,早在几十万年以前,就有水牛的存在。我国对水牛的驯养,至少在公元前两千年以前。周朝以前主要作肉用,之后随着种植业的发达而作为耕牛,成为农区最理想的役畜。到公元前167年,水牛已在人类生产和生活中占有极为重要的地位。我省是水牛喜居之地,早在1400年前就有饲养,《新唐书》对黔中一带水牛有所记述。我省各族劳动人民素有养牛习惯,许多少数民族把牛视为“保家牛”、     

论我省发展水牛业的潜力和前途

从余姚市河姆渡遗址出土的水牛头骨足以证明,我省水牛的饲养业至少已有七千年历史。在漫长的历史中,水牛从野生、驯化到农耕役用、肉用、乳用以至役乳内综合利用,对促进我省农业的发展与人民生活水平的提高,都作出过贡献。至今,随着农业机械化的不断提高,我省水牛的地位剧变,农耕时间一年仅二个月左右,利用价值与饲养效益相应降低,从而导致数量逐年减少,品     

水牛--发展贵州奶牛业不可忽视的资源

贵州水牛饲养历史悠久，长期以来，水牛作为生产资料在我省的耕作中发挥了极其重要的作用，是农业生产中最主要役畜之一和重要的畜种资源。随着社会的发展及农村耕作制度的变革，水牛的多种经济用途日显突出，其乳用、肉用性能方面的研究，在近年的研究报道中不乏其数，无论是牛乳中的理化指标还是肌肉中的氨基酸成份，都在显示出水牛的独到特性，水牛业由传统的生产资料型向现代的生活资料型转轨已成必然。１贵州水牛生产现状１．１数量现状改革开放以来，随着农村经济改革的不断深入，畜牧业逐步由传统的自然经济向商品经济转化，贵州畜牧…     

发展我省水牛资源的几点建议

水牛在世界各地分布颇广,由于其生活习性喜欢湿热多雨,大部分集中于亚州产稻地区。我省现有水牛约二百五十六万头,数量居全国第一,是农业生产上的主要动力,也是我省农牧业生产一大宝贵资源。水牛和黄牛比较,有以下几个特点: (一) 水牛是利用年限长的动物,消化粗纤维的能力特别强,适宜水田耕作,役力比黄牛大。 (二) 和同龄黄牛相比,市场价格一头水牛比黄牛高二、三倍。可在田头路边田基     

水牛螨病的调查与治疗报告

<正> 水牛螨病,俗称“牛癞”。是由螨类引起的水牛皮肤病,对牛的健康危害极重。为了开展好水牛螨病的防治工作。我们于1991年3～6月,对我省部分县的水牛螨病作了调查和治疗试验,现将结果报道如下:1 材料和方法1.1 水牛螨病的病原种类和感染调查在四川江油、仁寿、夹江等市县随机抽查田间水牛,对水牛螨     

顺德县“金榜牛乳”情况调查

我省现有水牛二百四十四万头、数量上仅次于四川名列全国第二,水牛体大力强、比黄牛更能适应高温多雨的沼泽地带、是我国南方水稻地区的主要役畜和肥料来源。从长远看,随着农业机械化的发展、水牛主要用途势必从役用为主逐步转用于乳、肉生产。国外养牛历史也是如此,如罗马尼亚、南斯拉夫早已开始培育乳、肉用水牛品种。所以我们也要及时作好水牛的转化工作。我省1957年曾引入印度么拉水牛和当地水牛杂交、杂交水牛体型大、泌乳能力增加,当时的出发点是提高役用能力,但杂交牛不如本地水牛温顺、同样的饲养水平,肌肉不如本地水牛丰满、但是用来挤奶、很受羣众欢迎。为了了解水牛挤奶情况,现将对“金榜牛乳”的调查材料发表如下、供参考。     

我省水牛开发利用的效益浅析

水牛具有适应性强、利用年限长达10～12年、对稻草纤维素的消化率高达79％、乳的营养价值比黑白花奶牛高2.8倍,而饲养成本比黑白花奶牛低25.3％等优异特性,深受农民青睬,1988年我省年终水牛存栏266.65万头,占牛总存栏的60.5％,占役力的71％;随着耕地的递减,人口和可繁殖母水牛的递增,水牛从单一役用向奶肉兼用过渡已势所必趋。目前,我省水牛开发利用巳初具规模,1988年有12个县利用2385头水牛产奶,年产奶约215万公斤,占上市牛奶量的0.47％,占全国奶用水牛数的70％;上市牛肉已从原来以黄牛为主转为水牛产肉,     

摩拉水牛与贵州水牛杂交改良效果的调查研究报告

前言贵州水牛属沼泽型。其体型中等,性情温驯,抗病力强,耐粗耐湿,役用性能好,使役年限长,是我省农业生产中的主要役畜。但晚熟,繁殖率低,后驱发育较差,乳、肉生产力低,经济利用不合理。河流型印度摩拉流牛在国内外颇负盛名,奶、役、肉性能均较好,用以改良沼泽型水牛的效果已为国内外所肯定。我省1973年开始引进杂交贵州水牛,目前改良面已达50余县,杂交一代水牛的数量超过6000头。为了深入了解在我省自然环境条件下,摩本一代水牛(下称摩杂水牛)的适应性、生长发育、繁殖性状、生产性能及存在问题,以便积极发展和培育这种杂交牛,扩大其经济利用,并提供制定水牛品种改良规划和培育新品种的依据。1980～983年间,在省科委、省畜牧局的支持下,我们采取全面了解和重点调查相结合、访问群众写实际观测相结合的方法,先后对惠水、长顺、三都、独山、道真、正安、兴仁、晴隆、普安、织金、大方等12个县的摩杂水牛和本地水牛随机进行实际秤重和体尺测量,对比测定     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.