依赖药敏试验治疗鸡大肠杆菌病是非谈

近年来在养鸡生产中大肠杆菌病日趋严重，给广大养殖户造成了巨大的经济损失。目前防治大肠杆菌病的主要方法仍然是药物控制。由于环境污染严重、大量使用抗菌药物以及药物使用不合理造成很多致病性大肠杆菌对多种抗生素产生耐药性，防治效果不理想且易复发。用药敏试验对鸡致病性大肠杆菌进行耐药性检查，筛选出高敏药物，以确定合适的剂量、合理的疗程。对鸡大肠杆菌病的治疗具有重要意义。但笔者在大量药敏试验中发现，通过药敏试验筛选有效治疗药物对指导临床合理用药存在诸多问题，养殖户不可盲目依赖药敏试验。     

犬致病性大肠杆菌的分离与鉴定

为了研究临床犬致病性大肠杆菌的耐药性,指导临床用药,试验采用鉴别培养基从10只腹泻犬肛拭子病料中分离大肠杆菌,并对分离得到的菌株进行生理生化鉴定和分子生物学鉴定,同时对其致病性和药物敏感性进行检测。结果显示从10份病料中均分离到大肠杆菌,试验共分离到10株大肠杆菌,其中有8株具有致病性。这8株致病性大肠杆菌对临床常见的16种药物表现了不同程度的耐药性,其中2株对所有的16种抗生素均耐药,在临床诊疗中应该引起足够的高度重视。分离株对临床上应用较早的药物,如复方新诺明、四环素、氨苄西林具有很强的耐药性,对头孢西丁、磷霉素、阿米卡星比较敏感,建议临床选用这3种药物对腹泻犬进行治疗。     

奶牛子宫内膜炎致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

试验为了解和掌握大庆及其周边奶牛场奶牛子宫内膜炎致病性大肠杆菌对14种药物的敏感程度，进行了药敏试验检测，对部分药物产生的耐药性进行了分析，同时筛选出的敏感药物，为该地区合理用药提供科学指导。     

雏鸭大肠杆菌分离鉴定与药敏试验

为给鸭场治疗大肠杆菌病提供依据,通过对南宁周边某养殖场病死雏鸭肝脏采集,采集病料10份,分离鉴定出9株大肠杆菌。在分离出的9株大肠杆菌中,采用K-B法对23种药物进行药敏试验。分离鉴定结果表明:该养殖场存在较为严重的大肠杆菌感染,分离出的9株大肠杆菌均有致病性,44.4%菌株对小白鼠具有强毒力,33.3%菌株具有低毒力。药敏试验结果表明,9株大肠杆菌对23种抗生素均有不同程度的耐药,耐药性差异性很大,最为敏感的抗生素是头孢拉啶、头孢哌酮2种药物。     

仔猪致病性大肠杆菌分离鉴定及药敏试验

从西宁市4个养猪场采集到50份仔猪黄、白痢腹泻粪便样品,总共分离出50株大肠杆菌,其中致病性大肠杆菌有10株,对该10株致病性大肠菌进行药物敏感性试验,发现对丁胺卡那霉素、菌必治和恩诺沙星等药物敏感,对庆大霉素、四环素、氨苄青霉素、阿莫西林以及复方新诺明等药物有耐药性.临床上选用敏感药物防治仔猪大肠杆菌病,能够有效控制疫病.     

猪大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为了解贵州省猪源大肠杆菌对抗生素耐药的情况,有效防控猪场大肠杆菌性拉稀和腹泻。本试验采集2018—2019年贵州省5个市县规模猪场/养殖户的粪便和样品1 202份,经分离培养和生化鉴定,获得大肠杆菌532株,药敏试验结果显示大部分大肠杆菌分离株对抗生素多重耐药,这对指导贵州大肠杆菌病防治具有重要的临床意义。     

猪禽致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定与药敏分析

为研究致病性大肠杆菌的耐药性,本文从广东省内临床发病猪禽的内脏中分离出50株菌株,经过分离鉴定试验筛选出23株致病性大肠杆菌,最后对23株致病性大肠杆菌进行药敏试验。药敏试验实验结果表明,所分离的23株致病性大肠杆菌对头孢吡肟、赛头孢、新头孢、林可霉素、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、泰乐菌素、替米考星等抗菌药较为敏感,高度敏感和中度敏感比率之和均在75%以上。所有菌株至少对3种抗菌药耐药,27号菌和36号菌对抗菌药有较强耐药性,分别对12和11种药物耐药。对于猪源致病性大肠杆菌,可选环丙沙星、新头孢和恩诺沙星进行治疗。对禽源致病性大肠杆菌,可选新头孢、头孢吡肟和环丙沙星用于治疗。     

甘肃省部分地区奶牛乳腺炎致病性大肠杆菌的分离及耐药性分析

为了给临床合理用药提供科学依据,对甘肃省部分地区奶牛场的323份乳腺炎乳样中分离的致病性大肠杆菌进行了耐药性分析。采用鉴别培养基(伊红美蓝培养基)、麦康凯琼脂平板、SS琼脂平板和普通营养琼脂平板结合革兰染色、镜检,对可疑菌落分离纯化,采用大肠杆菌生化鉴定管对分离株进行鉴定,并通过动物试验确定致病菌株,选用临床常用的10种抗生素对致病株进行药敏试验。结果表明:分离的108株大肠杆菌均具有致病性,致病株对青霉素、四环素、红霉素、庆大霉素表现出明显耐药,耐药率分别为86.11%,62.03%;55.56%,52.78%,而对左氧氟沙星、丁胺卡那霉素、头孢曲松钠、氯霉素较为敏感,敏感率分别为76.85%、73.15%、69.44%、62.96%。     

猪粪便中致病性病原菌检测与耐药性分析

为了检测猪粪便中的致病微生物并分析其耐药性,试验采用细菌分离培养、生化试验、16S rRNA PCR检测与测序、致病性试验等方法对从镇江地区不同养猪场采集的100份粪便样品进行病原菌鉴定,采用K-B药敏纸片法测定致病性病原菌的耐药性。结果表明:从100份粪便样品中分离得到大肠杆菌25株、沙门氏菌17株、金黄色葡萄球菌15株,其中致病性大肠杆菌20株,致病性沙门氏菌15株,致病性金黄色葡萄球菌10株;分离菌16S rRNA PCR扩增得到大小约为1 492 bp的目的条带;57株分离株的PCR产物测序结果与GenBank中参考株基因序列的同源性高于97.0%;致病性大肠杆菌对阿莫西林、环丙沙星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶等12种药物的耐药率在65.0%～95.0%之间,致病性沙门氏菌对阿莫西林、氟苯尼考、庆大霉素等12种药物的耐药率在46.7%～100%之间,致病性金黄色葡萄球菌对阿莫西林、庆大霉素、氟苯尼考等9种药物的耐药率在50.0%～100%之间,且存在多重耐药性。     

实验小鼠粪便中致病性病原微生物检测与耐药性分析

为了分析实验小鼠粪便中致病性病原微生物分布与耐药性,本试验从某市的实验小鼠养殖基地采集粪便样品120份,采用常规的细菌鉴定方法、致病性试验、K-B药敏纸片法对采集的粪便样品进行细菌分离鉴定、致病性及耐药性进行检测与分析.结果显示,从120份样品中分离了25株致病性大肠杆菌、24株致病性沙门菌、20株致病性志贺菌;分离的24株致病性沙门菌对氨苄西林、阿莫西林、青霉素等10种药物的耐药率在50.0%以上,对其他药物耐药率在16.7%～37.5%之间;分离的20株致病性志贺菌对氨苄西林、阿莫西林、青霉素等10种药物耐药率在65.0%以上,对其他药物的耐药率在10.0%～35.0%之间;分离的25株致病性大肠杆菌对氨苄西林、阿莫西林、青霉素等9种药物耐药率在60.0%以上,对其他药物耐药率在12.0%～48.0%之间。说明了实验小鼠粪便中分离的大肠杆菌、沙门菌、志贺菌具有很强的致病性,且存在严重的耐药性。     

新疆某猪场不同生长期的猪源大肠杆菌对抗生素耐药性调查

为了调查新疆某规模化养猪场不同生长期的猪源大肠杆菌对临床常用抗生素的耐药情况,从该猪场分别采集育肥猪、妊娠猪、保育猪和哺乳猪的粪样。试验采用微量肉汤稀释法,对从粪样中分离出的大肠杆菌进行最小抑菌浓度测定。结果显示,育肥猪、妊娠猪、保育猪和哺乳猪源大肠杆菌分离率分别为85.2%、83.0%、81.0%和83.0%。不同生长期的猪源大肠杆菌均对氨苄西林和阿莫西林/克拉维酸2种抗生素高度耐药,对头孢噻呋都较为敏感。哺乳猪和保育猪源大肠杆菌耐药情况严重,对多种抗生素高度耐药,以5耐为主;妊娠猪源大肠杆菌轻度耐药,以0耐为主;育肥猪源大肠杆菌以3耐为主。不同生长期的猪源大肠杆菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药程度不同。     

Public health aspects of bacterial drug resistance in modern battery and town/village poultry in the tropics

A correlation of antibiotic use and drug resistance was found among Escherichia coli strains isolated from battery poultry in the University of Ibadan Teaching and Research Farm. All the E. coli strains from battery birds were resistant to Tetracycline, Streptomycin and Sulphonamide (Sulphafurazole) by the disc sensitivity test. In contrast, all the strains isolated from free range town and village poultry were sensitive to the range of drugs tested, while the Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations of the drugs against these free range isolates were the same as those for the control E. coli strain N.C.T.C. 10418. Ninety-eight to 100% of the strains from both battery poultry and from town/village birds were sensitive to Colistin, Chloramphenicol, Nitrofurantoin and Nalidixic Acid. Since antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli from animal sources are known to be indistinguishable from those found in man, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics is potentially capable of giving rise to a higher incidence of intractable infection with resistant bacteria. These drug-resistant organisms may be transmitted from animal to man, and complicate the therapy of human diseases.     

宁夏部分地区腹泻羔羊源大肠埃希菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

为掌握宁夏地区羔羊腹泻源大肠埃希菌的耐药性,采集腹泻羔羊肛拭子90份,开展大肠埃希菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验。结果分离到78株大肠埃希菌,对头孢类、氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类、氟苯尼考、青霉素类、四环素等抗菌药物有较高的敏感性,对万古霉素、复方新诺明、克林霉素耐药(耐药率78.21%~94.87%)。结果表明,宁夏地区羔羊腹泻源大肠埃希菌对抗菌药物保持较高的敏感率,耐药现象并不严重。     

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of thermotolerant Campylobacter strains isolated from food animals in Ethiopia

Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. are frequent causes of diarrhoea in humans worldwide mostly originating from poultry. It has been suggested that extensive veterinary use of antibiotics is largely responsible for resistance in human isolates. During a 4-month period from January to April 2004, 192 Campylobacter spp. were isolated from fecal samples of 485 healthy food animals. The in vitro susceptibility to 12 antibiotics was determined by the agar disk diffusion method. Among the 192 Campylobacter spp. isolated, 135 (70.3%) were identified to be C. jejuni, 51 (26.6%) were C. coli and 6 (3.1%) were C. lari. C. jejuni was the most prevalent species in chickens (80.8%) versus 16.2% C. coli and 3.0% C. lari. All isolates found in pigs were C. coli. All strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin and all were resistant to cephalothin. More than 90% of the strains were sensitive to clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, streptomycin and tetracycline. Resistance was found against ampicillin in 20% and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in 37.5%. Resistance was not statistically different among C. jejuni, C. coli and C. lari (p>0.05). Multidrug resistance to two or more drugs was detected in 14.5% of strains. In conclusion, the study showed that antimicrobial resistance is found only at relatively low frequencies for most antimicrobial agents tested except for ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. The low percentages of resistance to most antimicrobial agents tested in this study may be the result of low/no usage of these agents as a growth promoters or treatment in the Ethiopian animal farm setting. The detection of multidrug resistant isolates may pose a threat to humans and further limits therapeutic options.     

四川凉山地区奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌分离鉴定及药敏情况分析

通过开展凉山地区奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定和药敏情况试验,为指导凉山地区奶牛场临床合理使用抗生素以及提高抗生素的防治效果提供理论指导。通过采样、增菌培养、细菌鉴定、药敏试验、数据统计分析等方法,结果发现193 份患有乳房炎的乳样中有134 份分离出12 种病原菌,其中65 份检出两种及以上菌,占检出数的48.50%﹔共分离出234 株不重复菌株。分离率居前五位为：葡萄球菌63 株（26.9%）、大肠杆菌56 株（23.8%）、肺炎克雷伯菌42 株（17.9%）、肠球菌24 株（10.3%）、链球菌13 株（5.6%）。对本试验分离到的大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌等12 种菌中的10 种细菌药敏试验结果显示,不论是革兰氏阳性菌还是革兰氏阴性菌对试验选取的17 种常见抗生素均表现不同程度的耐药,有部分菌株还表现严重的多重耐药,有些菌株对部分药物耐药率达100.00%。     

Incidence of drug resistance and transmissible R factors in strains of E. coli isolated from faeces of healthy pigs

Two hundred and twenty-six strains of E. coli were isolated from faeces of 107 pigs at different ages and without clinical signs of infectious diseases. The resistance of the strains to sulphonamide, tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and nalidixic acid was determined. In 74 % of the animals the predominant E. coli flora was found to be resistant to one or more of the drugs mentioned. Fifty-three % of the strains were resistant. Multiple resistance was predominant among resistant strains (67 %). R factors transmissible to a sensitive strain of E. coli K12 W3132 were demonstrated in 28 %. The proportion of resistant strains was largest in young animals (0–14 weeks) accounting for 65 % of the strains isolated, as compared to 43 % of strains from pigs and sows (6 months or more). The incidence of resistance to sulphonamide, tetracycline, and streptomycin was high, whereas most of the strains were sensitive to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. All strains were sensitive to nalidixic acid.The incidence of resistance to antibiotics in a population of pigs to whom these drugs are not fed but applied as therapeutic agents solely seems rather high. When based on clinical findings only, the value is therefore questionable of sulphonamide, tetracycline and streptomycin treatment of infectious diseases caused by E. coli.     

泰安及周边地区禽大肠杆菌分离鉴定及耐药分析

对泰安及周边地区鸡大肠杆菌病的流行情况和致病性大肠杆菌的耐药性状况进行了比较系统的调查分析：对25株鸡源性大肠杆菌进行了分离纯化、生化试验，同时对所分离的菌株进行了耐药性测定及β内酰胺药物耐药基因TEM的检测等研究。结果表明：大肠杆菌对多种抗生素均产生了耐药性，对β－内酰胺类药物的耐药性也相当严重，对在药敏试验中检测出对头孢菌素类药物不敏感的菌株进行TEM基因检测，发现这些菌株均含有耐β-内酰胺酶耐药基因，与Genebank上登录的其他耐β-内酰胺酶耐药基因序列的同源性达到97％以上，仅存在个别的碱基突变。通过研究以期探明地区鸡源性大肠杆菌病的流行情况和细菌的耐药现状．从而为有效控制鸡大肠杆菌病的发生流行提供可靠的理论依据，以便制订出较为科学合理的预防和治疗措施，以提高养殖效益。     

新疆部分地区奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

[目的]为了解本地区奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌的流行及耐药情况。[方法]对新疆部分地区奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌进行分离培养、染色镜检、荧光PCR鉴定,并用纸片法对分离菌株开展药物敏感试验。[结果]从200 份奶牛乳房炎样品中分离出63 株大肠杆菌,分离率为31.5%。分离菌株对青霉素耐药率最高,达到了93.65%,对美罗培南敏感率最高,达到了98.14%,对其他抗生素均有不同程度的耐药。[结论]新疆部分地区奶牛乳房炎中大肠杆菌广泛流行,具有较高的耐药性。     

Comparative bacterial drug resistance in modern battery and free-range poultry in a tropical environment

A correlation between the use of antibiotics and drug resistance was found among Escherichia coli strains isolated from modern battery poultry at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. All 1248 E coli strains from university poultry and 2196 strains from a commercial poultry farm in Ibadan were resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin and sulphonamide, the minimal inhibitory concentrations of these drugs being found to be several times those of the control E coli NCTC 10418. In contrast, all 2284 strains isolated from free-range town and village poultry were sensitive to these drugs. In the tropical developing countries with poor environmental sanitation and low personal hygiene, this situation has public health implications.     

河南某湖羊场乳房炎的病原菌分离鉴定及防治

以某湖羊场发生的乳房炎病例为对象,通过细菌分离鉴定及生化试验,并对所分离的菌株进行药物敏感试验,确定主要致病菌及其耐药特性,为该场湖羊乳房炎的预防和治疗提供理论依据和科学指导。试验共分离得到30株细菌,其中葡萄球菌8株,占26.7%;大肠埃希菌22株,占73.3%。检测结果显示,葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌是导致该场湖羊乳房炎的主要病原菌。药敏试验结果显示,这两种病菌对氟苯尼考、头孢噻呋钠和多西环素高度敏感,而对阿莫西林、大观霉素和培氟沙星等有耐药性。在此基础上,制定出针对该羊场湖羊乳房炎的相应治疗及预防措施。