防治仔猪腹泻的中药制剂制备技术与应用

优选治疗仔猪腹泻病的中药组方,提取中药中的有效成分制备中药粉剂;应用猪致病性大肠杆菌疫苗免疫蛋鸡,收集高免蛋,分离出卵黄,制备卵黄免疫球蛋白,再通过动物试验,确定中药粉与卵黄免疫球蛋白的最佳配比,制备中草药免疫球蛋白复合制剂.能有效治疗仔猪腹泻病.本文重点论述了关键制备技术的特色与创新之处.旨在为广大牧医工作者预防和治疗该病提供理论依据.     

在动物疾病防治中卵黄抗体应用探究

现阶段,生物科学领域的一项重大发现即为卵黄抗体,由于其自身具有相对简单的制备过程,因此获得较为广泛的应用.其制取过程主要是在母鸡体内注射一种特定的抗原物质,特定抗原会受到母鸡免疫系统的影响完成处理,这样的化学反映在经过免疫之后便会产生抗体,并在卵黄中集中起来,因而形成卵黄抗体.研究表明,卵黄抗体在动物疾病防治中扮演着重要性角色,对其加以广泛性应用研究,有利于促进动物疾病防治效果的提升.     

卵黄抗体对新城疫病鸡的治疗效果

应用卵黄抗体稀释液先后对115群病鸡共68,315只作治疗试验,保护率为84.02%,其中效价在640以上的卵黄抗体稀释液,其保护率高达93.52%。使用卵黄抗体治疗新城疫病鸡是可行的.     

兽用卵黄抗体的特点及应用

文中阐述了有关卵黄抗体的特点及其结构与形成机理,对卵黄抗体的作用机理也作了举例说明。同时,就卵黄抗体生产中的影响免疫效果与抗体效价的因素、抗体提纯与干燥及卵黄抗体在一些动物传染病治疗与紧急预防上的应用等问题也作了介绍。最后还对卵黄抗体存在的问题与展望提出了一些建议。     

产蛋鸡血浆卵黄前体物及其受体研究进展

在雌激素作用下,产蛋鸡肝脏合成卵黄前体物,即极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)和卵黄生成素(VTG),二者分别为卵母细胞生长发育提供能量和营养物质.血浆卵黄前体物水平与蛋鸡生产性能密切相关.卵母细胞卵黄生成受体(OVR)介导卵黄前体物被产蛋鸡吸收,转运到生长中的卵母细胞,是卵黄前体物进入卵母细胞的瓶颈,其内吞VLDL的数量是蛋黄胆固醇含量的决定因素.本文综述了卵黄前体物及其受体类型、结构及其与产蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的关系.     

自然感染鸡传染性法氏囊病耐过鸡卵黄抗体的制备及在诊断中的应用

以生理盐水-氯仿从自然感染鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)耐过鸡群的种蛋提取IBD卵黄抗体.其在琼脂扩散试验中与IBD阳性血清特异性相同,故可以替代IBD阳性血清。卵黄抗体取材广泛,提取简单,便于基层应用。     

新城疫人工主动与被动联合免疫的效果观察

新城疫仍然是影响我国养禽业的主要传染病之一，而且多趋向于非典型化。目前控制该病的主要措施是疫苗的接种和高免卵黄抗体的应用。后者的应用极大地提高了该病的治疗和紧急预防的效果。注射高免卵黄抗体属于人工被动免疫，它的优点是见效快，注射后即可产生作用，而且无任何毒副作用。缺点是维持时间短。因此在被动免疫之后，仍然需要进行人工主动免疫。一般的做法是注射高免卵黄抗体一周后再应用疫苗进行人工主动免疫。本文作者应用新城疫Ⅳ系弱毒苗与灭活油佐剂苗分别与新城疫高免卵黄抗体联合免疫；表明新城疫Ⅳ系弱毒苗与高免卵黄抗体联合免疫可出现一个抗体阴性期，而新城疫灭活油佐剂苗与高免卵黄抗体联合免疫则不出现这个抗体阴性期。因此，在新城疫发生时，可以采用灭活油佐剂苗与高免卵黄抗体联合应用，以达到治疗和紧急预防的双重目的，而不宜采用新城疫Ⅳ系弱毒苗与高免卵黄抗体联合应用。     

高免卵黄抗体的正确应用

鸡传染性法氏囊病和新城疫是目前危害养鸡业的重大疫病,在生产实际时有发生.高免卵黄抗体主要用于新城疫、传染性法氏囊病初期治疗,并且治疗效果相当好.但在实际应用过程中时常出现一些认识上的误区,卵黄抗体应用时应注意以下问题.     

抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒卵黄抗体的制备及临床应用

制备猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒高免卵黄抗体,研究其治疗效果。以猪繁殖与呼吸综合征灭活苗免疫产蛋鸡,采用ELISA方法检测卵黄抗体效价,收集高效价卵黄,采用氯仿抽提和硫酸铵盐析法纯化卵黄抗体。ELISA方法测定收集抗体效价为1∶8 000,测定纯化的抗体浓度为7.85mg/mL,微生物学检验及安全性试验表明制备的卵黄抗体安全可靠,人工感染治愈率和临床应用治愈率分别为100%和89.1%,表明制备的卵黄抗体对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征具有显著的治疗效果。     

灭活、甲醛处理及保存温度对卵黄抗体效价的影响

目前用于制作卵黄抗体的高免蛋均为普通商品代母鸡所产,因而被某些通过卵垂直传播的病原体污染不可避免。对此,即使在制作过程中加入一定量的抗菌剂和防腐剂,也仅能杀灭或抑制卵黄液中的细菌,而对病毒毫无作用,故而卵黄抗体在临床应用时带有疫病传播的危险性.为探讨切实可行的对策,笔者以鸡法氏囊病(IBD)卵黄抗体为例,进行了探讨,现将结果报告如下.     

卵黄抗体提取方法及其在畜禽细菌性肠道疾病防治中的应用

细菌性肠道感染是畜禽养殖过程中的常见疾病，易引起畜禽采食量下降、生产性能降低等问题，严重者甚至造成死亡。在养殖过程中多采用抗生素对其进行治疗，但由于抗生素长期大量使用，特别是不合理使用，使药物残留和细菌耐药性问题日益凸显。因此，发展安全可靠的抗生素替代品已然成为当今畜牧行业的研究热点。卵黄抗体（egg yolk immunoglobulins，IgY）是通过免疫接种产蛋鸡后，在蛋黄中表达的一种免疫球蛋白，可用于相应疾病的预防和治疗。IgY具有产量大、性质稳定、安全高效等诸多优点，目前IgY作为抗生素替代品已被广泛用于畜禽养殖过程中，并取得了显著的效果。文章介绍了IgY的分子结构、理化性质和作用机理，总结并比较了5种IgY提取方法的去脂率、抗体效价、总蛋白含量等指标，最后详细介绍了IgY在防治畜禽常见细菌性感染中的研究现状和应用前景，以期为IgY的高效生产及疾病防治提供研究依据和技术支持。     

Chicken egg yolk antibodies(IgY) as non-antibiotic production enhancers for use in swine production:a review

In recent years,the use of in-feed antibiotics for growth and disease prevention in livestock production has been under severe scrutiny.The use and misuse of in-feed antibiotics has led to problems with drug residues in animal products and increased bacterial resistance.Chicken egg yolk antibodies(IgY) have attracted considerable attention as an alternative to antibiotics to maintain swine health and performance.Oral administration of IgY possesses many advantages over mammalian IgG such as cost-effectiveness,convenience and high yield.This review presents an overview of the potential to use IgY immunotherapy for the prevention and treatment of swine diarrhea diseases and speculates on the future of IgY technology.Included are a review of the potential applications of IgY in the control of enteric infections of either bacterial or viral origin such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,Salmonella spp.,rotavirus,porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus,and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.Some potential obstacles to the adoption of IgY technology are also discussed.     

Chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY) as non-antibiotic production enhancers for use in swine production: a review

In recent years, the use of in-feed antibiotics for growth and disease prevention in livestock production has been under severe scrutiny. The use and misuse of in-feed antibiotics has led to problems with drug residues in animal products and increased bacterial resistance. Chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY) have attracted considerable attention as an alternative to antibiotics to maintain swine health and performance. Oral administration of IgY possesses many advantages over mammalian IgG such as cost-effectiveness, convenience and high yield. This review presents an overview of the potential to use IgY immunotherapy for the prevention and treatment of swine diarrhea diseases and speculates on the future of IgY technology. Included are a review of the potential applications of IgY in the control of enteric infections of either bacterial or viral origin such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., rotavirus, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Some potential obstacles to the adoption of IgY technology are also discussed.     

Cross-reactivity of anti-chicken IgY antibody with immunoglobulins of exotic avian species

Background: A major challenge in the serologic diagnosis of infectious diseases in exotic birds is the limited availability of species-specific antibodies. Objectives: The purpose of the current study was to determine if there is cross reactivity between commercially available anti-chicken IgY antibodies and immunoglobulins of several avian species, with particular emphasis on psittacines. Methods: To quantitate the reactivity with anti-chicken IgY, Western blot analysis was performed using plasma samples from many different avian species. Results were compared with gamma globulin fraction quantitation obtained by protein electrophoresis. Results: By Western blot, 2 protein bands corresponding to the heavy and light chains of chicken IgY were identified in species from 21 avian orders using 1 of 2 rabbit anti-chicken IgY antibodies. Densitometric analysis showed that the amount of immunoglobulin estimated from Western blots correlated strongly with data from protein electrophoresis assays. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that some commercially available anti-chicken IgY antibodies exhibit good cross-reactivity with most avian species.     

抗CDV、CAV卵黄抗体的制备

本研究用CDV、CAV分别免疫产蛋鸡，收集鸡蛋，用海藻酸钠—硫酸铵法提取卵黄抗体(IgY)，并对提取的IgY采用了SDS-PAGE和低压层析检测纯度，结果表明用该法提取的IgY纯度较高。用间接BUSA测定提取的IgY活性，结果证明提取的抗CAV IgY的活性较高，而抗CDV IgY的活性损失较大。     

Characterization of specific egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) against mastitis-causing Escherichia coli

The objective of this study was to estimate the in vitro activity of egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) against mastitis-causing Escherichia coli. Specific IgY was produced by hens immunized with formaldehyde killed E. coli O111 in long-standing immunization response (titer > or =6400 for 100 days) and was isolated from yolks with a purity of 86% by water dilution, salt precipitations and ultrafiltration. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated the produced IgY specifically targeted E. coli O111 and five other E. coli strains which were isolated from mastitic cows. The growth inhibition activity of the specific IgY to bacteria was dose-dependent with an effective concentration of 20mg purified IgY per milliliter. The phagocytic activity of E. coli either by milk macrophages (MPhi) or by polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) in the presence of specific IgY was significantly higher than that with nonspecific IgY or without IgY (p<0.05), suggesting that it enhanced phagocytic activity. The current work suggests that this specific IgY has potential as a therapeutic treatment for mastitis in dairy cows.     

In vitro reactivity and growth inhibition of EPEC serotype O111 and STEC serotypes O111 and O157 by homologous and heterologous chicken egg yolk antibody

IgY is a chicken egg yolk antibody which has been used for treatment and prophylaxis of gastrointestinal infections. Our aim was to verify if IgY obtained from chickens immunized with EPEC O111, STEC O111 and STEC O157 is able to show in vitro reactivity and biological activity towards the three bacteria. IgY was obtained from eggs laid before and after immunization with each bacterium. The preparations of IgY anti-EPEC O111 and anti-STEC O111 shared high reactivity detected by ELISA and growth inhibition ability towards both bacteria EPEC O111 and STEC O111. Nevertheless, the preparation of IgY anti-STEC O157 showed high reactivity and growth inhibitory effect only towards the homologous strain. Our results showing in vitro biological activity of IgY reinforce its use as an alternative for the treatment or prophylaxis of E. coli infections and encourage the development of in vivo studies for a possible future human therapeutic use.     

对鸡卵黄免疫球蛋白两种提取方法的比较

本文比较了水稀释-饱和硫酸铵沉淀法（法一）和水稀释-冰乙醇分级沉淀法（法二）分离提纯鸡卵黄免疫球蛋白（IgY）的产率、纯度及抗体效价。结果表明：两种方法提取的IgY纯度均较高,法一纯化的IgY的产率及蛋白活性相对更好。     

不同除脂条件对卵黄液除脂率及卵黄抗体纯度的影响

为研究提高卵黄液除脂率和卵黄抗体的纯度,建立适合大量生产卵黄抗体的工艺,比较了不同除脂条件对卵黄液除脂率及卵黄抗体纯度的影响。最终确定卵黄液与醋酸盐体积比为1：8、pH值调至5．2、2～8℃沉淀15h（过夜）时,除脂的效果最理想,且蛋白的纯度高,适合大量提取卵黄抗体。     

Preparation and Identification of N-glycolylneuraminic Acid IgY Antibody

The experiment was carried out to establish a method for preparation and identification of N-glycolylneuramic acid IgY antibody.Neu5Gc was linked to carrier proteins by carbodiimide(EDC)method.After the immunization of immunogen to laying hens,the IgY antibody was gained.Neu5Gc-IgY was analyzed and identified by ELISA.The results of UV and agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the artificial antigens of Neu5Gc were successfully synthesized.The development of the IgY antibody titer was monitored by indirect ELISA.The result showed that the IgY antibody was generated at 7th day after the first immunization.The titer was gradually increased and reached its peak (1:10 000) at 63th day after the first immunization.The high titer of the IgY antibody maintained through the whole observation period.The sensitivity of anti-Neu5AGc IgY antibody was detected by the competitive blocking ELISA.The linearity about the first chicken of the standard curve showed good,the liner regression equation was y=30.28x+16.923,R²=0.9581.The IgY antibody gained in this study laid the foundation for the establishment of indirect ELISA immunoassay method for detecting Neu5Gc in red meat,milk and tumor tissues.