用Reo,AⅣ及ILT病毒试验性污染鸡新城疫疫苗的检测

实验性的以呼肠孤病毒，禽流感病毒和传染性喉气管炎病毒分别污染ＮＤ疫苗，经特异性ＮＤ抗血清中和之后接种鸡胚。经血清中和未污染的疫苗对照鸡胚全部生存，所在死亡的被实验性污染病毒疫苗的鸡胚都按其污染的病毒出现其特有的病理变化。作者认为应用此种方法可以检出活疫苗中污染的外源病毒。     

双嘧达莫抗新城疫病毒的实验检测

采用双嘧达莫（ＤＩＰ）阻止新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）血凝作用试验、对ＮＤＶ致死鸡胚的阻断试验以及阻止ＮＤＶ在鸡胚中增殖试验方法，检测了该药物对ＮＤＶ的作用。结果表明，ＤＩＰ不能阻止ＮＤＶ对鸡红细胞的凝集作用，对感染致死量ＮＤ强毒和Ｉ系疫苗病毒的鸡胚无保护作用。     

禽用生物制品外源病原监测研究：鸡新城疫LaSota活苗中污染IBV的检测研究

使用ＳＰＦ鸡制备的抗ＮＤＶ（新城疫病毒）高免血清可中和ＮＤＶ种毒或鸡新城疫疫苗ＬａＳｏｔａ株１０~７ＥＩＤ５０／０．１ｍｌ（即１０个使用剂量），并具有高度持异性。对于ＮＤＶ疫苗实验室模拟污染ＩＢＶ传染性支气管炎病毒）研究表明，用ＮＤＶ高免血清中和ＮＤＶ疫苗１０个使用剂量后，可检测到ＩＢＶ１０~（－６）污染水平。对于某生药厂ＮＤＶＬａＳｏｔａ疫苗中疑似ＩＢＶ污染的样品进行检测，排除了ＩＢＶ污染。文章同时证明了免疫胚接种ＮＤＶＬａＳｏｔａ毒后胎儿表现出类似感染了ＩＢＶ的病变。     

禽用生物制品外源病毒监测研究—鸡传染性法氏囊炎疫苗外源病毒检测

原倍鸡传染性法氏囊炎（ＩＢＤ）高免血清可以中和１０个羽份ＩＢＤ病毒；中和后的病毒接种鸡胚卵黄囊后继续孵化至出雏，雏鸡健活；用ＮＤＶＬａＳｏｔａ毒和鸡鹌鹑痘病毒模拟污染ＩＢＤＶＢ８７毒再经ＩＢＤ高免血清中和，可以检出模拟污染的病毒；高免血清可以中和１０个羽份的ＩＢＤ疫苗毒。     

新城疫疫苗简介

１新城疫（ＮＤ）疫苗和大群免疫程序自从１９２７年首次报道ＮＤ以来，科学家们致力于研制有效疫苗以控制此病。开始时由于没有获得减毒株，人们采用人工感染的病料生产ＮＤ灭活苗。后来研究发现，ＮＤ病毒可以在鸡胚内生长，从而开创了生产安全高效疫苗的新时代，使用受...     

鸡新城疫,传染性支气管炎二联油乳剂灭活疫苗试验研究报告（I报）：NDV,…

本研究根据ＮＤＶ、ＩＢＶ二种病毒能在鸡胚中繁殖的特点，通过筛选上述二种病毒的最适稀释比例，将混合毒种接种９～１０日龄鸡胚尿囊腔内（简称同胚培养）使接种鸡胚尿囊液９６ｈ二种病毒毒价同时达到高峰，每０．１ｍｌ尿素液含ＮＤＶ≥１０＾８ＥＩＤ５０，ＩＢＶ≥１０＾７ＥＩＤ５０。本试验用兔抗ＮＤＶ，ＩＢＶ血清抗体封闭相应病毒测定混合毒获得成功，本研究目的在于为制备鸡二联油乳灭活功时改进繁毒方法，降低疫苗成本。     

鸡新城疫／传染性支气管炎二联油乳剂灭活疫苗试验研究报告（Ⅱ）：疫苗…

根据ＮＤＶ、ＩＢＶ二各病毒混合毒种的最适稀释比例，将混合毒种接种９－１０龄鸡胚尿囊腔内（简称同胚培养），使接种鸡胚９６ｈ二种病毒毒价同时达到高峰，０．０１ｍｌ尿囊液含：ＮＤＶ≥１０＾８ＥＩＤ５０、ＩＢＶ≥１０＾７ＥＩＤ５０。收获同胚培养的胚毒，制备同胚培养的胚毒，制备油乳剂灭活疫苗。用三批疫苗分别免疫１８日龄雏鸡，免疫后４周二联疫苗的有效抗体分别为：ＮＤ血凝抑制抗体（ＨＩ）≥１：１６、ＩＢ中和抗体     

鸡新城疫和减蛋综合征异源二联灭活疫苗研究

将鸭源新城疫（ＮＤ）病毒Ｄ＿（１０）株和减蛋综合征（ＥＤＳ－７６）病毒ＧＣ＿２株于同一鸭胚同时增殖，用甲醛灭活后加入１０号白油制成ＮＤ和ＥＤＳ－７６异源二联灭活疫苗，简化了生产工艺，降低了成本，克服了鸡胚苗潜伏带毒的危险。经２０余万只鸡试用，表明该疫苗可有效预防ＮＤ和ＤＥＳ－７６。     

鸡法氏囊、新城疫同胚接种制造弱毒二联苗

鸡传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）和新城疫（ＮＤ）病毒接种同一鸡胚收取种毒试制ＩＢＤ、ＮＤ二联弱毒冻干疫苗,并按《规程》方法分别检验。结果证明安全、效力均能达到合格标准,两种病毒互相不干扰抗体的产生。     

鸡法氏囊,新城疫同胚接种制造弱毒二联苗

鸡传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）和新城疫（ＮＤ）病毒接种同一鸡胚收种毒试制ＩＢＤ,ＮＤ二联弱毒冻干疫苗,并按《规程》方法分别检验,结果证明安全,效力均能达到合格标准,两种病毒互相不干扰体的产生。     

鸡新城疫病毒的分离与鉴定

从山东某鸡场的产蛋下降而无其他典型新城疫(Newcastle Disease)症状的高抗体蛋鸡群中分离到一株病毒。经过试验鉴定,该分离株具有血凝性,且可被ND标准阳性血清所抑制和中和,不能被AI(H5亚型与H9亚型)标准阳性血清抑制;该病毒的最小致死量病毒致死鸡胚的平均时间(h)为50.4 h,1日龄SPF鸡脑内接种分离病毒致病指数(ICPI)为1.85,6周龄SPF鸡静脉接种致病指数(IVPI)为2.42,回归试验鸡出现了新城疫症状和病变,经外源病毒检测及回归试验该病毒株被确定为新城疫病毒,并属强毒型,命名为ShD-5-04。     

鸡新城疫强毒株的分离与鉴定

从山东某鸡场的产蛋下降而无其他典型ND症状的高抗体蛋鸡群中分离到一株病毒。经过试验鉴定．该分离株具有血凝性，且可被ND标准阳性血清所抑制和中和，不能被AI（H5亚型与H9亚型）标准阳性血清抑制；该病毒的最小致死量病毒致死鸡胚的平均时间（MDT）为50．4，1日龄SPF鸡脑内接种分离病毒致病指数（ICPI）为1．85，6周龄SPF鸡静脉接种致病指数（WPI）为2．42，回归试验鸡出现了新城疫症状和病变，该病毒株确定为新城疫病毒强毒型，并暂命名为ShD-dzh04。     

免疫萤光技术检测禽用活疫苗中衣原体的污染

本文主要描术字用萤光抗体技术对４０批禽病疫苗，以不同的形式进行了检测。第一，取１０批新城疫疫苗，分别用ＮＤ阳性血清中和，接种鸡胚，并任取一批与１０＾－４稀释的衣原体混合后接种鸡胚，作为阳性对照；第二，取２０批禽病疫苗直接涂片检测同时设衣原体对照；第三，取１０批ＮＤ苗，用ＮＤ阳性血清中和，接种鸡胚，同时每批苗分别为１０＾－１４衣原体稀释液混合，接种鸡胚作对照，结果４０批疫苗均未检出阳性，衣原体对照均     

Neutralizing antibodies for infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in eggs of steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Neutralizing antibodies specific for infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) were isolated from eggs of spawning Steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri), using sodium sulfate precipitation. The isolated material was used in place of the primary antibody (rabbit anti-IHNV) in a protein immunoblotting assay to detect IHNV proteins specifically. The egg component that bound specifically to IHNV proteins was determined to be trout antibody by using antiserum toward trout immune globulins as the second antibody conjugate in the protein immunoblotting assay. The antibody recovered from eggs neutralized IHNV infectivity in cell culture. An average of 87.5% decrease in infectivity was observed.     

Avian infectious laryngo-tracheitis in Egypt. I. Epidemiology,virus isolation and identification

Serious outbreaks of haemorrhagic tracheitis in poultry induced by infectious laryngo-tracheitis virus (ILTV) have been recorded in Egypt for the first time. The disease occurred in different localities during late 1982 and early 1983. The associated drop in egg production ranged between 5% and 35% and there was a mortality rate which ranged from 0.05% to 19.8%. The causal virus was isolated on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of developing chicken embryos where it induced large yellowish-white pock lesions, 3–4 mm in diameter, by the fifth or sixth day post-inoculation. It was non-lethal to the inoculated embryos. It grew also with cytopathic effect (CPE) on the CER cell line. The CPE was characterized by syncytial formation and intranuclear inclusions. Chickens experimentally inoculated with the virus developed respiratory signs and 14 of 20 birds died with subsequent virus re-isolation. The isolated virus was unable to agglutinate chicken red cells and it was precipitated and partially neutralized by reference serum to ILTV. Viral antigen was detected by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique in tracheal smears obtained from naturally and experimentally infected birds. This is the first report of the isolation of ILTV in Egypt.     

Avian infectious laryngo-tracheitis in Egypt. I. Epidemiology, virus isolation and identification

Serious outbreaks of haemorrhagic tracheitis in poultry induced by infectious laryngo-tracheitis virus (ILTV) have been recorded in Egypt for the first time. The disease occurred in different localities during late 1982 and early 1983. The associated drop in egg production ranged between 5% and 35% and there was a mortality rate which ranged from 0.05% to 19.8%. The causal virus was isolated on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of developing chicken embryos where it induced large yellowish-white pock lesions, 3-4 mm in diameter, by the fifth or sixth day post-inoculation. It was non-lethal to the inoculated embryos. It grew also with cytopathic effect (CPE) on the CER cell line. The CPE was characterized by syncytial formation and intranuclear inclusions. Chickens experimentally inoculated with the virus developed respiratory signs and 14 of 20 birds died with subsequent virus re-isolation. The isolated virus was unable to agglutinate chicken red cells and it was precipitated and partially neutralized by reference serum to ILTV. Viral antigen was detected by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique in tracheal smears obtained from naturally and experimentally infected birds. This is the first report of the isolation of ILTV in Egypt.     

A bovine herpesvirus (BHV-4) as passenger virus in ethmoidal tumours in Indian cattle

A herpesvirus was isolated from tumours of the ethmoidal mucosa in two of three head of cattle in the State of Kerala, India. The virus designated M40 was cytopathic for a variety of cultured bovine and porcine cells and it did not kill suckling mice or chicken embryos. Sera from tumour-bearing cattle and goats reacted with the M40 virus. Immunofluorescence tests with FITC-conjugated IgG from a bovine monospecific antiserum to bovine herpesvirus 4 (BHV-4) stained the M40 virus specific antigen in infected cells. Experimental infection of goats with the M40 virus did not result in development of tumours. This virus is therefore considered to represent a "passenger" virus. A great similarity was found between restriction patterns of DNAs extracted from M40 virus and the strain 66-P-347, a reference strain of the BHV-4 group.     

Comparison of ciliary activity and virus recovery from tracheas of chickens and humoral immunity after inoculation with serotypes of avian infectious bronchitis virus

Cross-protection tests with homologous and heterologous serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were used to compare ciliary activity and virus recovery from tracheas of chickens. Validation of this technique included correlating the neutralization indices of antiserum obtained from some infected birds. Chickens were inoculated intratracheally with either the JMK or Connecticut (Conn) serotype of IBV. Three weeks later, infected and uninfected groups were challenged by the same route with homologous and heterologous virus. The JMK strain provided immunity against homologous challenge and the Conn strain, as indicated by good ciliary activity and lack of challenge virus recovery. The Conn strain provided only homologous protection, as ciliostasis occurred and virus was recovered after challenge with the JMK strain. In each case, antiserum to immunizing virus neutralized only the homologous virus. Controls were uniformly susceptible and lacked neutralizing antibody. A similar experiment with the Ark 99 serotype and a recent isolate (397) of IBV revealed complete cross-protection of the tracheas. Antiserum to each virus neutralized the homologous and heterologous virus in each case in reciprocal tests. The results indicate that these two viruses are closely related. The complete agreement between ciliary activity and virus isolation indicates that ciliary activity is a reliable, objective criterion upon which tracheal immunity can be judged in cross-protection tests.     

Isolation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus in a Danish swine herd and experimental infection of pregnant gilts with the virus

The first case of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in Denmark was diagnosed in March 1992 by the detection of specific antibodies against PRRS virus in serum samples originating from sows in a herd located on the island of Als. Subsequently, PRRS virus was isolated from a 200-sow farrow-to-finish herd with clinical signs consistent with PRRS. The virus was isolated by inoculation of pleural fluid from a stillborn piglet onto porcine pulmonary alveolar macrophages. The isolate was identified as PRRS virus by staining with a specific antiserum. By electron microscopy, the virus particle was found to be spherical and enveloped, measuring 45–55 nm in diameter and containing a 30–35 nm nucleocapsid. Only minor antigenic differences were found between the Danish and a Dutch isolate. Following intranasal inoculation of 3 pregnant gilts with the Danish isolate transplacental infection was demonstrated by the re-isolation of PRRS virus from approximately 45% of the piglets from the experimentally infected gilts. However, the experimental infection produced no significant reproductive disorders or other clinical signs. At autopsy, histopathological examination revealed slight interstitial pneumonia in a few piglets.