动检快讯

农业部副部长高鸿宾赴广州考察无规定马属动物疫病区建设2010年7月1日,农业部副部长高鸿宾赴广州从化市考察无规定马属动物疫病区建设情况。高鸿宾副部长强调,亚运会马术比赛是我国内地举办的第一个国际性马术运动赛事,     

广州无马病区建设得到欧盟专家高度评价

第16届亚运会将于2010年11月在广州举行。最近，欧盟派专家组对广州无规定马属动物疫病区（以下简称无马病区）建设进行了考察。日前，记者就此对农业部兽医局局长李金祥进行了专访。     

广州及其周边地区马梨形虫病血清流行病学调查

为广东从化无规定马属动物疫病区建设的顺利进行和了解周边地区马属动物马梨形虫病的存在情况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和涂片镜检的方法对广州、东莞和深圳的马属动物进行了马梨形虫病(马巴贝斯虫和驽巴贝斯虫两种虫体)的流行病学调查。结果表明,上述三个地区的马属动物均存在不同程度的马梨形虫病两种虫体的抗体,且出现同一个马场和在同一匹马同时存在两种虫体抗体的情况。对所有抗体阳性马匹进行涂片镜检未发现虫体,也未发现有马梨形虫病临床症状的马属动物。     

广州无马病区建设件得到欧盟专家高度评价

<正>第16届亚运会将于2010年11月在广州举行。最近,欧盟派专家组对广州无规定马属动物疫病区(以下简称无马病区)建设进行了考察。日前,记者就此对农业部兽医局局长李金祥进行了专访。     

广东从化无规定马属动物疫病区野鸟和蚊子分布及其西尼罗病毒感染情况调查

[目的]了解广东从化无规定马属动物疫病区野鸟和蚊子的种类、数量和分布等情况及其西尼罗病毒感染的情况。[方法]对鸟类在沿途设网抓捕取样;蚊虫采用紫外灯诱捕和网捕进行样品采集,随后利用荧光定量RT-PCR方法对西尼罗病毒进行检测。[结果]2012—2013年该地区共捕获鸟类110种381只,隶属于12目37科76属;共捕获蚊虫5种,共计3048只,其中淡色库蚊占50.66%、三带喙库蚊占32.12%、褐尾库蚊占12.99%、中华按蚊占3.61%和白纹伊蚊0.62%;对381份鸟泄殖腔棉拭子和3048份蚊子样品进行了西尼罗病毒的检测,结果均为阴性。[结论]虽然本次调查未发现鸟类及蚊子感染西尼罗病毒,但本地区存在西尼罗病毒引入以及在本地区传播的条件,存在西尼罗病毒病发生风险。因此,为继续维持广东从化无规定马属动物疫病区的无疫状态,有必要对媒介鸟类及蚊虫开展长期的调查和监测。     

广州亚运无疫区相关马病的风险分析和防控

为建设广州亚运无特定马属动物疫病区,保障广州亚运马术比赛的顺利进行,我们于2008～2010年通过对相关区域的虫媒、野生动物的种类、数量、分布和季节变化等进行调查研究,并对所采集的虫媒和野生动物样品进行相关马病的实验室检测。结果发现,广州亚运无疫区马术场及其周围区域存在一定种类数量的蚊、蝇、虻、蠓、蜱、蝙蝠、野鸟和野猪,虫媒、野生动物所涉及的日本脑炎、水疱性口炎、尼帕病毒病、亨德拉病毒病、西尼罗河热和/或伊氏锥虫病的检测结果均为阴性。我们根据上述调查及实验室检验结果,对虫媒、野生动物传播相关马病的风险进行分析,认为虫媒、野生动物传播相关马病的风险较低或很低,并根据风险评估结论有针对性的采取了以防为主、药物杀灭为辅兼顾环境治理的综合防控措施,为成功建立起我国首个无特定马属动物疫病区和保障第十六届广州亚运会马术比赛的顺利进行打下了坚实的基础。     

OIE高健康高性能赛马风险降低策略

为消除赛马临时性国际移动障碍,保障进（出）口国动物卫生状态和赛马健康状态,OIE、FEI和IFHA共同制定了高健康高性能马（HHP）概念。基于《OIE陆生动物卫生法典》生物安全等措施实施HHP风险降低策略,运维一个功能分区,将HHP马和其他马属动物隔离开来,以防止发生疫病国际性传播。在HHP标准条件下,OIE对25种重要马病传播风险进行了定性评估：17种疫病发生传播风险极低,但非洲马瘟、马流感、马传染性贫血、马梨形虫病、马鼻疽和委内瑞拉马脑炎等6种疫病仍有不同程度的传播风险,需要实施特定卫生要求,如实验室检测、治疗、免疫接种等。HHP概念为赛马临时国际移动提供了普遍适用的可行性方案,给发展中国家参与国际赛马运动提供了机遇。我国应加强马属动物疫病监测和疫情报告管理,持续推进马病无疫区（EDFZ）建设和我国HHP马匹认可工作。     

中央和省级高致病性禽流感应急预备队第一期培训班成功举办

为了推进广州亚运无规定马属动物疫病区（下称“广州亚运无疫区”）获国际认可,确保2010年第16届亚运会马术比赛成功举办,应中国农业部的邀请,欧盟于2010年1月18日至2月1日派出食品兽医办公室3名专家来华,考察了广州亚运无疫区建设和亚运会马术比赛有关动物卫生工作情况。     

我国内地首个无规定马属动物疫病区成功建成

2009年11月23日,对于广东省、2010年广州亚运会、中国兽医界乃至国际都是一个重要的日子,农业部以第1291号公告宣布广州亚运无规定马属动物疫病区(以下简称广州亚运无疫区)通过评估正式建成。广州亚运无疫     

广东从化无规定马属动物疫病区蝙蝠分布及其尼帕病毒感染情况调查

[目的]了解广东从化无规定马属动物疫病区蝙蝠的分布及其尼帕病毒感染情况。[方法]采用声频调查结合粘网捕捉和手抄网捕捉方法进行蝙蝠样品的采集,并用荧光定量PCR检测方法对采集的蝙蝠咽/肛拭子进行尼帕病毒进行检测。[结果]发现广东从化无规定马属动物疫病区的蝙蝠集群性并不明显,种群密度较低且平均,调查记录的蝙蝠大多是属于小蝙蝠亚目的食虫蝙蝠,并未发现尼帕病毒的自然宿主―狐蝠;对采集的241只蝙蝠进行尼帕病毒检测,结果均为阴性。[结论]本次调查未发现蝙蝠携带尼帕病毒,但也发现本地区存在较多数量和种类的蝙蝠,为预防和控制尼帕病毒传入及可能发生的流行,有必要开展对蝙蝠的长期监测。     

The role of indigenous wild, semidomestic, and exotic birds in the epizootiology of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease in southern California, 1972-1973.

During an epornitic of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease (VVND) in southern California, free-flying wild birds, captive and free-ranging semidomestic birds, and exotic birds were collected from the quarantine area to determine their role in the epizootiology of the disease. The VVND virus was isolated from 0.04% of 9,446 free-flying wild birds, 0.76% of 4,367 semidomestic birds, and 1.01% of 3,780 exotic birds examined. Three house sparrows and 1 crow directly associated with infected poultry flocks were the only free-flying wild birds from which VVND virus was isolated. Among semidomestic species, ducks, quail, chukars, pheasants, peafowl, pigeons, and doves were found to be infected. Psttacines, pittas, and toucans accounted for 92% of the VVND virus isolations from exotic birds. In addition, domestic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was isolated from 0.29% of the free-flying wild birds, from 1.65% of the semidomestic birds, and from 0.19% of the exotic birds collected. Hemagglutination-inhibition against domestic NDV was demonstrated in 0.24% of 3,796 wild bird serums, 8.28% of 2,004 semidomestic bird serums, and 3.90% of 231 exotic bird serums tested. Although few free-flying wild birds were infected with VVND virus in this epornitic, the isolation of domestic NDV strains from free-flying wild ducks and mourning doves suggests the potential for transportation of NDV over long distances by migratory birds.     

Genomic analysis of influenza A virus from captive wild boars in Brazil reveals a human-like H1N2 influenza virus

Influenza is a viral disease that affects human and several animal species. In Brazil, H1N1, H3N2 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza A viruses (IAV) circulate in domestic swine herds. Wild boars are also susceptible to IAV infection but in Brazil until this moment there are no reports of IAV infection in wild boars or in captive wild boars populations. Herein the occurrence of IAV in captive wild boars with the presence of lung consolidation lesions during slaughter was investigated. Lung samples were screened by RT-PCR for IAV detection. IAV positive samples were further analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRRT-PCR), virus isolation, genomic sequencing, histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Eleven out of 60 lungs (18.3%) were positive for IAV by RT-PCR and seven out of the eleven were also positive for A(H1N1)pdm09 by qRRT-PCR. Chronic diffuse bronchopneumonia was observed in all samples and IHC analysis was negative for influenza A antigen. Full genes segments of H1N2 IAV were sequenced using Illumina's genome analyzer platform (MiSeq). The genomic analysis revealed that the HA and NA genes clustered with IAVs of the human lineage and the six internal genes were derived from the H1N1pdm09 IAV. This is the first report of a reassortant human-like H1N2 influenza virus infection in captive wild boars in Brazil and indicates the need to monitor IAV evolution in Suidae populations.     

A serological survey on classical swine fever (CSF), Aujeszky's disease (AD) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus infections in French wild boars from 1991 to 1998

In early 1992, a CSF epizootic was clinically recognised in a wild boar population of approximately 1300 animals within an area of 250km(2) located in the east of France. In order to check the CSF situation in wild boars outside this area, a serological survey was carried out in the rest of France, for 8 consecutive years (1991-1998). This paper reports on the results obtained during this survey which included wild boars shot during the hunting period but also boars reared within fences. Around 1000-2700 sera a year were tested for the presence of antibodies to classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and also to Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV). Out of 12025 sera tested over the whole period, 80 wild boars were found positive for CSF antibodies. Sixty of them were collected on wild boars shot during the years 1992-1994 in the epizootic area located in east of France and 10 were collected in Corsica during the years 1994-1996. The last four positive samples were single reactors coming from areas or farms, which were thereafter confirmed to be serologically negative. These results together with the fact that no disease has been reported so far illustrate that the French wild boar population is probably not concerned by CSF infection (excepted in the east of France where the disease has now become enzootic). Two hundred and forty nine sera were initially detected as CSF positive but confirmed secondarily as positive for border disease (BD) antibodies. This finding shows that wild boars are also susceptible to infection by ruminant pestiviruses. Four hundred and twenty three wild boars have been found positive for ADV antibodies. In addition, from 1993 to 1995, 909 samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Thirty three of them were positive. The results on AD and PRRS antibody detection show that wild boars may constitute a reservoir for various infectious diseases of pigs.     

Classical swine fever virus Strain 'C'. How long is it detectable after oral vaccination?

To determine the persistence period of C-strain vaccine virus in immunized animals, domestic pigs and wild boars were vaccinated orally and killed on different days post vaccinationem (dpv). Tissue samples were taken at necropsy from both species for detection of C-strain virus. From domestic pigs nasal swabs and faeces were also collected. During the investigation period (2-12 dpv) vaccine virus could never be detected in nasal secretions and in faeces of vaccinated domestic pigs. In contrast, C-strain virus was found in organs until day 8 pv in domestic pigs and until day 9 pv in wild boars. Whereas in domestic pigs virus was detected in tonsils, Ln. mandibularis or in spleen, in wild boar it only was found in tonsils. We conclude that C-strain vaccine virus is not detectable in wild boars longer than 10-12 days after intake of the vaccine baits.     

The high prevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in wild boars in Ibaraki Prefecture,Japan

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is known as a causative agent of zoonosis and food poisoning. Pigs and some species of wild animals, including wild boar, are known to be a reservoir of HEV. In this study, we investigated the situation regarding HEV infection in wild boars in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Serum, liver and feces samples from 68 animals were collected, and the presence or absence of HEV genomic RNA and HEV antibodies were analyzed. The viral genome was detected in samples from 7 (10.3%) animals, with all HEVs classified as genotype 3, subtype 3b. HEV antibodies were detected in samples from 28 (41%) animals. This report demonstrates for the first time the high prevalence of HEV infection in wild boars in Ibaraki Prefecture.     

Surveillance of classical swine fever in wild boar in South Korea from 2010–2014

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious systemic hemorrhagic viral disease of pigs. Wild boar plays a crucial role in the epidemiology of CSF. Between 2010 and 2014, samples were collected nationwide from 6,654 wild boars hunted in South Korea. Anti-CSF antibodies were identified in 0.59% (39 of 6,654) of the wild boar samples using a virus neutralization test and were primarily detected in wild boars living close to the demilitarized zone and the area of the Taebaek Mountains surroundings. The CSF virus (subgroup 2.1b) was isolated from two wild boars captured in a nearby border area. The criteria used to define high-risk areas for targeted CSF surveillance in South Korea should be further expanded to include other regions nationwide.     

A survey of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome among wild boar populations in Korea

No information is currently available on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Korea. In this study, the status of PRRS in wild boars was investigated. Blood samples were collected from 267 wild boars from eight provinces in Korea. Four of the samples tested (1.5%) were positive for PRRSV antibodies and eight (3.0%) were positive for antigens. Of the virus-positive samples, three and five samples were typed as containing European (EU, type 1) or North American (NA, type 2) viruses, respectively. Two amplicons (one from type 1 and one from type 2) were used to analyze the PRRSV open reading frame 7 (ORF7) sequence. The nucleotide sequences of type 1 PRRSV ORF7 had identities between 96.1% and 98.4% with PRRSVs from domestic pigs in Korea. The sequences of type 2 PRRSV ORF7 had identities of 100% with the PRRSV strain VR-2332, which was prototypic North American strain. These results show that PRRSVs are present in wild boars in Korea, and effective PRRSV surveillance of the wild boar population might therefore be useful for disease control.     

Classical Swine Fever Virus Strain ‘C’. How Long is it Detectable After Oral Vaccination?

To determine the persistence period of C‐strain vaccine virus in immunized animals, domestic pigs and wild boars were vaccinated orally and killed on different days post vaccinationem (dpv). Tissue samples were taken at necropsy from both species for detection of C‐strain virus. From domestic pigs nasal swabs and faeces were also collected. During the investigation period (2–12 dpv) vaccine virus could never be detected in nasal secretions and in faeces of vaccinated domestic pigs. In contrast, C‐strain virus was found in organs until day 8 pv in domestic pigs and until day 9 pv in wild boars. Whereas in domestic pigs virus was detected in tonsils, Ln. mandibularis or in spleen, in wild boar it only was found in tonsils. We conclude that C‐strain vaccine virus is not detectable in wild boars longer than 10–12 days after intake of the vaccine baits.     

Health evaluation of free-ranging and captive blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva) in the Gran chaco, Bolivia.

Bolivia has a total of 47 species of Psittacidae, seven of which have been identified in our study site, the semiarid Gran Chaco of the Isoso. One species, the blue-fronted parrot (Amazona aestiva), is frequently captured by local Isose?o Guaraní Indians for exploitation on the national and international market. These birds are often temporarily housed in small villages under unhygienic conditions with poultry and other domestic species. On occasion, these parrots escape back to the wild. Additionally, many of these birds are kept as pets or are used to lure wild. parrots within slingshot range for subsequent capture. In this study, we evaluated the health status, including the level of exposure to selected infectious agents, in the wild-caught captive birds and free-ranging birds. Physical examinations were performed, and blood was collected, from 54 live birds (20 captive and 34 free-ranging). Feces were collected from 15 birds (seven captive and eight free-ranging). Necropsies were also performed on four recently dead wild-caught birds. On serologic testing, no birds were found to have antibodies to avian influenza virus, Chlamydophila psittaci, infectious bronchitis virus, infectious bursal disease virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, Marek's disease virus, paramyxovirus-1, paramyxovirus-2, paramyxovirus-3, polyomavirus, eastern equine encephalitis virus, western equine encephalitis virus, or Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Positive antibody titers were found for psittacine herpesvirus (8/44, 18.2%), Aspergillus spp. (3/51, 5.9%), and Salmonella pullorum (33/49, 67.3%). All three of the birds that tested antibody positive for Aspergillus spp. were captive, whereas six of the eight and 15 of the 33 birds that tested positive for psittacine herpesvirus and S. pullorum, respectively, were wild.     

First reports of Trichinella pseudospiralis in wild boars (Sus scrofa) of Italy

Trichinella pseudospiralis is a non-encapsulated species infecting both mammals and birds. In Italy, this parasite was reported only in two night-birds of prey of Central Italy. In January 2010, Trichinella larvae were detected in three wild boars (Sus scrofa) of two regions of Northern Italy by enzymatic digestion. The parasites were identified as T. pseudospiralis by multiplex-PCR. The first infected wild boar was hunted in the Emilia Romagna region and the other two infected wild boars were bred outdoors in a small family farm of the Friuli Venezia Giulia region. These new epidemiological data reinforce the role of the wild boar as the main reservoir of T. pseudospiralis in Europe.