卵黄抗体最佳灭活方法的确立

自Klemperer于1983年首次报道鸡蛋中存在抗体以来，进一步研究证明鸡蛋内的抗体主要存在于卵黄内，称为卵黄抗体（egg yolk immunoglobulins简称IgY）。卵黄抗体以IgG占优势，而IgA和IgM的含量极低。近20年来国内外学者对卵黄抗体的制备和应用做了大量的研究。由于卵黄IgG的制备成本非常低，卵黄抗体已越来越广泛地用于许多疾病的防治。但是，用于生产卵黄抗体的鸡蛋多来自普通蛋鸡，用其制备的卵黄抗体可能带有某些卵传性病原，如禽脑脊髓炎、禽白血病、网状内皮组织增生症、减蛋综合征、支原体病等。使用这些卵黄抗体，甚至是精制的IgY进行疾病防治的同时，可能造成上述疾病的传播和扩散。本试验用3种低浓度的甲醛对混有禽脑脊髓炎病毒的禽流感-H9高免卵黄抗体在不同温度下，作用不同时间，进行灭活处理，以期建立一种对卵黄抗体的有效灭活方法。     

卵黄抗体研究进展

卵黄抗体(IgY)指母鸡所产蛋的蛋黄中含有的免疫球蛋白.自1893年Klemperer首次报道鸡蛋中存在抗体以来,卵黄抗体的研究不断深入,目前在卵黄抗体的形成、生物学特性等方面已研究的比较清楚,并且卵黄抗体作为诊断试剂和防治药物的研究愈来愈受到关注.     

免疫鸡卵黄抗体研究进展

卵黄抗体(IgY)指从免疫禽蛋中提取出的针对特定抗原的抗体。自1893年Klemperer首次报道鸡蛋中存在抗体以来，卵黄抗体的研究不断深入，目前在卵黄抗体的形成、生物学特性等方面已研究得比较清楚，并且卵黄抗体作为诊断试剂和防治药物的研究愈来愈受到关注。本文就免疫鸡卵黄抗体的研究进展作一综述。     

卵黄抗体的提取方法

自从 18 93年Klemperer首次报道鸡蛋中存在抗体以来 ,科学家们对各种抗原 (细菌、病毒等 )引起的产蛋鸡产生特异性抗体 ,并可被选择性转移到卵黄中进行了许多研究。结果发现蛋黄中抗体以IgG占优势 ,而IgM和IgA的含量很少。现已证明了免疫鸡的蛋是提供特异性IgG抗体的最方便、最廉价的来源。1　卵黄抗体的性质IgY的命名一直是一个有争议的问题。在 2 0世纪 6 0年代 ,Tenenhouse曾认为正常鸡IgG与哺乳动物IgA相似。但随着科学研究发展 ,Leslie等分析了鸡体内免疫球蛋白的成分。鸡卵黄免疫球蛋白G抗体是一种TS球蛋白 ,命名为IgY。目前…     

缩胆囊素／脲酶双效卵黄抗体在生猪生产中的应用

缩胆囊素主动免疫家禽,产生卵黄抗体,而卵黄抗体不仅能够有效治疗猪的肠道疾病,同时还能够避免饲料中添加抗生素或某些化学合成药物所引起的药物残留和耐药性问题。它具有绿色、高效、环保特点,作为替代抗生素的新型饲料添加剂正吸引着人们的眼球,已成为可以利用的热点产品。缩胆囊素／脲酶双效卵黄抗体具有以上优势的同时,还可以改善环境。在这一期主题策划里,我们推荐《缩胆囊素／脲酶双效卵黄抗体在生猪生产中的应用》与读者分享。     

牛支原体P48蛋白卵黄抗体的制备

为了研究牛支原体P48抗原蛋白的免疫学功能及相应卵黄抗体的生物学特性,探究其抗体效价随免疫时间的变化规律,试验采用牛支原体P48蛋白疫苗免疫健康产蛋母鸡,定时采血并收集鸡蛋,用水稀释法结合硫酸铵盐析法制备特异性卵黄抗体,利用间接ELISA法检测血清抗体(IgG)和卵黄抗体(IgY)效价。结果表明,低、中、高剂量组均能诱导蛋鸡产生有效免疫应答,血清抗体效价与卵黄抗体效价的变化趋势基本一致,但卵黄抗体的产生滞后于血清抗体,在首次免疫后8~10周Ig Y效价达到峰值,其中中剂量组的免疫效价最高,最高效价为1:212。经SDS-PAGE检测,制备所得的纯度达86%以上,得率在8.6 mg/m L以上。说明采用牛支原体P48蛋白免疫蛋鸡可制备高效价、高纯度的抗牛支原体P48蛋白卵黄抗体,从而为卵黄抗体在牛支原体的检测与防控方面的研究奠定了基础。     

鸭坦布苏病毒冻干高免卵黄抗体的研制

本研究用鸭坦布苏病毒病灭活苗三次免疫SPF蛋鸡,收取高免鸡蛋,制备成冻干高免卵黄抗体;用鸡胚中和试验和间接ELISA方法进行效价检测。试验结果显示,第3次免疫后2周,卵黄抗体中和效价为1∶103.5,4、5周达到最高值1∶104.5;间接ELISA方法检测冻干前后的抗体效价结果均为阳性;对鸭坦布苏病毒强毒的攻毒保护率达100%,可为鸭坦布苏病毒的防控提供一种有效的冻干高免卵黄抗体制剂。     

卵黄抗体的特性、应用及开发前景

在为家禽行业寻找抗生素添加剂的替代品的过程中,我们不应该忽略这个事实:家禽机体本身可产生抵抗疾病的抗体。这些抗体最初存在于蛋黄中,如何有效应用这些抗体作为抗生素添加剂的替代品?卵黄抗体的开发前景如何?本文试对卵黄抗体作一综合阐述。     

卵黄抗体冻干制剂及其制备方法

本发明提供了卵黄抗体的冻干制剂，包括二联或多价卵黄抗体冻干制剂。所述卵黄抗体冻干制剂的制备方法是：制备细菌或病毒免疫原，用于免疫非免疫产蛋鸡，收集该被免疫鸡所产鸡蛋，从其卵黄中提取出针对该免疫原的卵黄抗体；利用酸化蒸馏水去除上述卵黄中的脂类，再用少量氯仿去除残余不溶性物质，     

ELISA法检测种蛋卵黄中禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒抗体的研究

为研究种蛋卵黄中禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒(REV)抗体的检测方法,运用IDEXX公司的REV抗体ELISA检测试剂盒,比较了不同提取方法、不同稀释倍数、不同洗液对卵黄中REV抗体检测结果的影响。结果显示:当用直接提取的卵黄液做300倍稀释检测,用含0.05%吐温-20的蒸馏水洗涤时,卵黄抗体的S/P比值与相应鸡群的血清抗体的S/P比值吻合度最高。应用本方法分别对50枚SPF种蛋和50枚普通鸡蛋进行检测,SPF种蛋均为REV抗体阴性;普通鸡蛋有4枚为REV抗体阳性,阳性率为8%。实验表明,种蛋卵黄ELISA抗体检测法可以代替传统血清抗体检测,为SPF鸡群的REV感染监测奠定了基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Observations of fracture of the anconeal process of the ulna of swine

Fractures of the anconeal process of 5 pigs ranging in age from 4 to 8 months were studied radiographically and histologically. Clinically, animals with a fracture of the anconeal process had a "tight," restricted gait. In pigs at 4.5 months of age, a radiolucent line through the base of the anconeal process was composed of fibrocartilage, fibrous connective tissue, and hyaline cartilage. Subperiosteal proliferation of woven bone was located along the cranial surface of the olecranon, adjacent to the base of the anconeal process. In older animals, the radiolucent line through the anconeal process contained variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue and fibrocartilage. The proliferation of subperiosteal bone at the base of the anconeal process formed a "buttress callus" which retained a radiolucent area between the callus and the proximal surface of the anconeal process. The latter region of radiolucency was continuous with the transversely oriented line that traversed the base of the anconeal process.     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.