中甸牦牛mtDNA ND6和COⅢ基因遗传多样性及系统进化分析

为了解中甸牦牛的遗传多样性,使其遗传资源能够得到合理开发利用,本研究对中甸牦牛15个个体mtDNA ND6基因和COⅢ基因全序列进行测定,使用MEGA5.0、DNASP5.0、Clustal X1.83等软件分析了核苷酸多样性、单倍型多样性等遗传多样性指标。结果表明:(1)中甸牦牛ND6基因全序列长528bp,4种核苷酸T、A、G、C的平均含量为20.8%、42.2%、7.6%、29.4%,存在一定的碱基组成偏倚性;COⅢ基因全序列长度为781bp,4种核苷酸T、A、G、C的平均比例为29.2%、26.1%、15.2%、29.5%。(2)在15个中甸牦牛个体的ND6基因序列中均未发现单倍型及变异位点,表明中甸牦牛mtDNA ND6基因的遗传多样性较为贫乏;在COⅢ基因序列中发现了3个单倍型,4个变异位点,其中2个转换,2个颠换。(3)在构建的系统进化树中,中甸牦牛首先与麦洼牦牛等家牦牛聚为一类,说明其属于家牦牛,其次与野牦牛聚为一类,说明中甸牦牛与野牦牛亲缘关系较近;由遗传距离分析可知,中甸牦牛与野牦牛距离最小,与亚洲水牛距离最大。此结果进一步支持了将牦牛和野牦牛划分为牛亚科牦牛属的观点。     

早胜牛遗传多态性与母系遗传背景分析

[目的]为评价和挖掘早胜牛遗传资源及种质资源,开展了早胜牛母系遗传背景及分子遗传特性研究。[方法]以早胜牛mtDNA D-Loop区为标记位点,对基因组DNA进行了PCR扩增和测序;以8个中国地方黄牛品种和5个引进品种的mtDNA D-Loop区核苷酸序列为对照,分析了核苷酸多态位点、核苷酸多样性、单倍型数等遗传多态性指标,构建了系统发育树。[结果]早胜牛及其杂交类群mtDNA D-Loop区富含A和T,检测到80个核苷酸变异位点,存在转换、颠换、转换和颠换共存3种突变类型,且以转换为主;界定了59个单倍型,其中8个共享单倍型,51个特有单倍型;我国地方黄牛分为两大支系,多数与非洲瘤牛、欧洲普通牛聚为一类,少数与印度瘤牛聚为一类;与其他地方黄牛品种相比,早胜牛及其杂交类群与秦川牛的亲缘关系最近。[结论]早胜牛及其杂交类群mtDNA D-Loop区核苷酸变异丰富,群体变异程度较高,与秦川牛的亲缘关系最近。     

新疆塔什库尔干牦牛mtDNA Cytb基因和D-Loop区遗传多样性及系统进化分析

为探究塔什库尔干牦牛的遗传多样性和起源进化关系,本研究通过测定和分析塔什库尔干牦牛10个个体细胞色素b基因(Cytb)和D-loop区全序列,分析多态性及构建系统进化树。结果表明:塔什库尔干牦牛Cytb基因全序列长度为1 140bp,4种核苷酸T、A、G、C的平均比例分别为27.72%、33.21%、12.92%、26.15%;在10个个体中鉴定出3种单倍型,3个变异位点,全部为转换,单倍型的多样性(Hd)为0.378,核苷酸的多样性(Pi)为0.00 205;D-loop区序列全长在890～910bp之间,4种核苷酸T、A、G、C的平均比例分别为26.12%、34.22%、25.27%、14.39%,共统计出36个SNP位点,其中转换11个,颠换21个,缺失3个,其单倍型多样性(Hd)为0.778,核苷酸多样性(Pi)为0.00 839。在基于Cytb基因的系统进化树中,塔什库尔干牦牛首先与巴州牦牛、青海牦牛聚为一类,之后与西藏牦牛、野牦牛聚为一类;在D-loop区的系统进化分析中,塔什库尔干牦牛则先与麦洼牦牛、大通牦牛聚为一类,之后与西藏牦牛、野牦牛聚为一类,展示出丰富的遗传多样性,同时进一步支持了牦牛和野牦牛划为牛亚科牦牛属的观点。     

西藏牦牛mtDNA cytb基因的序列多态性及其系统进化分析

为从分子水平上探究西藏牦牛类群的亲缘关系、分类地位和遗传多样性,本研究测定了嘉黎牦牛、桑桑牦牛、桑日牦牛、工布江达牦牛、斯布牦牛、帕里牦牛、康布牦牛、江达牦牛、类乌齐牦牛、丁青牦牛、巴青牦牛等11个西藏牦牛类群共110头牦牛的细胞色素b基因全序列,分析了其多态性,并构建了11个类群的系统进化树.结果表明:11个西藏牦牛类群的细胞色素b基因全序列长均为1140 bp,共有单倍型53种,其中新发现的有49种,序列间共有14个SNPs多态位点,核苷酸变异类型包括转换和颠换,无插入和缺失,以同义突变为主,说明西藏牦牛具有较丰富的遗传多样性.西藏11个牦牛类群可分为:帕里牦牛系、江达牦牛系、巴青牦牛系、桑日牦牛系、类乌齐牦牛系等5大系.     

西藏牦牛mtDNA-Cytb及ZFY基因遗传多样性与系统进化分析

为进一步了解西藏牦牛的遗传多样性及系统进化关系,通过对申扎、斯布、类乌齐和帕里4个西藏牦牛类群的mtDNA-Cytb基因及ZFY基因部分序列进行克隆及序列分析。结果表明:(1)西藏牦牛Cytb基因全长1 140 bp,共发现SNP位点13个,核苷酸多样性(Pi)为0.00315, Tajima's D值为0.41410(P0.10),共检出7种单倍型,单倍型多样性(Hd)为0.709;(2)ZFY基因第11外显子长596 bp,筛查出SNP位点22个,Tajima's D值为0.78287(P0.10),发现3种单倍型,核苷酸多样性和单倍型多样性分别为0.001066和0.2976;(3)聚类分析及核苷酸同源性分析显示,西藏牦牛与家牦牛的核苷酸同源性最高,与美洲野牛及欧洲野牛的核苷酸同源性次之,与水牛及非洲水牛的核苷酸同源性最低。研究结果表明,西藏牦牛遗传多样性较丰富,进一步支持将西藏牦牛及家牦牛划为牛亚科中独立牦牛属的观点,及牦牛的原始祖先来自于亚欧大陆东北部的观点。     

中甸牦牛mtDNA Cytb基因遗传多样性及系统进化分析

为从分子水平上探究中甸牦牛的遗传多样性和起源进化关系,本研究通过测定和分析中甸牦牛15个个体细胞色素b基因(Cytb)全序列,分析多态性及构建系统进化树。结果表明,中甸牦牛Cytb基因全序列长度为1 140bp,T、A、G和C含量分别为26.3%、31.8%、13.1%和28.8%;在15个个体中鉴定出3种单倍型,3个变异位点,其中2个转换、1个颠换,单倍型多样性(Hd)为0.2571,核苷酸多样性(Pi)为0.00035。系统进化树中,中甸牦牛首先与野牦牛聚为一类,之后与美洲野牛聚为一类,说明中甸牦牛与野牦牛和美洲野牛的亲缘关系较近、遗传相似性高,而与其他牛属的遗传相似性相对较低。遗传距离分析结果发现,中甸牦牛和野牦牛的遗传距离最近,结合分子生物学、古生物学等学科知识进一步支持了牦牛和野牦牛划为牛亚科牦牛属的观点。     

玉树牦牛与四个牦牛群体线粒体DNA D-Loop区遗传多样性分析

利用线粒体DNA标记方法从分子水平上研究牦牛的遗传多样性。根据牦牛线粒体DNA(mtDNA)序列设计引物,扩增出长度为1 000 bp左右的片段,序列对比分析。结果表明:mtDNA D-Loop区长度为945 bp,共发现变异位点127个,单倍型71个,单倍型多样度(Hd)为0.909±0.016,核苷酸多样性(pi)为0.082;其中玉树牦牛发现变异位点74个,单倍型27个,单倍型多样度(Hd)为0.885±0.034,核苷酸多样性(pi)为0.0134;申扎牦牛单倍型多样度、核苷酸多样性和平均核苷酸差异数均最高;5个牦牛群体D-Loop区序列具有一定的A/T碱基偏好性。玉树牦牛不遵循中性进化(P0.05),其余4个牦牛群体符合中性进化(P0.05);玉树牦牛与类乌齐牦牛和帕里牦牛的遗传距离较近(0.023、0.018),申扎牦牛与斯布牦牛的遗传距离最远(0.533)。发现玉树牦牛与其余4个群体的牦牛在同一个分支。斯布牦牛和申扎牦牛群体出现两个分支,说明玉树牦牛在进化的过程中可能不存在相互交流的情况。     

中国西南马mtDNA ND4基因遗传多样性研究

本研究旨在分析mtDNA ND4基因在中国西南马的遗传多样性.对中国西南马6个品种(类群)142个个体的线粒体DNA ND4基因部分序列进行PCR-SSCP和序列分析.结果表明,拼接后的西南马mtDNA ND4基因序列大小为679 bp,A+T含量(55.7%)高于G+C含量(44.3%).共检测到11个核苷酸变异位点,这些变异位点可归纳为6种单倍型.核苷酸平均多样度为0.638%,表明受试西南马mtDNA遗传多样性并不十分丰富.对各单倍型进行聚类分析,结果提示中国西南马起源于2个母系祖先.     

青海省门源白牦牛mtDNA D-loop区遗传多样性及母系起源

为从分子水平上探究青海省门源白牦牛的母系遗传多样性及遗传背景,本研究对31头门源白牦牛线粒体DNA(mtDNA)D-loop区序列进行测定和比对分析,确定其多态位点和单倍型数目,计算核苷酸多样度、单倍型多样度及平均核苷酸差异数大小,并构建系统发育树。结果表明,门源白牦牛mtDNA D-loop区序列长度为892～896bp,排除5处插入/缺失后共发现38处多态位点,包括24处单一变异位点和14处简约信息位点;依据序列间核苷酸变异共确定了13种单倍型,单倍型多样度为0.901±0.030,核苷酸多样度为0.006±0.004,平均核苷酸差异数为5.17,提示门源白牦牛具有较丰富的母系遗传多样性。以普通牛为外群,邻接法(NJ法)构建的系统发育树结果显示,13种单倍型分为明显的2个分支,表明门源白牦牛有2个母系起源。综上所述,本研究结果表明门源白牦牛具有较丰富的母系遗传多样性,由2个母系遗传分支组成,具有2个母系起源。     

庆阳驴mtDNA D-loop区遗传多样性及起源分析

【目的】研究庆阳驴养殖群体的遗传多样性与母系起源,了解其遗传信息,为保护庆阳驴种质资源、选育和遗传改良工作提供理论依据。【方法】随机选取133头庆阳驴,对其线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)D-loop区序列进行PCR扩增、测序及比对,并探讨庆阳驴的遗传多样性与母系起源。【结果】在获得的520 bp D-loop碱基序列中,AT含量(57.3%)高于GC含量(42.8%),表现出碱基的偏倚性;检测到38个变异位点,包含8个碱基对的转换;其核苷酸多样性(Pi)、单倍型多样性(Hd)、平均核苷酸差异(K)分别为0.01591、0.895和8.274,与欧洲家驴和中国家驴研究的平均值相比较低,说明该驴品种核苷酸变异较为贫乏。庆阳驴mtDNA D-loop区存在35个单倍型,单倍型之间的遗传距离为0.002～0.042。系统进化结果显示,庆阳驴存在2个线粒体支系,表明其具有2个母系起源,且遗传距离表明,庆阳驴与克罗地亚家驴之间的遗传距离较近。【结论】本研究从分子水平初步揭示庆阳驴核苷酸变异比较贫乏,杂交程度高,mtDNA遗传多态性正逐步丧失,应加强庆阳驴品种的遗传资...     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.     

Micronutrient Content of Certain Tropical Conventional and Unconventional Feed Resources of Southern India

The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Southern Ethiopia

A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian, were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.2%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples, Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%, Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area.     

不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。     

Microsporidial keratopathy in two dogs

A microsporidial keratopathy is described in two dogs. Both dogs presented with a unilateral stromal keratopathy characterized by multifocal coalescing opacities, and the diagnosis was made on histopathologic examination of keratectomy specimens. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded corneal tissue was performed in one dog, and the morphologic features were consistent with Nosema species infection. Both dogs were initially diagnosed and treated by superficial keratectomy. One dog received additional antifungal medication and underwent a penetrating keratoplasty following local recurrence two years later. No other systemic lesions attributable to the microsporidial infection were identified clinically. The clinical and diagnostic pathology findings, treatment, and follow‐up are discussed.