光谱分析技术在饲料检测中的应用

光谱分析技术包括紫外分光光度法、近红外光谱分析法、原子吸收法等。近年来随着饲料产业的发展,该技术在饲料检测检验中应用十分广泛,对于饲料分析检测具有很强的实用价值。围绕光谱分析技术在饲料检测中的应用,对几种常用光谱分析技术的特点进行了分析。     

基于支持向量机算法的近红外光谱判别分析在畜产品供应链中的应用

近红外光谱(NIR)技术已经在许多行业的定量和定性分析中广泛应用,而支持向量机(SVM)算法由于具有经验风险最小、防止过拟合、适于非线性分析等特点,开始逐步应用于近红外光谱分析领域。本文主要介绍了支持向量机,特别是最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)算法的特点,综述其在近红外光谱技术鉴别饲料原料、饲料产品、主要畜产品(肉、蛋、奶)种类和品质等非线性指标中的应用,同时分析了基于支持向量机算法的近红外光谱技术在未来饲料在线分析、低检测限成分的定性和定量分析,以及光谱信息数据提取算法改进等方面的研究趋势。     

近红外光谱分析技术在饲料检测领域的应用研究

试验立足于饲料检测技术应用现状,介绍一种新型饲料检测技术—近红外光谱分析技术(NIRS)。介绍近红外光谱分析技术的基本概念、发展历程及技术优缺点,近红外光谱分析技术在饲料检测领域的应用现状,近红外光谱分析技术在饲料检测领域的发展趋势。     

近红外透射技术在鱼粉质检中应用初探

饲料检验的快速简便以及检测绿色化是目前和以后的要求和发展方向,也是HACCP计划中迫切需要的验证方法。近红外(漫反射、透射)分析技术正是能满足上述需求的理想检验方法,其在粮谷作物和植物性饲料方面的应用较广泛,但在动物性饲料方面的检测报道极少。本研究选用近红外透射(NIT)分析技术,用其穿透能力较强、快速简便的特点来分析和判断鱼粉的品质,试图在鱼粉品质快速检测方面作一些有益的探索与同行人员共同将NIT技术的应用范围不断扩展。1主要仪器与试剂Infratec1255-001型近红外透射仪(NIT仪),光栅扫描型,850-1048nm(瑞典TECATO…     

近红外光谱分析技术及其在饲料中的应用

近红外反射光谱分析技术(NIRS)正在以产业链的方式应用于多个领域,它可以快速高效地测定样品中的化学组分和物化性质。近年来,近红外光谱技术尤其是在线分析的应用有了显著的发展,本文就近红外光谱分析技术的原理及在饲料中的应用研究进行了介绍。     

近红外法与传统法对饲料中营养成分测定的对比分析

牧区放牧绵羊在越冬期间因牧草枯乏且营养价值低而导致采食量减少。适时为羊群进行补饲,可保证羊群安全越冬。运用常规检测法和近红外分析技术对高寒牧区羊群所补饲的饲料分别进行干物质、粗灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪等8项营养指标的检测,验证近红外分析技术与实验室传统检测方法的结果是否吻合。试验结果:分别利用传统检测方法和近红外分析技术测定9个饲料样本中的干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗灰分、钙、磷等指标,其结果均无显著差异(P>0.05),表明传统方法和近红外分析方法的检测结果基本吻合,同时也证明近红外分析技术可用于饲料成分测定及分析。     

近红外光谱技术在粗饲料分析中的应用现状

近红外光谱分析技术(NIRS)具有快速、准确、成本低的特点,因此,受到普遍关注。近红外光谱分析技术应用于饲料行业不仅有利于饲料质量控制体系的建立,也有利于即时监控饲料品质。本文综述了近红外光谱技术在粗饲料领域的研究现状。     

光谱分析技术在饲料检测中的应用

综述光谱分析技术在饲料检测中的应用现状。重点介绍了紫外可见分光光度法、近红外光谱法、原子吸收光谱法、氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法的基本原理、特点和应用进展。     

饲料企业近红外规模化应用关键控制点

近红外光谱分析技术在我国饲料行业已经得到了广泛应用,大型饲料企业普遍配备了近红外光谱分析设备并在实际应用中取得了良好的经济效益。本文从饲料行业的需求出发,从设备选择、预测模型建立、预测结果评价、网络化管理等多方面阐述了规模化应用近红外光谱分析技术的控制要点并对近红外在饲料行业应用前景进行了展望。     

近红外光谱分析技术及其在饲料检测中的应用

近红外光谱是近年来发展最快的光谱学技术,以其快速、无损、不污染环境等诸多优点在饲料和产品检测方面得到广泛应用。文章就近红外光谱分析技术原理、分析过程、影响近红外光谱分析技术准确性因素及其在饲料检测中的应用作一简述。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.