猪伪狂犬病的综合防制

伪狂犬病又称奥叶士奇病,是由伪狂犬病病毒引起的多种家畜和野生动物的一种高度接触性、急性传染病。猪是该病的主要宿主和传染源,感染仔猪出现发热、腹泻、呼吸困难、肌肉震颤、麻痹,母猪出现繁殖障碍等症状,给养猪业造成了巨大的损失。猪伪狂犬病是严重危害养猪业的重要疫病之一,国内外众多学者对其进行了大量研究,建立了多种诊断与鉴别方法,研制了不同类型的疫苗。本文对该病的病原学、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断和防控方面的研究进展做一综述,重点介绍了猪伪狂犬病的诊断与抗原、抗体检测方法。     

猪伪狂犬病诊断技术的研究进展

猪伪狂犬病是严重危害养猪业的重要疫病之一。随着养猪业规模化、产业化和集约化的发展,该病在我国多个省市均有报道。近年猪伪狂犬病在多个种猪场呈流行暴发趋势,使我国养殖业受到巨大的经济损失,打击了养殖户的积极性。国内外众学者对其进行了大量研究,建立了多种诊断与鉴别诊断方法,为猪伪狂犬病的防治提供了相关依据。本文对猪伪狂犬病的病原学、临床症状、流行以及诊断方法进行了相关论述,其中主要对诊断方法进行了介绍,可以对该病的防治提供相关理论依据。     

猪伪狂犬病的诊断与防控净化

伪狂犬病是由伪狂犬病病毒引起的多种家畜和野生动物共患的一种烈性传染病。猪是该病毒的自然宿主,该病具有高度传染性,可造成种猪繁殖障碍、仔猪早期大量死亡、商品猪生长迟滞,给养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。文章从猪伪狂犬病的病原学、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断、防控措施及净化等方面对猪伪狂犬病进行了较全面的阐述,以期为该病防控与净化工作提供参考。     

猪伪狂犬病诊断技术研究进展

猪伪狂犬病是由猪疱疹病毒1型所引起的猪、羊、牛等多种家畜及野生动物的一种以发热、奇痒(猪除外)、脑脊髓炎为主要症状的急性传染病。各种年龄的猪都易感,且流行广泛,严重制约了养猪业的发展。猪伪狂犬病临床上常与猪圆环病毒病、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征以及猪细小病毒病等常见的猪病毒病混合感染,且临床症状较为相似。目前该病的诊断技术主要有临床诊断方法、病原学诊断方法、免疫学诊断方法及分子生物学诊断方法等。近年来随着科学技术的迅猛发展,灵敏度高、特异性强的分子生物学诊断技术越来越受人们重视。本文针对该病最新的诊断技术进行综述,以期为猪伪狂犬病的防治提供参考。     

猪伪狂犬病的诊断及综合防治

猪伪狂犬病(Pseudorabies,PR)是一种由伪狂犬病毒引起的急性传染病。本病在养猪业中具有难诊断、误诊率高、危害大等特点。随着我国养猪业的快速发展,猪伪狂犬病已经成为影响养猪业健康发展的一种常见疾病。本文着重从发病机理、临床症状、诊断方法、综合防治等方面对该病进行了简要分析和阐述,并提出了具体的技术措施。     

猪伪狂犬病的诊断及综合防控措施

伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)属于疱疹病毒科,α-疱疹病毒亚科,可感染多种家畜及野生动物,其中猪最易感。该病自1902年发现以来,已在全球范围内流行,给养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失,成为危害养猪业的主要传染病之一.本文通过对猪伪狂犬病简介、诊断方法、分子生物学特征、致病机理等方面介绍,总结出猪伪狂犬病的综合防控措施,以供同行参考。     

猪伪狂犬病的诊断与综合防制

猪伪狂犬病(pseudorabies,PR)是由伪狂犬病病毒引起的多种家畜和野生动物共患的一种烈性传染病.猪是该病毒的天然宿主和贮存者.该病具有高度传染性,易在猪群间不断传播,给养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失,严重制约着我国养猪业的健康发展.因此,预防、控制、净化和根除该病是我国当前面临的一项艰巨任务.从流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、防制等方面对猪伪狂犬病进行了较全面的阐述,以期为今后防控该病提供参考.     

猪伪狂犬病的简介与净化

正伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)属于疱疹病毒科,α-疱疹病毒亚科,可感染多种家畜及野生动物,其中猪最易感。该病自1902年发现以来,已在全球范围内流行,给养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失,成为危害养猪业的主要传染病之一。本文通过对猪伪狂犬病简介、诊断方法、分子生物学特征、致病机理等方面介绍,总结出猪伪狂犬病的综合防控措施及净化要点,以供同行参考。1伪狂犬病简介1.1病原伪狂犬病病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV;     

关于猪伪狂犬病防治的探讨

猪伪狂犬病（Pseudorabies,PR）,又称Aujeszky氏病,是由伪狂犬病病毒引起多种家畜的一种以发热、奇痒、脑脊髓炎为主要特征的高度接触性传染病。仔猪和其他易感动物一旦感染该病,死亡率极高,常给养猪业造成巨大的经济损失。文章介绍了猪伪狂犬病的临床症状、病理变化及诊断方法,并提出了具体的防治措施,以供同行参考。     

猪伪狂犬病的诊断与防治

正猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂犬病病毒引起家畜和野生动物的一种急性传染性疾病。猪是该病的主要宿主和传染源,感染仔猪出现发热、腹泻、呼吸困难、肌肉震颤、麻痹、共济失调;母猪出现繁殖障碍,给养猪业造成了巨大的损失。本文对该病的病原学、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断和防控作一介绍。该病发病无明显季节性,近几年发病率升高,已成     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.     

Micronutrient Content of Certain Tropical Conventional and Unconventional Feed Resources of Southern India

The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Southern Ethiopia

A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian, were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.2%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples, Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%, Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area.     

不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。     

Microsporidial keratopathy in two dogs

A microsporidial keratopathy is described in two dogs. Both dogs presented with a unilateral stromal keratopathy characterized by multifocal coalescing opacities, and the diagnosis was made on histopathologic examination of keratectomy specimens. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded corneal tissue was performed in one dog, and the morphologic features were consistent with Nosema species infection. Both dogs were initially diagnosed and treated by superficial keratectomy. One dog received additional antifungal medication and underwent a penetrating keratoplasty following local recurrence two years later. No other systemic lesions attributable to the microsporidial infection were identified clinically. The clinical and diagnostic pathology findings, treatment, and follow‐up are discussed.