山羊痘病毒的分离与鉴定

对贵州省2002年以来发生的疑似山羊痘病例样品进行了病毒的分离与鉴定。取山羊痘病羊的皮肤痘疹和水疱作待检病料,接种BHK-21传代细胞盲传3代后,出现了明显的、规律的细胞病变(CPE),病毒细胞培养物在F4代以后,能与山羊痘标准阳性血清在琼脂扩散试验中出现白色沉淀线,而与正常细胞的培养物及PBS不出现沉淀线;参照GenBank上山羊痘病毒P32基因序列,设计了1对特异性引物,对现场分离毒株进行PCR扩增,可扩增出963bp特异性的DNA条带。用待检病料感染的BHK-21细胞培养物接种9日龄鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜,随着传代次数的增加,痘斑病变的出现率从13.3%～20%上升至33.3%～40%;用山羊痘病变皮肤、鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜和感染细胞进行超薄切片,在电子显微镜下可以观察到典型的山羊痘病毒粒子。     

山羊痘病毒NM株的分离鉴定

从内蒙古牛场疑似山羊痘病毒感染的病羊中分离到1株病毒,命名为NM株。取病羊的皮肤痘疹和水疱作病料样品,分别接种BHK-21传代细胞和10日龄SPF鸡胚。结果表明,BHK-21细胞出现了明显的、规律的细胞病变,鸡胚接种部位出现了明显的痘斑;NM株细胞毒和胚毒均能够被山羊痘病毒阳性血清所抑制。利用1对山羊痘病毒特异性检测引物对NM株病毒进行PCR扩增,获得445 bp片段,与预期大小一致。将扩增产物提纯后克隆至pMD18-T载体,经酶切鉴定正确后,对阳性克隆株进行序列测定,结果表明,NM株的基因片段与已发表的山羊痘病毒毒株的相应基因片段具有高度同源性,同源性在99.2%~100%之间。     

绵羊痘病毒山东流行株的分离鉴定与T4肽基因序列分析

从山东东营疑似绵羊痘病羊的肺脏组织中分离到1株病毒。取疑似绵羊痘病羊组织病料研磨、冻融、离心后分别接种11日龄SPF鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜和牛睾丸继代细胞,鸡胚接种部位出现明显的痘斑;牛睾丸细胞出现聚集、变圆等明显的细胞病变。利用1对绵羊痘病毒T4肽基因特异性引物进行了PCR扩增,获得与预期大小一致的约300 bp的片段。将所得序列与GenBank收录的绵羊痘病毒、山羊痘病毒等毒株相关序列进行比较分析。结果表明,该分离株与国外其他绵羊痘病毒株具有较高的同源性,达97.4%～99.3%;与山羊痘病毒株同源性为96.4%。通过试验初步证明所分离的病毒为绵羊痘病毒,并将该毒株命名为绵羊痘病毒DY株。     

山羊痘活疫苗临床免疫效果观察

1材料与方法 1.1主要试剂和器材山羊痘琼扩抗原和阳性血清、山羊痘野生强毒、山羊痘参考阳性抗原,兔抗山羊痘高免血清,山羊痘标准阴性血清,其他常见动物病血清以及山羊痘反向间接血凝诊断液由贵州大学动物医学院提供,山羊痘抗体检测也在贵州大学动物医学院进行.     

山羊痘病流行情况及防治措施

山羊痘病是由痘病毒科羊痘病毒属中的山羊痘病毒引起山羊的急性、热性、接触性传染病.其特征是在皮肤与某些部位的粘膜出现痘疹和水疱、呼吸困难、流粘液性或脓性鼻液.呈地方性流行.2002年7月首次在我县田庄乡黄金综合养殖场爆发,并迅速漫延至周边15个乡镇,发病羊只3.2万只,死亡1.01万只,死亡率达31.6%,直至2005年底,山羊痘疫情给我县的经济损失累积达2 010万元.     

羊痘的治疗及预防方法分析

羊痘属于接触性皮肤传染病,由痘病毒引发产生,属于急性热性病症.羊痘的病发包括两种类型,其一为绵羊痘、其二为山羊痘.集中于羊口鼻眼位置,同时还会出现在少毛或者无毛的皮肤区域.羊痘一旦暴发,羊口鼻眼等位置会表现出明显的水泡或者丘疹等. 1 羊痘流行病学与传播途径研究 1.1 流行病学 羊痘虽然分为两种类型,但是绵羊痘、山羊痘相互之间并不会出现传染现象.相较于山羊痘来讲,易感染的为绵羊痘.绵羊痘病毒所表现出的症状也会比山羊痘所表现出的症状更严重.羊痘病毒在无干预情况下,正常环境甚至能存活8周之久.痘疱浆汁中所包含的羊痘病毒最多,甚至在结痂位置,病毒能够存活数年,这方面是预防关注的关键点.蚊虻等会加速羊痘病毒的传播速度.成年羊相对来讲抵抗力比较强,感染羊痘病毒后的死亡率比较低,幼类羊则抵抗力低,感染后的死亡率比较高.     

羊痘的诊断与防治

正羊痘包括绵羊痘和山羊痘,绵羊痘是各种家畜痘病中危害最为严重的一种急性、热性、接触性传染病,其特征是病羊皮肤和黏膜出现特异性的痘疹;山羊痘较少见,常侵害个别羊群,传染慢,症状和病变与绵羊痘相似,病势较轻。加强饲养管理,采取严格引进措施和防检疫措施,可有效防止疫病发生。1病原病原为痘病毒科的绵羊痘病毒和山羊痘病毒,山羊痘是山羊痘病毒引进的一种急性接触性传染     

羊痘的流行病学特征及其诊治

<正>羊痘是由羊痘病毒引起的一种急性、热性、高度接触性、传染性疫病,危害极为严重,可造成羊死亡、流产等。羊痘病毒是亲上皮病毒,大量存在于病畜皮肤和黏膜的丘疹、脓疮及鼻黏膜分泌物内。羊痘主要临床特征为病羊皮肤和黏膜上出现痘疹、水疱疹,在无毛或少毛的部位如眼唇等出现丘疹及红斑。羊痘病可分为绵羊痘病和山羊痘病,绵羊痘病比山羊痘病发病快速。自然条件下,绵羊痘和山羊痘不发生交叉感染,即绵羊痘病毒只感染绵羊,山羊痘病毒只感染山羊。随着养羊业的快速及规模化发     

春季谨防羊痘的发生

羊痘包括绵羊痘和山羊痘。侵害绵羊的为绵羊痘．侵害山羊的为山羊痘，山羊、绵羊互不传染，绵羊比山羊更容易感染。绵羊痘是由绵羊痘病毒引发。是多种家畜痘病中危害最严重的一种急性、热性、接触性传染病，具有典型病理过程．以在无毛或少毛的皮肤和黏膜上发生特征性痘疹为特征。山羊痘的病原为山羊痘病毒．该病较少见．其临床症状和病理变化与绵羊痘相似．但症状较轻．     

小反刍兽疫病毒和蓝舌病病毒多重荧光RT-LAMP鉴别检测方法的建立及应用

旨在建立一种可视化多重荧光RT-LAMP方法用于检测小反刍兽疫病毒和蓝舌病病毒的核酸,并初步应用于小反刍兽疫和蓝舌病临床样品的检测。比对GenBank中小反刍兽疫N基因和蓝舌病NS3基因保守区域,设计2套LAMP引物,在每条内引物FIP的5′端标记荧光基团。对反应条件进行优化,验证方法的特异性、灵敏度和干扰性,同时应用该方法检测168份临床样品。结果表明,该方法对小反刍兽疫病毒和蓝舌病病毒高度特异,与口蹄疫病毒、鹿流行性出血热病毒、牛瘟病毒、山羊痘病毒等其他反刍动物病毒均无交叉反应,检测灵敏度为200 copies/μL,干扰性小,可同时检测两个不同浓度的模板。对168份样品的检测结果显示,小反刍兽疫病毒的感染率为3.6%,蓝舌病病毒的感染率为13.1%,无两种病毒混合感染;与荧光RT-PCR方法相比,此多重荧光RT-LAMP方法敏感性为91.7%～100%,特异性为100%。表明建立的多重荧光RT-LAMP可快速、准确地检测小反刍兽疫病毒和蓝舌病病毒,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.