环形泰勒虫主要膜蛋白的研究进展

环形泰勒虫病是由蜱传播引起的一种血液原虫病,为世界各国公认的危害养牛业最重要的寄生虫病之一.环形泰勒虫各发育阶段表面抗原是防制本病的研究基础,目前已经鉴定和正在研究的环形泰勒虫表面抗原有子孢子表面抗原、裂殖体表面抗原、裂殖子表面抗原及热休克蛋白等,它们不但具有很好的免疫原性,而且具有很重要的生理功能,可作为药物靶点和疫...     

新疆托克逊部分地区牛环形泰勒虫感染情况调查

为了解2014-2016年托克逊县部分地区牛环形泰勒虫病的感染情况,采用血液涂片法对托克逊县4个乡疑似牛环形泰勒虫的835例进行病原学检测,并分析各年龄段和不同地区牛环形泰勒虫的感染情况。结果表明,该疫区2014-2016年牛环形泰勒虫阳性率为49.46%(413835);4个乡均不同程度感染牛环形泰勒虫,其中伊拉湖乡牛环形泰勒虫阳性率最高,为53.80%(99/184)。不同年龄段牛环形泰勒虫感染无显著性差异。调查结果为托克逊地区环形泰勒虫病的防控提供了参考。     

小亚璃眼蜱源性牛环形泰勒虫裂殖子表面抗原(Tams1)基因检测及同源性分析

针对牛环形泰勒虫裂殖子表面抗原(Tams1)基因设计特异性引物,对提取的奶牛全血DNA和小亚璃眼蜱组织DNA进行环形泰勒虫病原的PCR扩增,并对PCR产物进行克隆、测序和同源性分析。结果显示,血源性和小亚璃眼蜱蜱源性环形泰勒虫Tams1基因序列大小分别为534bp和546 bp,经NCBI BLAST后发现,血液源性环形泰勒虫与环形泰勒虫印度株同源性为99%,而蜱源性环形泰勒虫与环形泰勒虫意大利株有99%的同源性,表明新疆地区存在环形泰勒虫不同株型的流行。     

环形泰勒虫裂殖体表面蛋白基因PCR诊断方法的建立简

为寻求一种快速灵敏的环形泰勒虫病PCR检测方法,基于环形泰勒虫裂殖体表面蛋白（Theirelia annulata surface protein,TaSP）基因序列保守区设计特异性引物,通过PCR技术扩增出该基因长为393 bp的高免疫原性区片段。用该引物对环形泰勒虫、中华泰勒虫、瑟式泰勒虫、尤氏泰勒虫、吕氏泰勒虫、绵羊泰勒虫、马泰勒虫、驽巴贝斯虫、牛巴贝斯虫基因组模板进行特异性试验,对环形泰勒虫基因组模板进行梯度稀释后扩增,以确定试验的敏感性,同时用本试验建立的方法与常规显微镜镜检方法对150份血清样品进行检测。特异性试验结果显示,在被检测的9个样本中,只有环形泰勒虫基因组模板中扩增出了符合大小的特异核苷酸片段;敏感性试验结果表明,PCR对环形泰勒虫的扩增效率可达到10^-10;通过对150份血清样品的检测,并与血涂片方法进行比较,结果显示PCR方法具有特异性强、敏感度高等特点,适用于牛环形泰勒虫病的检测。     

奶牛焦虫病的预防和治疗

奶牛焦虫病是由寄生于奶牛细胞内的巴贝氏焦虫或环形泰勒焦虫引起的急性、季节性血液原虫病。笔者对其病原、传播途径、症状及病程、诊断、防制进行了简述，并提出了治疗方法。     

治疗难孕奶牛的几点体会

牛泰勒焦虫病是由泰勒科,泰勒属的各种焦虫寄生于牛网状内皮细胞和红细胞内引起的疾病.又称血孢子虫病.最常见危害最大的是环形泰勒焦虫,环形泰勒焦虫分布广,黄牛、水牛均可感染,呈地方流行,但在金州区环形泰勒焦虫多发生于奶牛。2007年7月18日城区内八里村宋某饲养的4头奶牛其中1头患有环形泰勒焦虫。     

奶牛焦虫病的预防和治疗

奶牛焦虫病是由寄生于奶牛细胞内的巴贝氏焦虫或环形泰勒焦虫引起的急性、季节性血液原虫病.笔者对其病原、传播途径、症状及病程、诊断、防制进行了简述,并提出了治疗方法.     

牛泰勒焦虫病的诊洽

牛泰勒焦虫病是由泰勒科,泰勒属的各种焦虫寄生于牛网状内皮细胞和红细胞内引起的疾病.又称血孢子虫病.最常见危害最大的是环形泰勒焦虫,环形泰勒焦虫分布广,黄牛、水牛均可感染,呈地方流行,但在金州区环形泰勒焦虫多发生于奶牛.2007年7月18日城区内八里村宋某饲养的4头奶牛其中1头患有环形泰勒焦虫.     

牛泰勒焦虫病的诊疗

牛泰勒焦虫病是由泰勒科泰属的焦虫引起的牛血孢子虫病。其病变特征为泰勒焦虫性结节形成与坏死,病畜发生全身出血、毒血症和重要器官严重损伤与机能障碍而死亡。一、病原与病因病原是由环形泰勒焦虫引起,环形泰勒焦虫的传播者是璃眼蜱。焦虫在蜱体内繁殖:蜱的幼虫或     

牛泰勒焦虫病的诊疗

牛泰勒焦虫病是由泰勒科泰属的焦虫引起的牛血孢子虫病。其病变特征为泰勒焦虫性结节形成与坏死,病畜发生全身出血、毒血症和重要器官严重损伤与机能障碍而死亡。一、病原与病因病原是由环形泰勒焦虫引起,环形泰勒焦虫的传播者是璃眼蜱。焦虫在蜱体内繁殖:蜱的幼虫或     

我国羊泰勒虫病及其基因工程疫苗研究进展

羊泰勒虫病是由羊的泰勒虫引起的绵羊和山羊的一种蜱传性血液原虫病.疫苗预防是控制和根除羊泰勒虫病的一种最安全、有效的方法.然而我国目前还没有任何预防羊泰勒虫的疫苗,疫苗的研制还处于抗原基因筛选阶段.论文就目前羊泰勒虫病及其基因工程疫苗的研究进展进行综述,并对其未来的发展趋势进行展望.     

Isolation of Haemophilus somnus antigens and their use as vaccines for prevention of bovine thromboembolic meningoencephalitis

Antigens extracted from Haemophilus somnus were examined for their suitability as vaccines for prevention of thromboembolic meningoencephalitis and as antigens in immunologic tests for detection of susceptible cattle. Saline extraction of whole H somnus cells produced an outer membrane complex (OMC) that contained 2 major antigens when tested against antiserum to intact cells by immunoelectrophoresis. Anion exchange chromatography was used to separate an anionic antigen (AA) from the more cationic antigen (CA). According to chemical analysis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, both AA and CA were complex mixtures--probably, outer membrane fragments. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM against AA and CA in cattle vaccinated with whole cells, OMC, CA, or AA. Protection of vaccinated cattle was assessed after IV challenge exposure to H somnus. Moderate IgG and IgM responses occurred when cattle were given 2 vaccinal doses of 0.1 mg or 1.0 mg of whole cells, OMC, or AA. Two of 10 cattle given 2 vaccinal doses (1.0 mg) of OMC died after IV challenge exposure, whereas 8 of the 10 controls died, indicating significant protection (P less than 0.05). All of the 10 cattle given 2 vaccinal doses (1.0 mg) of AA were protected from IV challenge exposure, whereas 5 controls died (P less than 0.05). Two vaccinal doses of either 0.1 mg or 1.0 mg of CA produced high IgG and IgM responses. However, 3 of 10 cattle given 2 vaccinal doses (1.0 mg) of CA died after IV challenge exposure, as did 3 of the 10 controls, indicating that CA was not protective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Efficacy of viral components of a nonabortigenic combination vaccine for prevention of respiratory and reproductive system diseases in cattle

Efficacy and safety of components of an IM-administered vaccine for prevention of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV), parainfluenza type-3 (PI-3) virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections and campylobacteriosis and leptospirosis were evaluated in cattle, including calves and pregnant cows. Challenge of immunity tests were conducted in calves for IBRV, PI-3 virus, or BVDV vaccinal components. All inoculated calves developed serum-neutralizing antibodies and had substantially greater protection (as measured by clinical rating systems) than did controls after challenge exposure to virulent strains of IBRV, PI-3 virus, BVDV, or RSV. In in utero tests, IBRV or bovine RSV vaccinal strains were inoculated into fetuses of pregnant cows. Histologic changes or abortions did not occur after fetal inoculation of the RSV vaccinal strain, and 10 of 14 fetuses responded serologically. Of 9 fetuses, one responded serologically to the IBRV vaccinal strain after in utero inoculation and was aborted 3 weeks later. In an immunologic interference test, 10 calves vaccinated with 2 doses of the multivalent vaccine, containing the 4 viral components and a Campylobacter-Leptospira bacterin, developed serum-neutralizing antibodies to IBRV, PI-3 virus, BVDV, and RSV without evidence of serologic interference. Under field conditions, 10,771 cattle, including 4,543 pregnant cows, were vaccinated. Vaccine-related abortions did not occur.     

Immunogenicity and safety of an attenuated Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine in pigs

The immunogenicity and safety of an attenuated Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine for swine atrophic rhinitis (AR) was evaluated in 22 hysterectomy-produced, colostrum-deprived pigs and 18 conventional pigs. None of 8 pigs inoculated at 7 days of age intranasally with greater than or equal to 3 X 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU) of vaccinal strain/pig and 2 of 5 pigs inoculated at 7 days of age intranasally with 3 X 10(4) CFU of the vaccinal strain/pig developed AR after intranasal challenge exposure with a virulent strain at postinoculation week (PIW) 3. The remaining 3 vaccinated pigs and 4 nonvaccinated pigs developed AR. Thirteen pigs were inoculated intranasally with 3 X 10(6) to 3 X 10(9) CFU of the vaccinal strain at 7 days of age. At PIW 12, the pigs were killed and necropsied. None of the pigs had clinical signs of AR and/or pneumonia. Virulence was studied by transmission of vaccinal strain through 3 serial growing passages on the nasal mucosa of a litter of hysterectomy-produced colostrum-deprived pigs. Inoculum (nasal swab samples from 2 pigs 4 days after inoculation with 10(8) CFU of vaccinal strain at 5 days of age) was inoculated into the nasal cavity of 2 nonvaccinated pigs. This procedure was repeated 3 times. After the 1st passage, the vaccinal strain was recovered on postinoculation day 4, but after postinoculation day 4, the vaccinal strain was not recovered until the end of the 3rd passage. Turbinate atrophy or pneumonia was not recognized in these inoculated pigs. The vaccinal strain provided immunogenicity without ill effects.     

Vaccination of newborn pigs with an attenuated strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus.

Clinical signs of transmissible gastroenteritis were not observed in newborn pigs orally inoculated with the high-passaged vaccinal transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TO-163 strain). Vaccinal viral multiplication in digestive tract of newborn pigs fed colostrum before inoculation and kept at 21 to 22 C was diminished, but was not diminished in those fed colostrum and kept at 10 to 11 C. Other groups of newborn pigs inoculated with the attenuated vaccinal virus and kept at 18 to 22 C or at 31 to 34 C were challenge exposed with virulent intestinal virus on the 1st, 2nd, . . ., or 6th postinoculation (PI) days. In the groups kept at 18 to 22 C, 2 of 7 inoculated pigs challenge exposed with virulent virus on the 3rd PI day, 4 of 7 pigs exposed on the 4th PI day, and all of the pigs exposed on and after the 5th PI day survived the exposure. In the groups kept at 18 to 22 C, the attenuated vaccinal virus was distributed mainly in the respiratory organs and lymphatic tissues. On the contrary, in the groups kept at 31 to 34 C, all of the pigs died in 2 to 5 days after challenge exposure, and the attenuated vaccinal virus was scarcely detected in any of the pigs.     

水貂肠炎病毒分子检测技术与基因工程疫苗研究进展

水貂肠炎病毒（MEV）是一种自主复制性的最小的动物DNA病毒。研究表明，MEV是引起水貂病毒性肠炎的病原体，能够引起水貂剧烈腹泻，具有较高的发病率和死亡率。随着对水貂肠炎病毒研究的不断深入，目前已经在病毒病原学、结构与非结构蛋白、感染机制、诊断与疫苗防控等方面取得很大进展。文章主要针对MEV分子检测新技术与基因工程疫苗等方面进行了综述。     

Investigation of possible vaccine-induced epizootics of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, using restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA

Viral DNA was extracted from each of 14 modified-live (ML) bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccines, representing all of the ML infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) vaccines licensed by the US Department of Agriculture for use in cattle. Restriction endonucleases Pst I and Bgl II were used to establish restriction enzyme patterns for the vaccinal viruses. Viral DNA from isolates obtained from 6 field samples of IBRV (1 from Colorado, 1 from West Virginia, 3 from Wisconsin, 1 from South Dakota) were digested with restriction endonucleases, and patterns were compared to evaluate the role of vaccinal virus in these field epizootics of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. Animals from which field samples were obtained had been vaccinated with ML IBRV vaccine before the epizootic of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis occurred in the herds. In 2 of the 6 field samples, DNA restriction endonuclease analyses patterns from the isolates were indistinguishable from the pattern for the vaccinal viruses used. In the remaining 4 field samples, DNA restriction endonuclease analyses patterns of the IBRV from isolates were different from those of the vaccinal viruses.     

Leptospiral vaccines: immunogenicity of protein-free medium cultivated whole cell bacterins in swine

Swine serologically negative for anti-Leptospira antibodies were given 2 doses of a pentavalent vaccine (3 weeks between doses) prepared from Leptospira serovars canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, hardjo, pomona, and grip-potyphosa (0.2 mg/serovar/dose). Leptospires used for vaccinal production were cultivated in a protein-free medium or in a bovine albumin-containing medium. All vaccinated swine had demonstrable antibody titers within 1 week of the initial vaccination. Peak microscopic agglutination titers were between 256 and 1,024 after the 2nd vaccinal dose was given. After challenge exposure with serovar canicola, control swine had titers of at least 13,653 and the vaccinated swine had titers of 3,403 to 8,192, depending on the vaccine. Leptospiremia and kidney infections were not detected in any canicola Moulton immunized swine, but did appear in control swine. The Al(OH)3 adjuvant had no obvious influence of any of the vaccinal titers.     

Molecular characterization of MG isolates using RAPD and PFGE isolated from chickens in Brazil

In the present study, 27 primers were screened under different cycles by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. Mathematical models were used for analysis of the genetic relationships among strains, including vaccinal, reference strains and nine field isolates previously characterized as Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG)F by RAPD and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The PFGE was considered as laborious, expensive and time-consuming than RAPD method. These methods improved the typeability for epidemiological studies of MG with regard to differentiation from vaccinal and field strains.