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动物卫生工作,一般指为增进动物健康、预防疾病,改善和创造合乎动物需求的生产环境、生活条件所采取的动物个体的和社会的动物卫生措施。因此,企业(个人)是在从事动物饲养、屠宰及动物产品生产、经营、加工、贮藏活动过程中动物及动物产品卫生安全的管理人,是保证动物及动物产品卫生安全的责任主体。 相似文献
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动物产地检疫是动物检疫的源头和基础,是动物检疫工作中的点,也是动物检疫工作的重中之重。动物产地检疫也就是到场、到户、到指定地点的检疫,是动物检疫监督的重要环节和第一道关口,是防控动物疫病发生和传播的基础性工作。加强动物产地检疫工作,对防止动物疫病通过流通扩散、健全动物疫情和畜产品安全追溯体系、维护公共安全等方面很重要。随着社会经济迅速发展,我州动物及动物产品流通日益频繁,动物产地检疫已经显示出极为重要的作用。 相似文献
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<正>1动物疫病监测的基本概念动物疫病监测是动物疫病预防控制中心,根据《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》、《重大动物疫情应急条例》、《动物疫情报告管理办法》的规定,为保证动物、动物产品的卫生质量,促进社会公共卫生安全,依照国家和行业卫生标准的要求,对动物和动物产 相似文献
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所谓动物福利就是让动物在健康、快乐的状态下生存。其标准包括动物无任何疾病,无行为异常,无心理紧张压抑和痛苦等。其基本原则包括,让动物享有不受饥渴的自由,生活舒适的自由,生活无恐惑和悲伤感的自由以及表达天性的自由。按国际公认标准,动物被分为农场动物、实验动物、伴侣动物、工作动物、娱乐动物和野生动物。当前广为普及的集约 相似文献
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村级动物防疫员是指由乡村聘用,承担着行政村动物防疫工作的人员。村级动物防疫员是动物疫病防控体系的基础,承担动物强制免疫、动物疫情监测、畜禽饲养情况统计、畜禽标识加挂、动物产地检疫和免疫档案建立等工作,任务重、责任大。经过几年的努力,本县村级动物防疫员的管理、业务技术、经费保障和工作条件等都得到加强和提高,但在新形势下,村级动物防疫员的管理面临许 相似文献
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实验动物在科学研究和相关产业生产的地位十分重要,实验动物机构是保证动物质量和动物实验质量的重要单位,必须规范好员工、设施、环境、管理和运作等相关过程,才能保证实验动物质量以及动物实验的准确性。本文依照《中华人民共和国实验动物管理条例》和《黑龙江省省实验动物管理办法》的要求,并结合实际工作经验对实验动物的饲养与管理进行分析、总结。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1 材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5~ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2 结果和讨论2 .1 睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果 见表 1。表 1 獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标 μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管… 相似文献
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Fractures of the anconeal process of 5 pigs ranging in age from 4 to 8 months were studied radiographically and histologically. Clinically, animals with a fracture of the anconeal process had a "tight," restricted gait. In pigs at 4.5 months of age, a radiolucent line through the base of the anconeal process was composed of fibrocartilage, fibrous connective tissue, and hyaline cartilage. Subperiosteal proliferation of woven bone was located along the cranial surface of the olecranon, adjacent to the base of the anconeal process. In older animals, the radiolucent line through the anconeal process contained variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue and fibrocartilage. The proliferation of subperiosteal bone at the base of the anconeal process formed a "buttress callus" which retained a radiolucent area between the callus and the proximal surface of the anconeal process. The latter region of radiolucency was continuous with the transversely oriented line that traversed the base of the anconeal process. 相似文献