鸡大肠杆菌多价灭活苗的研制及应用

用分离的鸡大肠杆菌地方致病菌株与大肠杆菌标准菌株制备细菌悬液,细菌含量大于1.8×1010 个/mL,用 4 mL/L 浓度的甲醛溶液作用12 h,灭活后加入佐剂,制备鸡大肠杆菌多价灭活苗,免疫接种 10 日龄健康雏鸡,15 d后进行攻毒试验。结果表明,鸡大肠杆菌多价灭活苗的保护率可达98%。田间应用,鸡群产蛋期月死淘率由 1.5%~3%下降到0.5%~0.8%。     

鸡新城疫病毒的分离鉴定与交叉免疫保护试验

为了评价疫苗免疫保护效果,进而筛选出最佳的免疫方案,将分离到的鸡新城疫病毒(Newcas-tle disease virus,NDV)流行毒株制备成灭活疫苗进行交叉免疫保护试验研究。把采集到的疑似发生新城疫的病鸡肺、气管环等组织经处理后接种10日龄SPF鸡胚进行病毒的分离和增殖,并用血清学和分子生物学方法进行毒株的鉴定;用分离到的NDV/Chicken/TC/1/2011毒株制成油乳剂灭活苗,与La Sota疫苗以不同的疫苗组合免疫SPF鸡,进行交叉免疫保护试验。结果显示,共分离到9株新城疫病毒,其F蛋白裂解位点的氨基酸均为112 R-R-Q-K-R-F117,表现为强毒株的分子特征,与致病指数结果一致。分离株灭活苗组和分离株灭活苗+La Sota弱毒苗对试验鸡的免疫保护力最高,其次是La Sota灭活苗+La Sota弱毒苗和LaSota灭活苗,La Sota弱毒苗对试验鸡的免疫保护力最低。NDV分离株与疫苗株La Sota存在明显抗原性差异,这将对新城疫疫苗的发展和疾病控制策略制定至关重要。     

羊黑疫单价疫苗的研制及免疫家兔血清抗体测定

从青海省海北州海晏县同宝村绵羊急性死亡病例中分离到一株B型诺维梭菌,利用该分离菌株(TB05)和B型诺维制苗菌株(C61-4)所产毒素经甲醛灭活,分离株加入氢氧化铝胶、磷酸铝胶及明矾佐剂,制苗株(C61-4)加入磷酸铝胶佐剂制备成羊黑疫单价疫苗,对该疫苗分别进行了安全性检验、家兔免疫试验及血清抗体效价测定试验。结果表明,B型诺维梭菌菌液用5%甲醛72 h即可灭活;家兔皮下注射5 m L该疫苗,观察期内无不良反应,安全性良好。家兔免疫试验表明,分离株氢氧化铝苗、磷酸铝苗及明矾苗0.1 m L免疫组免疫21d后,保护力分别为200、200、100 MLD(家兔最小致死量)、0.5 m L组免疫组保护力均为200 MLD,(C61-4)菌株磷酸铝苗0.1 m L免疫组免疫21d后,保护力低于100 MLD、0.5 m L组免疫组保护力为100 MLD。免疫家兔血清抗体测定结果表明,分离株氢氧化铝苗、磷酸铝苗及明矾苗0.1 m L免疫组免疫21 d后,0.1 m L血清中和力分别为300、200、100 MLD(小鼠最小致死量)、0.5 m L组免疫组0.1 m L血清中和力分别为400、300、300 MLD;(C61-4)磷酸铝苗0.1 m L和0.5 m L免疫组免疫21 d后,0.1 m L血清中和力均为100 MLD。上述试验结果表明,用该地方分离株制备的磷酸铝单价疫苗免疫效果优于C61-4株羊黑疫磷酸铝苗。     

嗜水气单胞菌重庆WL3-X2分离株灭活疫苗对大鲵的免疫保护效果的研究

为评估重庆地区分离的嗜气单胞菌WL3-X2分离株对大鲵的免疫原性,本研究将嗜水气单胞菌WL3-X2分离株经福尔马林灭活,作为免疫原,通过腹腔注射途径间隔2周两次免疫健康大鲵,并检测其体内血清抗体、溶菌酶、补体C3及其免疫保护效应。结果显示,免疫嗜水气单胞菌灭活菌能够显著提高大鲵血清抗体滴度、溶菌酶活性和补体C3含量,首免35 d后这3项指标均达到峰值。此外,对初免4周后的大鲵经肌肉注射0.2 m L浓度为1.0×10~8 cfu/m L剂量的嗜水气单胞菌WL3-X2分离株,进行攻毒保护试验。结果表明,免疫组的相对免疫保护率为66.7%。本研究结果表明,嗜水气单胞菌地方分离株灭活菌对大鲵具有显著免疫保护效力,可以作为大鲵预防嗜水气单胞菌感染的候选疫苗。     

鸡大肠杆菌单价灭活油苗的制备和保护效果观察

为了制备鸡大肠杆菌单价灭活油苗,试验采集疑似大肠杆菌病鸡的肝脏,培养分离及鉴定鸡大肠杆菌,并测定其油苗性状、免疫效价、攻毒保护等。结果表明:用于制作灭菌油苗的菌液适宜浓度为100亿~200亿个/m L;单价灭活油苗制作简便、周期短、性状稳定、黏度适宜;用养殖场分离的菌株制备单价灭活油苗,血清型对号,免疫效果较为理想,可大大增强鸡体抗大肠杆菌的能力。     

重组禽流感二价灭活疫苗（H5+H7）有效抑制H7N9亚型禽流感病毒在鸡肺脏中的复制

从2013年至2017年上半年,H7N9亚型流感病毒已经引发五波疫情,且出现高致病性变异毒株。禽流感为高度接触性传染病,通过气溶胶进行传播的风险性较高。为探究H7N9亚型禽流感病毒能否在经H5+H7二价灭活苗免疫鸡的肺脏中有效进行复制,本研究选取H5+H7二价灭活苗对2周龄SPF鸡以0.3m L/只的剂量进行免疫,并在免疫14 d测定抗体滴度后以H7N9亚型禽流感病毒对免疫组与空白组SPF鸡点眼滴鼻方式攻毒,3d后剖杀采集肺脏进行病毒分离鉴定,结果显示免疫鸡肺脏中不含H7N9亚型禽流感病毒,而空白组SPF鸡能分离鉴定出H7N9亚型禽流感病毒。重组禽流感二价灭活苗(H5+H7)能有效抑制H7N9亚型禽流感病毒在鸡肺脏中的复制。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒灭活疫苗的制备及攻毒保护研究

为研究现用猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)CV777疫苗毒株对流行毒株的免疫保护效果,以RTPCR进行PEDV CV777疫苗株、JS12流行株S基因克隆测序,进行PEDV S基因核酸序列分析与氨基酸序列分析。分别以转瓶工艺与细胞悬浮培养工艺培养Vero E6细胞,制备PEDV CV777株转瓶灭活苗与悬浮灭活苗。分别以PEDV转瓶灭活苗、悬浮灭活苗、PEDV流行株组织灭活苗(JS12株)产前30d免疫经产母猪;母猪产仔后14d进行仔猪攻毒保护试验。核酸序列分析显示,PEDV CV777株S基因与流行毒株的相似性在96.4%~99.7%之间,氨基酸序列相似性在96.7%~99.5%之间。转瓶工艺制备PEDV抗原效价为107.0 TCID50/mL,悬浮培养制备PEDV抗原效价为108.5 TCID50/mL。攻毒保护试验显示,悬浮灭活苗免疫母猪后,仔猪有2/10发病,保护率为8/10,转瓶灭活苗组发病率为8/10,保护率仅为2/10;组织灭活苗组9/10发病;对照组10头全部发病。该试验证明,提高PEDV CV777株的抗原含量,能够有效提高疫苗对PEDV流行毒株的保护效果。     

某鸡场大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及自家灭活苗免疫效果检测

在四川某肉鸡场采集临床上疑似大肠杆菌与沙门氏菌混合感染的病死鸡的心血、肝脏,进行细菌分离,并对分离菌进行形态观察、生化试验、致病力测定、16S r RNA测序及自家灭活苗免疫效果检测。结果显示:分离出的两株细菌一株为致病性大肠杆菌,一株为沙门氏菌;用自家灭活苗免疫1个月后,大肠杆菌平均凝集效价为1∶63.67,沙门氏菌为1∶48,具有良好的免疫效果。     

鸡致病性大肠杆菌油乳剂灭活苗的制备

从一鸡场患病鸡体内分离出1株鸡致病性大肠杆菌,将分离的菌株扩增、灭活,制备成油乳剂灭活苗。对灭活苗进行物理性状、安全性、保护力等检验,确认合格后,对鸡场进行免疫,效果良好。该油乳剂灭活苗对本场鸡有较好的保护作用。     

新城疫分离株疫苗免疫保护试验

用经过鉴定的新城疫病毒分离株按国家兽医生物制品质量标准制备油乳剂灭活疫苗，与标准的La Sota疫苗分别免疫带有新城疫母源抗体的白来航鸡，免疫后每7d采血监测新城疫抗体，并于免疫后21，28，35d用鸡新城疫分离毒和F48E9分别进行人工感染试验。结果显示，分离株灭活苗对鸡新城疫分离株的免疫保护效力优于La Sota灭活苗。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.