大胆创新 先行先试 积极探索区域净化工作模式

按照国家对上海市提出的要求,上海市借鉴国际先进经验,将风险评估等新技术创新引人疫病净化实践中,积极探索区域净化工作模式,通过两年多的实践,上海市崇明区奶牛布鲁氏菌病和结核病(以下简称“两病”)区域净化示范区建设工作取得初步成效。     

上海市崇明区奶牛布鲁氏菌病和结核病区域净化流动性监管

2016年,上海市农业委员会启动崇明奶牛"两病"(布鲁氏菌病和结核病)区域净化示范区建设。崇明区动物卫生监督部门对奶牛"两病"区域净化实行了流动性监管,通过丰富基础信息、延长监管链条、拓宽监管范围等措施,有效克服了传统静态监管的难点,实现了对奶牛的全追溯管理。2017—2018年,未出现奶牛调运违规现象,"两病"筛查阳性率继续维持零检出。此模式可为全国其他地区"两病"的区域净化提供参考。     

上海市金山区奶牛两病监测检疫及净化措施

通过试管凝集试验和PPD皮内变态反应试验对上海市金山区两家奶牛场监测检疫,了解和掌握养殖场奶牛布氏杆菌病和结核病的感染情况,并结合养殖场现实情况分析出有针对性的净化措施,为实现“两病”单场净化奠定基础。     

基于改良德尔菲法构建奶牛场布鲁氏菌病半定量风险评估指标体系

半定量风险评估是采用定量与定性分析相结合方式进行的风险评估。为规范福建省奶牛场和各级动物疫病防控机构开展奶牛场布鲁氏菌病（简称“布病”）风险评估，提供一套科学、规范、操作性强的奶牛场布病风险评估方法，参照世界动物卫生组织（WOAH）风险评估的原则和步骤，通过文献查阅，收集专家经验，拟定各种奶牛场布病传入和场内传播风险因素，生成电子问卷后，邀请国内44位兽医流行病学领域或实践管理经验丰富的专家，采用改良的德尔菲专家咨询法，对风险因素进行风险赋值，并确定传入风险与场内传播风险的权重，同时征求修改意见和建议，经综合分析后建立了一套实用的奶牛场布病半定量风险评估方法，以期为福建省控制和净化布病，建立奶牛布病无疫小区提供规范性的技术依据和实用工具。     

一起检疫阳性奶牛结核病的紧急流行病学调查

2014年12月,上海市某奶牛场部分奶牛结核病检疫阳性。为查明疫病发生情况,评估病原传入和传出相关风险,采用现场紧急流调的方式对该奶牛场进行了奶牛结核病的暴发调查。结果共有2只奶牛符合本调查的牛结核阳性病例定义。本次暴发可能来源于奶牛场原有的漏检动物,或近期引进未经检疫的奶牛。定性风险分析表明,该奶牛场通过易感动物和车辆器具传入和传出疫病的风险高,通过粪污和本场动物间传播的风险高。     

广州市动监所开展奶牛“两病”监督检查

<正>2014年4月24日,广州市动物卫生监督所组织工作人员到白云区燕海奶牛有限公司开展奶牛"两病"检疫监督检查工作。一直以来,广州市非常重视广大消费者的饮奶安全,严把奶牛"两病"检疫关,为有效控制和净化广州市奶牛"两病",做好人畜共患病的防控工作,保障广州市奶业健康发展。当天,督查人员听取了奶牛场负责人在防控奶牛     

江西开展动物疫病净化工作的经验和思考

<正>为提高农户养殖效益,从源头防控动物疫病,减少疫病对生猪、奶牛产业带来的风险。2009年本省启动了种猪场猪瘟、猪伪狂犬病和奶牛场布鲁菌病、结核病净化工作。本省实施的"四病"的净化工作在控制疫病、促进生产、增加效益等方面     

奶牛场“两病”的检疫净化措施探讨

奶牛结核病和布氏杆菌病是影响奶牛养殖的重要的二种传染病,做好该类疾病的净化与控制对保障人民群众身体健康有着重要的意义,本文将对奶牛场“两病”的检疫净化措施做一下探讨。     

奶牛布鲁氏菌病发生风险评估框架的建立

目的实现对奶牛布鲁氏菌病发生的风险评估,为制定科学有效的控制策略提供依据。方法通过进行奶牛布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查和风险因素分析,根据现场调查、专家评议、层次分析、模糊综合评价法等方法。结果建立了由评估指标体系、风险因素量化评价标准、指标权重、模糊综合评价方法组成的奶牛布鲁氏菌病发生风险评估框架。结论利用该风险评估框架可进行风险因素的综合分析,实现对奶牛布鲁氏菌病疫情发生风险的定量评估。     

奶牛布鲁氏菌病和结核病的检疫

金山区地处上海市远郊,是畜牧业适度养殖区。近几年奶牛养殖量逐年递增,特别是2006年本区廊下镇的上海光明荷斯坦种奶牛场建成并投入饲养,使我区奶牛圈存量一下翻了近一倍。奶牛布鲁氏菌病和结核病(以下简称奶牛“两病”)都是人畜共患病,如何优质高效地做好一年两次的奶牛“两病”检疫,及时淘汰感染奶牛,净化奶牛场,确保人们能喝上“放心奶”,保障人民群众身体健康,具有十分重要的现实意义。下面我结合多年的检测工作经验作如下总结:1严格按照检验标准操作1.1奶牛布鲁氏病的检疫:按GB/T18646-2002中动物布鲁氏病试管凝集试验进行操作。奶…     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.