不同消毒方法对外购种蛋孵化率的影响

将４４８枚种蛋随机分成４组，采用碘溶液、新洁尔灭溶液和高锰酸钾溶液浸泡种蛋为试验组，未浸泡消毒液种蛋为对照组。结果表明：碘溶液浸泡种蛋孵化率比对照组提高了１７．１％，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；新洁尔灭溶液浸泡种蛋孵化率比对照组提高了１３．４％，差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；高锰酸钾溶液浸泡种蛋孵化率比对照组差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

探讨饲料中钙的测定方法

钙是动物必需的最重要的营养素之一 ,动物机体缺钙会发生软骨症 ,幼畜会出现佝偻症 ;母鸡易产生软壳蛋 ,产蛋量减少 ,孵化率降低。但摄取过多的钙 ,会降低锌的吸收利用率 ,对猪可产生皮肤过度角质化。对饲料中的钙含量进行测定 ,有利于保证饲料的营养价值 ,满足饲养动物对钙的营养需求。测定方法通常使用高锰酸钾滴定法和ＥＤＴＡ络合滴定法。１高锰酸钾滴定法１．１方法原理 :将试样中有机物破坏 ,钙变成溶于水的离子 ,用草酸铵定量沉淀 ,用高锰酸钾法间接测定钙含量。ＣａＣｌ２ （ＮＨ４）Ｃ２Ｏ４ＣａＣ２Ｏ４↓ ２ＮＨ４ＣｌＣａＣ…     

“啤酒渣+味精渣+四号粉”喂蛋鸭的效果试验

“啤酒渣＋味精渣＋四号粉”喂蛋鸭的效果试验■吴灵千（浙江省宁海县饲料公司３１５６００）啤酒渣、味精渣为啤酒和味精工业的副产品，营养丰富，据测定干啤酒渣含水份１０％、粗蛋白２７％、粗脂肪７．４％、粗纤维１４．６％、钙０．１％、磷０．４％、赖氨酸０．８８...     

人工饲料中脱脂大豆粉的精制度对小蚕的影响

用精制程度不同，色泽自淡褐至白色，蛋白质含量分别为４２．４％（Ａ）、４８．９％（Ｂ）、５４．２％（Ｃ）和６５．８％（Ｄ）的４种脱脂大豆料，配制成人工饲料饲养小蚕。收蚁后２４小时疏毛率分别为５２．１％、８８．０％、１００％和９８．５％；收蚁后第１０日体重分别为０．２０４、０．２４５、０．２７４和０．２０９克，第１０日的存活率、三眠与四龄起蚕占蚕百分率均以含Ｃ饲料为最高，分别为９６．１％和６８．８％，而以含Ａ饲料为最低，仅为５４．４％和３８．９％。结果说明小蚕饲料用大豆粉以精制程度适中的淡黄白色Ｃ为最好。Ａ经甲醇、乙醇或水抽提后，蚕的疏毛率、存活率和生长发育速度均得到显著改善，其３种抽提物均对小蚕的取食和生长发育有阻碍作用。     

西门塔尔牛模式化饲养日粮及养分转化率的测定分析

对５０头西门塔尔泌乳母牛的日粮进行了为期６０ｄ的实测，结果如下：奶牛日均采食混合精料６．７ｋｇ，青贮玉米（带穗）２０．０ｋｇ，青干草５．０ｋｇ；其营养成分含量为干物质１６．３８ｋｇ，奶牛能量单位３３．７７，可消化粗蛋白１．３３ｋｇ，钙９３．３２ｇ，磷７１．１６ｇ；日粮主要养分转化为乳成分的效率为干物质１２．８２％，奶牛能量单位转化为乳能量５１．９１％，可消化粗蛋白４５．４１％，钙２４．３８％，磷２     

尿素精料和碱化秸秆在幼羊全混合日粮中的应用效果

选用 １２ 只两月龄东北细毛公幼羊，按体重大小随机分为 ４ 组，测定不同加工处理全混合日粮（ＴＭ Ｒ）对其生产性能的影响，并分析ＴＭ Ｒ饲养的经济效益。试验结果表明，在含玉米秸的ＴＭＲ 中以尿素精料等氮代替豆饼，在不降低幼羊生产性能的前提下（Ｐ＞ ０．０５），使每千克增重的饲料费用降低２６．４４％ ；在含尿素精料的 ＴＭＲ 中，玉米秸的碱化处理虽未显著影响幼羊的日增重及日采食 ＴＭ Ｒ 量（Ｐ＞ ０．０５），但却使ＴＭＲ 转化率提高了 ２１．５２％ （Ｐ＜ ０．０１），而且每千克增重的饲料费用降低 １１．２５％ ；对含尿素精料及碱化玉米秸的ＴＭＲ 进行颗粒化加工，与加工前相比，试羊日增重、日采食 ＴＭＲ 量及其转化率分别提高了 １６１．９２％ （Ｐ＜ ０．０１）、８８．７４％ （Ｐ＜ ０．０１）及２８．０１％ （Ｐ＜ ０．０１），每千克增重的饲料费用降低１７．６４％ 。     

猪瘟疫苗不同剂量对猪免疫攻毒效果试验报告

本试验根据近年来湖南农村猪瘟疫苗使用头剂量的变化，在室内、室外分别对猪接种不同剂量猪瘟弱毒乳兔苗和牛睾细胞苗，免疫期１０６￣１３０天攻击石门系猪瘟强毒，其室内接种组攻毒结果：猪瘟乳兔苗头剂量０．５ｍｌ１５０个免疫量，保护率１００％（５／５）；头剂量１．０ｍｌ１５０个免疫量保护率１００％（５／５）；头剂量１．０ｍｌ３００个免疫量保护率１００％（４／４）。牛睾国胞苗头剂量０．５ｍｌ３００个免疫量保护率     

氨化稻草与东北羊草饲喂奶牛的效果对比

稻草经过液氨处理后，粗蛋白质由４．５７％提高到８．８５％。在补充矿物质微量元素和维生素的基础上，作为唯一的粗饲料饲喂奶牛，与东北羊草相对比。结果两组的平均日产奶量（１３．２对１３．４ｋｇ）、平均体重变化（＋１４．６对十２．８ｋｇ）以及常规乳成分分析，均无显著差异。测定血清及牛奶中无机磷、钙、尿素氮的含量发现，两组经２４天试验，血清中各成分变化不显著，但牛奶中各成分变化差异显著，分别为磷（－１０．６５对－５．５ｍｇ％），钙（－９．８对２．９ｍｇ％）．氮（－４．４９对－０．０８ｍｇ％）。说明用氨化稻草饲喂奶牛，对奶牛的体重、产奶量以及血液中的某些理化指标无明显影响，但能引起牛奶中无机磷、钙、尿素氮相对减少。     

二氢吡啶对蛋品质的影响及其机理研究

取３００ 日龄罗曼蛋鸡１ ５３６ 只，随机分为４ 组（ 每组设４ 个重复，每个重复９６ 只） ，在自由采食、饮水和光照１６ｈ 的条件下，分别饲喂添加０ｍｇ／ｋｇ 、１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ 、１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ 、２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ二氢吡啶的玉米—豆粕型饲粮１３ 周。结果发现：①饲粮中含１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ 、１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ 或２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ的二氢吡啶， 能使蛋壳厚度分别增加１１ ．３３ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 、１６ ．８５％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１） 和２０．１７ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１） ；②饲粮中含１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ 或２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ 的二氢吡啶，能使蛋比重和蛋壳相对重分别增加０ ．４４％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 、０ ．５３ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０．０５） 和５ ．６６％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 、６ ．９７ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０．０５） ，血清钙含量分别提高了１６．９０ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 和１８ ．３３％ （Ｐ＜ ０．０５） ，而血清甲状旁腺素水平则分别下降了１８．０４ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 和２０．００％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 。     

香猪的行为特性研究

对香猪的走动与卧息，采食，排粪，发情，配种，产仔，哺乳，咬架与群居，定栏等行为特性进行观察和研究，结果表明：（１）母猪一天内走动时间约占１２－２０％（其中采食时间６．０－７．７％），卧息时间占８０－８８％；（２）妊娠母猪一天内排粪次数平均为４．０－５．４次，（３）母猪性成熟早，发情持续时间长，发情征候明显，性反应强烈；（４）青年猪６５－７５日龄出现爬跨，交配和射精等性行为，（５）母猪产前１０－１６     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.