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抗生素滥用对养殖业的危害及控制对策 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
科学合理地利用抗生素可以预防和治疗动物疾病,或起到应有的促生长作用。相反,盲目滥用抗生素不但达不到预期的目的,而且会使细菌耐药性增强,并造成畜产品中抗生素残留增加,从而危害养殖业健康发展,影响人类食品安全,抗生素的资 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2012,(2)
<正>抗生素是某些细菌、真菌、放线菌等微生物所产生的一类能够抑制或杀灭其他微生物的化学物质。抗生素工业的兴起极大地促进了养殖业的发展,一方面,抗生素作为生长促进剂长期添加于饲料中,不但可以预防疾病而且能起到促生长作用;另一方面,抗生素作为抗菌药物用于动物疾病的诊断、治疗及预防。科学合理的利用抗生素可以预防和治疗动物疾病,或起到应有的促生长作用。 相似文献
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饲用抗生素抗药性研究:现在与未来 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
<正>20世纪50年代,动物学家发现饲料中低浓度的抗生素可明显地促进畜禽生长,随即,饲料抗生素开始广泛使用。据统计,世界上有20多种抗生素及十几种合成抗菌类药物被应用到饲料中。饲料抗生素对预防动物疾病,促进动物生长,提高饲料报酬率起到了积极作用。但是,随着时间的发展,细菌抗 相似文献
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丁酸盐在动物营养中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
抗生素具有促进动物生长.预防、治疗动物疾病等重要作用,从而被添加于饲料中广泛应用于动物生产.但是随着人们对抗生素的乱加滥用.抗生素带来的药物残留.引起“致残、致畸、致癌”,病原菌耐药性增加等问题。2006年1月1日,欧盟全面禁止了抗生素在饲料中的使用。因此寻找抗生素类促生长添加剂的替代品迫在眉睫。丁酸盐可促进动物生长、提高饲料转化效率,提高机体免疫能力.抑制肠道病原菌等作用,是目前较好的抗生素替代品之一。 相似文献
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饲用抗生素的使用与食品安全及贸易壁垒两大热点关系紧密。业内对饲用抗生素的使用多持“远离”观点,甚至推崇让饲料及畜产品“无抗”。《欧洲禁用促生长抗生素及其对人畜健康的影响》提出的观点是:合理科学地使用动物专用促生长抗生素,不仅能促进动物的生长和健康,而且可以预防动物疾病,从而生产出健康安全的动物蛋白。欧洲的教训告诉我们,停用动物专用促生长抗生素,不仅影响了动物的健康和福利及养殖者的经济效益,而且造成人畜共用的治疗性抗生素用量大幅增长和食品卫生受到污染,可能进而影响到人的健康。中国地域辽阔,饲养管理千差万别,卫生状况不尽人意,除采用疫苗预防病毒性疾病外,科学合理谨慎地使用动物专用抗生素预防细菌性疾病,可收到事半功倍的效果。《论战场》力求为业内搭建“百家争鸣”的平台,请持不同意见的专家来稿、来函参与讨论。 相似文献
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甘露寡糖-抗生素生长促进剂的天然替代品 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jaime Abella Sision 《饲料研究》2006,(4):30-31
1抗生素生长促进剂发展现状抗生素长期以来被用于治疗人类和养殖场动物的疾病。大约50年前,美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准在饲料中添加亚治疗剂量或低剂量的抗生素来帮助动物生长得更快,产出更多的肉和预防疾病。随着抗生素在动物和人类中使用的日益增多,细菌对一些在人类和动 相似文献
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免疫增强剂是饲料添加剂由抗生素型转向非抗生素型过程中人们普遍关注的新型饲料添加剂。很多报道显示了一些免疫增强剂不仅可以有效地提高动物免疫力,而且能起到促生长的作用。免疫增强剂的医疗、保健作用越来越受到重视。然而,不同类型的添加剂起到了抗病促生长的相似功效,其促生长机理却有所不同,人们对饲用抗生素与免疫增强剂的促生长机理的研究成为无抗技术研究过程中的关键问题,本文从动物的生长过程入手就此问题做一综述。 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在归纳总结RFLP和PCR-RFLP标记技术的原理、优缺点的基础上,系统论述了其在牦牛遗传育种研究中的应用现状,并提出了个人的建议和看法。 相似文献
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近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2%的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。 相似文献