拉林公路沿线藏猪戊型肝炎病毒的血清流行病学调查

鉴于川藏公路沿线的旅游人士较多和拉萨-林芝公路沿线是藏猪养殖较为密集区,了解拉萨-林芝公路沿线藏猪戊型肝炎的感染情况,对沿线居民乃至全国人民戊型肝炎的防控具有十分重要的公共卫生学意义。利用双抗原夹心ELISA方法对拉萨市、墨竹工卡、工布江达及林芝县等地12个乡镇藏猪1 440份血清进行戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)抗体检测。结果表明,12个乡镇藏猪均有HEV抗体,HEV抗体平均阳性率为41.32%,以林芝县的百巴镇和八一镇为最高(51.67%);断奶仔藏猪HEV抗体阳性率在20.00%~35.00%之间,且以林芝县的更章门巴民族乡和八一镇为最高(35.00%);从性别上看,公猪和母猪血清抗体阳性率分别为47.08%和35.56%,差异显著(P0.05),且以八一镇公藏猪(63.33%)和百巴镇母藏猪(51.67%)为最高。结论:HEV普遍存在于拉萨-林芝公路沿线的拉萨市、墨竹工卡、工布江达及林芝县等地12个乡镇藏猪各群体中,应重视该病的防治。     

西藏地区牦牛传染性鼻气管炎流行病学调查与分析

为了解西藏七个地区牦牛传染性鼻气管炎(IBR)的流行和分布情况,试验采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对来自西藏七个地区的300份牦牛血清样品进行IBR抗体、抗原检测,并用SPSS 19.0软件对七个地区IBR抗体、抗原阳性率进行显著性分析。结果表明:西藏七个地区牦牛IBR平均抗体阳性率为11.00%(33/300),其中日喀则市和林芝市最高,均为17.78%(8/45);其次是拉萨市,为13.33%(4/30);那曲市为11.11%(5/45)、阿里地区为8.89%(4/45)、昌都市为2.22%(1/45);山南市最低,为0(0/45)。而牦牛IBR平均抗原阳性率为10.00%(30/300),其中日喀则市最高,为20.00%(9/45);其次是拉萨市,为16.67%(5/30);林芝市为15.56%(7/45)、那曲市为8.89%(4/45)、阿里地区为4.44%(2/45)、昌都市为4.44%(2/45)、山南市为2.22%(1/45)。日喀则市和林芝市IBR抗体阳性率与昌都市、山南市差异显著(P0.05),拉萨市与山南市差异显著(P0.05),其他各地市间IBR抗体阳性率差异不显著(P0.05)。日喀则市IBR血清抗原阳性率与阿里地区、昌都市和山南市差异显著(P0.05),拉萨市牦牛IBR血清抗原阳性率与山南市差异显著(P0.05)。说明牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒已经感染西藏牦牛群,且在流行和分布上存在一定的差异,其中日喀则市、林芝市、拉萨市相比其他地区较为严重。     

新疆南疆地区绵羊戊型肝炎血清流行病学调查

对新疆南疆4个行政区6个品种的434份绵羊血清,采用双抗原夹心酶联免疫法检测抗戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)IgG抗体,比较不同地区、不同品种及不同年龄段绵羊戊型肝炎抗体阳性率的差异.结果显示,所检测血清总的抗体阳性率为32.25%(140/434),4个地区绵羊抗体阳性率依次为32.34%(65/201),37.25%(19/51),47.25%(43/91),14.29%(13/91),差异极显著(p＜0.01);2岁以上绵羊与1岁以下绵羊抗体阳性率依次为47.25%(43/91)和21%(25/121),差异极显著(p＜0.01);不同品种绵羊HEV感染率差异显著(p＜0.05).由此可见,新疆南疆地区绵羊普遍存在HEV感染.     

新疆天山马鹿戊型肝炎病毒血清流行病学调查

为了解新疆天山马鹿戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)的感染情况,试验采用双抗原夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法对新疆地区3个集约化鹿场和1个散养鹿场的410份马鹿血清进行抗戊型肝炎病毒Ig G抗体检测,比较不同鹿群及不同年龄段马鹿HEV抗体阳性率的差异。结果表明:所检测的血清总的抗体阳性率为32.4%(133/410),4个鹿群的抗体阳性率依次为:32.5%(65/200)、46.0%(46/100)、21.0%(20/95)、13.3%(2/15),且差异极显著(P0.01);3个年龄段鹿群的抗体阳性率依次为:9.3%(7/75)、43.8%(92/210)、27.2%(34/125),且差异极显著(P0.01)。说明新疆天山马鹿存在HEV的自然感染。     

林芝市两区县藏猪流行性腹泻血清学调查

为了解西藏市猪流行性腹泻(PED)流行病学情况,采用双抗原夹心酶联免疫法(ELISA)对采集的林芝市巴宜区和米林县364份藏猪血清进行检测。结果表明:藏猪的PEDV抗体平均阳性率为39.56%,其中公猪血清抗体阳性率为40.63%,母猪血清抗体阳性率为38.37%。从性别上公猪和母猪的抗体阳性率无显著性差异(P>0.05),但巴宜区(26.37%)和米林县(52.74%)PEDV抗体阳性率存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。说明林芝部分地区藏猪流行性腹泻感染普遍,应注意防止该病的发生。     

江苏规模化奶牛场BVD与IBR流行病学调查

为了解江苏地区规模化奶牛场牛传染性鼻气管炎(IBR)及牛病毒性腹泻病(BVD)流行与分布情况,采用商品化酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)试剂盒对来自江苏省7个市和不同地区的13个大型规模化奶牛养殖场共540份血清中IBRV抗体进行检测,采用商品化ELISA试剂盒对来自江苏省5个市和不同地区的11个大型规模化奶牛养殖场共460份血清中BVDV抗体进行检测,同时从中随机采集100份血清样本,采用巢式逆转录聚合酶链式反应(nRTPCR)进行BVDV抗原检测与基因分型。结果表明:不同牛场的BHV-Ⅰ抗体阳性率为0%~82.1%%,平均阳性率为21.1%(114/540);不同牛场的BVDV抗体阳性率为0%~98%,平均阳性率为51.5%(237/460);不同牛场的BVDV抗原阳性率为0%~100%,平均阳性率为55%(55/100);对相应样本的BVDV抗原与抗体检测结果进行比较表明,抗原~+/抗体~+牛占40%(40/100),抗原~+/抗体~-牛占15%(15/100),抗原~-/抗体~-牛占35%(35/100),抗原~-/抗体~+牛占10%(10/100);基因分型结果显示,BVDV-Ⅰ型占11%(6/55),BVDV-Ⅱ型为78%(43/55),Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型混合感染占11%(6/55),未发现BVDV-Ⅲ型。研究表明,BVDV和BHV-Ⅰ在江苏省主要规模奶牛场普遍流行,但不同地区、不同牛场的阳性率存在明显差异,大部分牛场均能检测出抗原~+/抗体~-的持续感染牛,BVDV含基因Ⅰ、Ⅱ型,但主要以Ⅱ型感染为主。     

墨竹工卡和工布江达两县川藏公路沿线藏猪传染性胸膜肺炎流行病学调查

为了解墨竹工卡和工布江达两县的川藏公路沿线藏猪养殖较为密集区由胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)引起的猪传染性胸膜肺炎(PCP)的流行情况,研究利用商品化的间接血凝试验(IHA)和猪传染性胸膜肺炎ApxⅣ-ELISA试剂盒对沿线两县的工卡镇、扎西岗乡、日多乡、加兴乡和金达镇5个乡镇藏猪600份血清同时进行APP抗体检测。结果显示:阳性血清共307份(51.17%),从乡镇区域分布的APP血清学抗体检测结果看,金达镇藏猪APP抗体阳性率最高,达58.33%,工卡镇猪APP抗体阳性率41.67%为最低;不同年龄藏猪的APP血清学抗体检测结果看,仔藏猪APP抗体阳性率较高,达59.00%,1岁以上藏猪APP抗体阳性率偏低,为47.25%。     

东莞市屠宰场猪戊型肝炎血清学调查

为了解东莞市猪戊型肝炎的流行情况,2015年在东莞市15个镇(街)屠宰场采集225份血清,应用ELISA方法进行检测,结果为屠宰场猪戊型肝炎抗体阳性率为61.33%,结果表明东莞市屠宰场猪均存在不同程度的猪戊型肝炎的感染,建议采取综合防控措施防止人感染戊型肝炎病毒。     

云南部分地区反刍动物HEV血清流行病学调查

为了探究云南部分地区反刍动物戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)血清流行病学特征,试验采用ELISA方法对收集的1 500只山羊和500头黄牛血清样本进行HEV抗体的检测,并对检测结果按不同地区、物种和年龄进行分析。结果表明:共有590份(29. 50%)血清样本被检测为HEV抗体阳性。不同地区反刍动物血清HEV阳性率不同,红河地区最高,为55. 00%;丽江地区最低,为19. 48%。不同物种动物血清阳性率不同,黄牛血清HEV阳性率为44. 00%,山羊血清HEV阳性率为24. 67%。不同年龄山羊抗体阳性率不同,成年山羊组( 1岁)血清HEV抗体阳性率为32. 29%,幼年山羊组(≤1岁)血清抗体阳性率为11. 11%,差异极显著(P 0. 01)。说明云南地区反刍动物种类、年龄和饲养地区是影响反刍动物HEV抗体阳性率的主要因素,应采取有效措施来防控家畜戊型肝炎的传播感染。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.