5种中药对常见皮肤癣菌抑菌效果评价

比较了水提法与醇提法对苦参、土荆皮、白鲜皮的提取率,参照美国临床实验室标准化委员推荐丝状真菌药敏性实验方案(CLSI M38-A2)分别测定苦参、土荆皮、白鲜皮、瑞香狼毒和蜂胶提取物的对犬小孢子菌、红色毛癣菌和须毛癣菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC),以期为药物研究提供依据。结果显示:苦参、土荆皮、白鲜皮醇提取法提取率分别为4.317%、7.803%和9.162%,是水提取法的两倍以上;苦参、土荆皮和白鲜皮乙醇提取物对3种皮肤癣菌的MBC均低于水提取法;蜂胶、狼毒、苦参、白鲜皮和土荆皮醇提取物对3种皮肤癣菌均有良好的杀灭作用,其中以蜂胶的MIC和MBC最低,分别为0.4692 mg/m L~0.93850 mg/m L和0.9385 mg/m L~1.887 mg/m L。     

射干等20种中药对4株真菌的体外抗菌活性

观察射干等20种中药的体外抗真菌活性。通过乙醇回流、水煎煮和超声波等方法提取射干等20种中药中的抗菌活性部位,采用液体微量稀释法(broth microdilution susceptibility method,M38-A)测定射干等20种中药对石膏样小孢子菌、犬小孢子菌、须癣毛癣菌和白色念珠球菌4株真菌的体外抗菌活性,并研究抗菌活性较强几味中药的体外联合抑菌活性。射干、白鲜皮、五倍子和苦参4种中药提取物对4株真菌的最低抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)范围为1.563¹2.5g/L;姜黄、杜仲、赤芍、栀子、连翘和柴胡6种中药提取物的MIC值范围为6.2512.5g/L;姜黄、杜仲、赤芍、栀子、连翘和柴胡6种中药提取物的MIC值范围为6.25⁵0g/L;藿香、黄芩、板蓝根、黄柏和大黄5种中药提取物的MIC值范围在5050g/L;藿香、黄芩、板蓝根、黄柏和大黄5种中药提取物的MIC值范围在50¹00g/L;金银花、虎杖、何首乌、知母和佛手5种中药提取物的MIC值>100g/L。联合抑菌试验结果表明,射干、姜黄和栀子的联合抑菌指数(FICI)≤2,五倍子和射干、姜黄、栀子的联合抑菌指数(FIC)>2。结果显示射干、五倍子、姜黄、栀子对4株真菌均具有较好的体外抗真菌活性;射干、姜黄、栀子表现出无关或相加、协同的作用;五倍子和射干、姜黄、栀子表现出了拮抗作用。     

六味中药对养殖场供水渠道真菌的抗菌活性研究

为防止养殖场供水渠道长霉,参照M38-A液体微量稀释法测定六味中药对养殖场供水线分离真菌的抗菌活性。结果显示,所选药物对受试菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,黄连、苦参、蛇床子、黄柏、白鲜皮和土荆皮的MIC几何均值分别为2.2、2.8、9.9、19.8、28.1mg/mL和35.4mg/mL。表明,黄柏、白鲜皮和土荆皮抗菌活性较差,蛇床子有一定的抗菌活性,黄连和苦参具有明显的抑菌、杀菌作用。     

济南市犬体表皮肤癣菌携带情况的调查

通过对济南市犬体表皮肤癣菌的分离鉴定,了解皮肤癣菌在该地区犬体表的携带分布状况,为人畜共患皮肤真菌病的防治提供一定流行病学依据。分别从116只犬体表的4个部位刷集毛样,在沙氏葡萄糖琼脂培养基和皮肤癣菌试验培养基上接种培养,行铜圈法小培养,并在尿素沙氏培养基、米饭培养基及马铃薯培养基上接种。根据菌落形态、小培养镜下结构及培养基色素变化鉴定种属。结果表明,116只受试犬真菌镜检阳性率为31.89%,真菌培养阳性率为30.17%。共分离皮肤癣菌86株,其中犬小孢子菌占45.35%,石膏样小孢子菌占32.56%,须癣毛癣菌22.09%。腹部分离的皮肤癣菌数最高占35.34%(P0.05),幼年犬皮肤癣菌携带阳性率高于成年犬只(P0.05),不同性别间皮肤癣菌携带阳性率无显著性差异(P0.05)。济南市犬体表皮肤癣菌携带率相对较高,为避免造成人畜共患皮肤真菌病的发生,应做好相应防护工作。     

基于RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a技术快速检测犬猫皮肤癣菌方法的建立

旨在建立重组酶聚合酶扩增技术(recombinase polymerase amplification, RPA)结合CRISPR/Cas12a技术的荧光检测方法，以快速、灵敏、可视化检测犬猫皮肤癣菌。以犬小孢子菌、石膏样小孢子菌及须毛癣菌为研究对象，针对真菌内转录间隔区，设计并合成特异性RPA引物和CRISPR RNA(crRNA),建立可同时或分别检测上述皮肤癣菌的荧光检测方法，并评价其检测灵敏度，通过检测临床样本评价本检测方法的敏感性和特异性。结果表明：RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a在37℃、总反应时间30 min的条件下，对三种皮肤癣菌的检测灵敏度可低至单拷贝。对24份临床样本进行检测，以真菌培养和菌落测序结果作为标准，使用可同时识别犬小孢子菌、石膏样小孢子菌及须毛癣菌的皮肤癣菌crRNA(dermatophyte crRNA,crRNA-DM)和可特异性识别犬小孢子菌的犬小孢子菌crRNA(Microsporum canis crRNA,crRNA-Mc)参与RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a反应时，敏感性和特异性均为100%。RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a技术可同时...     

红棕杜鹃(原变种)叶提取物体外抗3种皮肤真菌活性的研究

为研究红棕杜鹃(原变种)叶提取物对皮肤真菌的抑制作用,试验采用乙醇、石油醚、乙酸乙酯及正丁醇四种不同极性的有机溶剂对红棕杜鹃(原变种)叶的活性成分进行浸泡提取,观察不同溶剂粗提取液及萃取相对石膏样小孢子菌、犬小孢子菌和须毛癣菌三种皮肤真菌的体外抗菌活性,结果表明:乙酸乙酯浸泡粗提取液抑菌效果最佳,对石膏样小孢子菌、犬小孢子菌和须毛癣菌抑菌率分别为43.3%、49.3%、53.6%,正丁醇相浸膏所得红棕杜鹃(原变种)叶提取物抑菌效果最弱,对石膏样小孢子菌、犬小孢子菌和须毛癣菌抑菌率分别为21%、18.5%、14%。说明4种不同提取溶剂2种提取方法所得红棕杜鹃(原变种)叶提取物对3种皮肤真菌均有不同程度抑制效果。本试验首次测定了红棕杜鹃(原变种)提取物的抗皮肤真菌效果,为研发安全、环保、抗皮肤真菌效能好的植物源新药物提供依据。     

犬猫真菌性皮肤病的诊治

真菌性皮肤病又称皮肤癣病,是指真菌侵染表皮及其附属构造(毛、角、爪)的真菌疾病。现已成为侵害犬猫健康的主要疾病之一。1病因病原真菌的种类很多,但引起犬皮肤真菌病的主要是犬小孢子菌。其次是石膏样小孢子菌和须发癣菌。猫的真菌性皮肤病95%以上是由犬小孢子菌引起的。皮肤真菌对外界因素的抵抗力极强,尤其对干燥更是如此。在日光照射或于0℃以下时,可存     

健康猫被毛真菌菌相

定量检测了４０只临床健康猫的被毛真菌菌相,从３１只猫被毛上共分离出１１个属１７５株真菌,主要为交链孢霉属、芽枝孢霉属、犬小孢子菌和曲霉属等。皮肤病病原菌２个属３个种,包括犬小孢子菌、红色毛癣菌和石膏样毛癣菌。     

犬猫皮肤真菌病的诊疗

皮肤真菌病是寄生于犬猫被毛及表皮、趾爪等角质化的组织中的真菌引发的皮肤病,俗称犬猫皮肤真菌病,是一种慢性接触性传染病,也是人畜共患病。犬猫皮肤真菌病常见4种真菌：犬小孢子菌、须毛癣菌、石膏样孢子菌和马拉色菌,犬小孢子菌和石膏样小孢子菌属于小孢子均属,而须毛癣菌属于毛癣菌属。作者就皮肤真菌病的临床症状、实验室检测、诊断、治疗进行逐一介绍。     

5种中药提取物及其组合对嗜水气单胞菌的体外抑制作用

试验旨在探讨大黄、诃子、五倍子、黄连、黄芩5种中药及其组合对嗜水气单胞菌的体外抑制作用。试验测定了5种中药的水提物和醇提物对3株嗜水气单胞菌的抑菌圈、最低抑菌浓度（MIC）、最低杀菌浓度（MBC）及对嗜水气单胞菌生长的影响，采用棋盘交叉法测定了5种中药联合抑菌作用。结果显示，大黄和黄芩醇提物的抑菌圈显著高于其水提物（P<0.05），诃子和黄连水提物的抑菌圈显著高于其醇提物（P<0.05），五倍子水提物和醇提物抑菌圈大小相近。五倍子抗菌作用最强，其水提物和醇提物MIC为7.81～15.63 g/L，大黄醇提物和诃子水提物抗菌作用次之，MIC均为15.63～31.25 g/L。选择抑菌作用更强的提取物两两组合，五倍子水提物与其他4种中药提取物组合、大黄醇提物与黄连水提物组合均为协同作用；黄连水提物与黄芩醇提物组合为相加作用；大黄醇提物与黄芩醇提物、诃子水提物与黄连水提物组合均为无关作用；诃子水提物与黄芩醇提物组合为拮抗作用。研究表明，5种中药对嗜水气单胞菌均具有抑制作用，五倍子作用最强，五倍子水提物与其他4种中药提取物两两组合、黄连水提物与黄芩醇提物组合均可增强抗菌活性。     

菌痢消颗粒薄层色谱研究

菌痢消颗粒是由黄连、诃子、苦参、白头翁、甘草等中药制成的纯中药制剂,具有清热燥湿,泻火解毒,涩肠止泻之功效。在对本品的质量标准研究中,本文重点进行了薄层色谱研究,选择了多种展开系统进行比较。结果显示,采用《中国兽药典》收载方法及展开系统对本方中黄连、诃子、苦参进行薄层色谱鉴别,斑点清晰,方法可行。     

Ethnoveterinary study for antidermatophytic activity of Piper betle, Alpinia galanga and Allium ascalonicum extracts in vitro

Crude ethanolic extracts of Piper betle leaves (Piperaceae), Alpinia galanga rhizomes (Zingiberaceae) and Allium ascalonicum bulbs (Liliaceae) were tested against selected zoonotic dermatophytes (Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophyte) and the yeast-like Candida albicans. A broth dilution method was employed to determine the inhibitory effect of the extracts and compared to those of ketoconazole and griseofulvin. All extracts suppressed the growth of the fungi in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the extracts tested, P. betle exhibited more effective antifungal properties with average IC(50) values ranging from 110.44 to 119.00 microg/ml. Subsequently, 10% Piper betle (Pb) cream was formulated, subjected to physical and microbial limit test and evaluated for antifungal effect. The disc diffusion assay revealed comparable zones of inhibition between discs of Pb cream containing 80 microg P. betle extract and 80 microg ketoconazole against tested fungi at 96 h after incubation. Thereafter, the inhibitory effect of Pb cream markedly decreased and completely lost effectiveness by day 7. In summary, the results supported the traditional wisdom of herbal remedy use and suggested a potential value-addition to agricultural products. It was suggested that the Pb cream has potential therapeutic value for treatment of dermatophytosis. However, clinical testing as well as improving the Pb cream formulation with greater efficacy and duration of action would be of interest and awaits further investigation.     

三味拳参口服液质量标准研究

为优化提升三味拳参口服液的质量标准，试验采用薄层色谱法分别对三味拳参口服液中苦参、穿心莲、拳参进行鉴别。试验优化了供试样品的制备方法及展开系统，采用一次样品处理，一套薄层展开系统同时把苦参和穿心莲两种药材一次鉴别出来，同时开展了拳参的薄层色谱鉴别方法研究，结果表明，该方法能够准确检出苦参、穿心莲、拳参特征指标成份，简便快速、分离效果好，斑点清晰，重现性好，专属性强，既达到中国兽药典的要求，还节省时间、试剂，适用于三味拳参口服液中苦参、穿心莲、拳参的质量控制。     

16味蒙药对3种仇清型牛源致病性大肠杆菌体外抑菌及联合抑菌效果的研究

为研究蒙药对3种血清型牛源致病性大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli，E. coli）的体外抑菌效果，采用牛津杯法测定16味蒙药对受试菌株的抑菌圈直径，利用微量稀释法结合平板法测定最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC），采用棋盘法测定敏感蒙药的协同指数（FICI）。结果表明，乌里史古—达兰—哈力苏、协日—洪连、乌拉勒吉嘎纳对3种血清型大肠杆菌的抑菌圈直径为16.10-29.64 mm，MIC为7.81-31.25 mg/mL，MBC为15.63-125 mg/mL。联合抑菌试验结果表明，乌拉勒吉嘎纳与协日—洪连，舒布格日—希木勒德格与呼仍—图如对E. coli O26的FICI为0.50，乌拉勒吉嘎纳与乌里史古—达兰—哈力苏对E. coli O83的FICI为0.50。结果提示，乌里史古—达兰—哈力苏、协日—洪连、呼仍—图如、乌拉勒吉嘎纳、阿纳尔对3种血清型大肠杆菌的综合抑菌效果较好；舒布格日—希木勒德格与呼仍—图如在抑制E. coli O26时表现为协同作用，组方时可优先考虑；乌拉勒吉嘎纳与乌里史古—达兰—哈力苏在抑制E. coli O83时表现为协同作用，组方中可优先考虑。     

透骨草水提物与抗菌药对产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌的体外联合抑菌作用研究

为了探究透骨草水提物与抗菌药联合对产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌的体外抑菌作用。采用二倍微量肉汤稀释法与微量方阵棋盘法来测定各抗菌药与透骨草的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及二者联合作用后的分级抑菌浓度指数(FICI)。结果显示,透骨草水提物与头孢曲松钠、头孢他啶、头孢噻肟钠、头孢噻呋钠、阿莫西林、阿米卡星、阿奇霉素、磷霉素、黏杆菌素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、利福平、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、痢菌净、林可霉素联合作用后的FICI分别为0.75、0.75、1.00、0.75、0.53、0.51、0.75、4.5、4.5、4.5、4.5、2.5。结果表明,透骨草水提物与头孢曲松钠、头孢他啶、头孢噻肟钠、头孢噻呋钠、阿莫西林、阿米卡星、阿奇霉素、磷霉素、黏杆菌素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、利福平联合作用时有相加作用;与环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、痢菌净、林可霉素联合作用时有颉颃作用。     

Study on the Antibacterial Effects of Queous Extract of Phryma leptostachya L.var. asiatica Hara Combined with Antibiotics in vitro against ESBLs-producing E.coli

In order to study the antibacterial effects in vitro of the aqueous extracts of Phryma leptostachya L.var.asiatica Hara combined with antibiotics against ESBLs-producing E.coli,we used broth micro-dilution method and micro-dilution checker-board technique to measure the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the fractional inhibitory concentrations index (FICI) of Phryma leptostachya L.var.asiatica Hara and antibiotics.The results showed that the FICI of Phryma leptostachya L.var.asiatica Hara combined with ceftriaxone sodium,ceftazidime,cefotaxime sodium,ceftiofur sodium,amoxicillin,amikacin,azithromycin,fosfomycin,colistin,sulfamonomethoxine,rifampicin,ciprofloxacin,norfloxacin,levofloxacin,mequindox,lincomycin were 0.75,0.75,1.00,0.75,0.53,0.51,0.75,4.5,4.5,4.5,4.5 and 2.5,respectively.The results of the tests indicated that the aqueous extracts of Phryma leptostachya L.var.asiatica Hara combining with ceftriaxone sodium,ceftazidime,cefotaxime sodium,ceftiofur sodium,amoxicillin,amikacin,azithromycin,fosfomycin,colistin,sulfamonomethoxine and rifampicin showed additive effect;Combining with ciprofloxacin,norfloxacin,levofloxacin,mequindox and lincomycin had the antagonistic effect.     

抑制鹿源多药耐药结核菌中药的筛选

为了筛选对鹿源多药耐药结核菌有效的中药耐药抑制剂,通过MABA法检测24种中药的水和乙醇提取物对多药耐药结核菌及标准菌H37Rv的体外抗菌效果,将筛选出的抗菌效果好的黄连醇提物和黄连水提物采用紫外分光光度法进行活性成分含量测定,同时以MABA法与标准品比较体外抗结核菌活性。结果显示,黄连、独活和侧柏叶有明显的抗结核活性,其中黄连水粗提物和乙醇粗提物效果最佳,测得它们活性成分即总生物碱含量分别为22.74%和35.23%,并显示二者与小檗碱的体外抗结核作用相同。     

Ovicidal and larvicidal activity of the crude extracts from Phytolacca icosandra against Haemonchus contortus

The development of anthelmintic resistance has impacted on the success of conventional anthelmintics (AH) for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in grazing/browsing sheep and goats. Medicinal plants from the traditional herbolary in Mexico may provide new candidates that can be explored as alternative sources of AHs for ruminants. This study evaluated the leaf extracts derived from Phytolacca icosandra against infective L(3) larvae and eggs from Haemonchus contortus collected from sheep. Three extracts of different polarities were obtained from the leaf plants using ethanol, n-hexane and dichloromethane as the solvents. The effectiveness of the in vitro AH activity of the plant extracts was evaluated using larval migration inhibition (LMI) and egg hatch (EHA) assays. For the LMI assays, the ethanolic extract of P. icosandra showed 55.4% inhibition of larval migration at 2mg/mL (p<0.05). The dichloromethane extract of P. icosandra showed 67.1% inhibition of migration at 3mg/mL (p<0.05) and a dose-dependent response with an LD(50) of 0.90 mg/mL. The n-hexane extract failed to show inhibition of larval migration at any concentration explored. In the EHA for the ethanol extract, the lowest concentration tested (0.15 mg/mL) resulted in inhibition of egg hatching greater than 72.6%. Therefore, the LD(50) could not be calculated for this extract. The LD(50) of the dichloromethane extract of P. icosandra was 0. 28 mg/mL. An egg hatch inhibition greater than 90% was observed with both the ethanolic and dichloromethane extracts when using a concentration of 0.90 mg/mL or higher. The n-hexane extract failed to show egg hatch inhibition at any concentration tested. The AH activity reported for P. icosandra could be attributable to the flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, coumarins and/or saponins that were present in the ethanolic and dichloromethane extracts. A combination of more than one component may also explain the observed AH activity against the H. contortus life stages that were evaluated. In conclusion, the ethanolic and dichloromethane extracts of P. icosandra showed clear in vitro AH activity against the H. contortus eggs and the L(3) larvae. However, the hexanic extract of the plant leaves failed to show any in vitro AH activity.     

赤芍水提物与抗菌药联合对耐药大肠杆菌抑菌作用的研究

为了探究赤芍水提物与抗菌药联合对耐药大肠杆菌的体外抑菌作用,采用微量肉汤稀释法与微量棋盘法来测定各抗菌药与赤芍水提物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及二者联合作用后的分级抑菌浓度指数(FICI)。结果显示赤芍水提物与头孢曲松钠、阿莫西林、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、磷霉素、痢菌净、克林沙星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、加替沙星、阿米卡星、头孢他啶、林可霉素、头孢噻呋钠、氟苯尼考、阿奇霉素、头孢噻肟、利福平联合作用后的FICI分别为0.27、2.50、1.02、1.01、3.00、0.28、1.02、1.02、1.02、2.02、1.02、0.75、0.56、0.75、0.50、3.00、0.75、0.38。结果表明赤芍水提物与头孢曲松钠、磷霉素、氟苯尼考、利福平联合作用时有协同作用;与林可霉素、头孢噻呋钠、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶联合作用时有相加作用;与阿莫西林、左旋氧氟沙星、加替沙星、阿奇霉素联合作用时有颉颃作用;与环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、痢菌净、克林沙星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、阿米卡星联合作用时表现为无关作用。     

甘肃16种有毒杂草病害调查及利用其病害防、抑有毒杂草可能性评价

经调查,甘肃16种有毒杂草上发生的各类真菌病害有25种,并对苍耳轴霜霉菌Plasmopara angustiterminalis,棘豆霜霉菌Peronospora oxytropidis,马先蒿霜霉菌P.pedicularis,鸟头霜霉菌P.aconiti,荨麻假霜霉菌Pseudoperonospora urticae,槐束丝壳菌Trichocladia sophorae和寄生天名精的婆罗门参白锈匹菊变种Albugo tragopogi var. pyrethi在防、抑有毒杂草上的利用价值进行了初步评价.